2015-06-22 release

This version is primarily a maintenance release, with some improvements to the skeletal system and a new term for the newly discovered nervous system lymph vasculature
2015-06-22 release image
  • circulatory/neuro
    • Added new class for lymph vessel of dura mater; see http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14432
    • made ganglion a cell cluster organ rather than cell cluster. 702
  • xrefs and lexical properties
    • replaced multiple MESH tree numbers with IDs. 698. Thanks dhimmel
    • Migrated mouse anatomy tracker from sourceforge to github and rerouted tickets
    • Added multiple github tickets URLs to relevant terms
    • Changed FBbt xref for proctodeum. Fixes 685. Thanks mmc64 dosumis ANiknejad
    • fixed formatting of def xrefs; previously in the obo these were not correctly separated leading to problems with the OWL axiom annotations
    • FEED xrefs
  • skeletal and body parts
    • nose job:
      • turbinal improvements based on PMID:25312359
      • what was called “olfactory appartus” is now simply “nose”
    • pelvic region part of pelvis. Fixes 706
    • Linked bony and skeletal element projections. Fixes 107
    • procoracoid def. Fixes 104
    • lunate->intermedium. fixes 113
    • scaphoid->radiale. fixes 112
    • added has_quality to spine appendage. 700
    • added spine as syn from projection. 700
  • Integument
  • Constraints and axiomatization
    • Added multiple axioms following the DisjointUnionOver pattern aka JEPD mereological sums.
    • disjoint_union_over; feathers; fixing over-zealous constraint; there are some structures like tendons that are both part of the skeletal system (not skeleton) and muscle system
    • TCs for lung. Issue 701

Ontology Diff Report

Original Ontology

  • IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl
  • VersionIRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/releases/2015-05-25/uberon.owl

New Ontology

  • IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl
  • VersionIRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/releases/2015-06-22/uberon.owl

Report for classes

Class objects lost from source: 0

Class objects new in target: 5

New Class : outer root sheath companion layer

New Class : dura mater lymph vessel

New Class : nasal turbinal

New Class : hair canal

New Class : hair peg

Changed Class objects: 2302

Changes for: iliac spine

Changes for: digit 3 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: digit 4 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: digit 5 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: digit 2 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: digit 1 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: anatomical conduit space

Changes for: pericalcarine cortex

  • Deleted
    • - pericalcarine cortex definition Component of the parietal lobe. The rostral boundary of the pericalcarine cortex was the first appearance of the calcarine sulcus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the calcarine sulcus was visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the inferomedial end of the calcarine sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1059 }
  • Added
    • + pericalcarine cortex definition Component of the parietal lobe. The rostral boundary of the pericalcarine cortex was the first appearance of the calcarine sulcus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the calcarine sulcus was visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the inferomedial end of the calcarine sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1059 }

Changes for: buttock

Changes for: female pubococcygeus muscle

Changes for: serrated projection of ctenactinium

Changes for: medial orbital frontal cortex

Changes for: parietal serous membrane

Changes for: visceral serous membrane

Changes for: male mammary gland duct

Changes for: jaw region

Changes for: maxillary tooth

  • Deleted
    • - maxillary tooth curator notes this ontology also contains a class for ‘tooth of upper jaw’. This is not equivalent to ‘maxillary tooth’ in a multi-species context, because many vertebrates have other tooth-bearing bones in the upper jaw[UBERON:cjm]
  • Added
    • + maxillary tooth curator notes this ontology also contains a class for ‘tooth of upper jaw’. This is not equivalent to ‘maxillary tooth’ in a multi-species context, because many vertebrates have other tooth-bearing bones in the upper jaw[http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165]

Changes for: lenticular process of incus bone

Changes for: palatine prong

Changes for: anterior process of the palatoquadrate

Changes for: peripheral plate of carapace

Changes for: pleural plate of carapace

Changes for: pontocerebellar tract

Changes for: hindlimb intermedium

Changes for: trunk vertebra

Changes for: primary olfactory cortex

  • Deleted
    • - primary olfactory cortex definition The term primary olfactory areas in the primate, refers to a group of structures defined by connectivity, namely, structures that receive axons from the olfactory bulb. They include the anterior olfactory nucleus, the anterior perforated substance, the rostral part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus (anterior cortical nucleus of amygdala), and structures in the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus, namely, the prepyriform area, most of the periamygdaloid area, and the rostral part of the entorhinal area (Price-90). Note that some authors have regarded the olfactory bulb itself as the primary olfactory area and the areas to which it projects as secondary (Anthoney-94). In the mouse (Dong-2004) and the rat (Swanson-2004), olfactory areas include the olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, tenia tecta, prepyriform area, postpiriform transition area, piriform amygdaloid area, nucleus of lateral olfactory tract, and cortical amygdaloid area. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_2706 }
  • Added
    • + primary olfactory cortex definition The term primary olfactory areas in the primate, refers to a group of structures defined by connectivity, namely, structures that receive axons from the olfactory bulb. They include the anterior olfactory nucleus, the anterior perforated substance, the rostral part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus (anterior cortical nucleus of amygdala), and structures in the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus, namely, the prepyriform area, most of the periamygdaloid area, and the rostral part of the entorhinal area (Price-90). Note that some authors have regarded the olfactory bulb itself as the primary olfactory area and the areas to which it projects as secondary (Anthoney-94). In the mouse (Dong-2004) and the rat (Swanson-2004), olfactory areas include the olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, tenia tecta, prepyriform area, postpiriform transition area, piriform amygdaloid area, nucleus of lateral olfactory tract, and cortical amygdaloid area. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_2706 }

Changes for: digestive system element

Changes for: basihyal lingual process

Changes for: surangular bone

Changes for: patagialis muscle

Changes for: interclavicle

Changes for: primary superior olive

  • Deleted
    • - primary superior olive definition Part of the superior olivary complex of nuclei in the caudal pontine tegmentum, situated within the trapezoid body in humans. (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd edition, 1981, pg 617). In many species, it comprises a medial superior olivary nucleus and a lateral superior olivary nucleus. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_900 }
  • Added
    • + primary superior olive definition Part of the superior olivary complex of nuclei in the caudal pontine tegmentum, situated within the trapezoid body in humans. (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd edition, 1981, pg 617). In many species, it comprises a medial superior olivary nucleus and a lateral superior olivary nucleus. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_900 }

Changes for: rostral anterior cingulate cortex

  • Deleted
    • - rostral anterior cingulate cortex definition Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the cingulate sulcus (inferior to the superior frontal sulcus) whereas the caudal boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was defined as the medial division of the orbitofrontal gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_975 }
  • Added
    • + rostral anterior cingulate cortex definition Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the cingulate sulcus (inferior to the superior frontal sulcus) whereas the caudal boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was defined as the medial division of the orbitofrontal gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_975 }

Changes for: colic flexure

Changes for: tear film

Changes for: inferior palpebral branch of infra-orbital nerve

Changes for: palpebral branch of infra-orbital nerve

Changes for: lower eyelid nerve

Changes for: upper eyelid nerve

Changes for: ventral thalamic fasciculus

  • Deleted
    • - ventral thalamic fasciculus definition The thalamic fasciculus is a component of the subthalamus. It is sometimes considered synonymous with ‘field H1 of Forel’. Nerve fibres forming a composite bundle containing cerebellothalamic (crossed) and pallidothalamic (uncrossed) fibres that is insinuated between the thalamus and zona incerta. The thalamic fasciculus consists of the joint fibers of the ansa lenticularis and the lenticular fasciculus, coming from different portions of the medial globus pallidus, before they jointly enter the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalamic_fasciculus,Wikipedia:Thalamic_fasciculus }
  • Added
    • + ventral thalamic fasciculus definition The thalamic fasciculus is a component of the subthalamus. It is sometimes considered synonymous with ‘field H1 of Forel’. Nerve fibres forming a composite bundle containing cerebellothalamic (crossed) and pallidothalamic (uncrossed) fibres that is insinuated between the thalamus and zona incerta. The thalamic fasciculus consists of the joint fibers of the ansa lenticularis and the lenticular fasciculus, coming from different portions of the medial globus pallidus, before they jointly enter the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalamic_fasciculus }

Changes for: caudal anterior cingulate cortex

  • Deleted
    • - caudal anterior cingulate cortex definition Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum whereas the caudal boundary was established as the first appearance of the mammillary bodies. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was the corpus callosum (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_967 }
  • Added
    • + caudal anterior cingulate cortex definition Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum whereas the caudal boundary was established as the first appearance of the mammillary bodies. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was the corpus callosum (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_967 }

Changes for: medial subnucleus of solitary tract

Changes for: nucleus of spinal cord

Changes for: dorsal commissural nucleus of spinal cord

Changes for: feather shaft

Changes for: feather muscle

Changes for: manual digit 5 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: manual digit 4 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: manual digit 3 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: manual digit 2 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: pedal digit 5 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: pedal digit 4 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: pedal digit 1 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: pedal digit 2 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: pedal digit plus metapodial segment

Changes for: manual digit 1 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: inner epidermal layer of feather follicle

Changes for: outer epidermal layer of feather follicle

Changes for: non-neurogenic ectodermal placode

Changes for: superficial fascia

Changes for: atrioventricular region

Changes for: collection of collagen fibrils

Changes for: midcarpal joint

Changes for: palatoquadrate arch

Changes for: vertebra pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: vertebra cartilage element

Changes for: gubernacular bulb, intra-abdominal part

Changes for: gubernacular bulb, extra-abdominal part

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 8

Changes for: distal mesopodial endochondral element

Changes for: coracoclavicular ligament

Changes for: medial olfactory stria

Changes for: caudal vertebra endochondral element

Changes for: anterior perforated substance

  • Deleted
    • - anterior perforated substance definition Regional part of telencephalon lying on the basal surface and bounded by the olfactory trigone rostrally, the diagonal band medially and caudally and the prepiriform cortex laterally. It is characterized by many perforations caused by small blood vessels entering the gray matter (Meyer et al., J. Comp. Neurol 284: 405, 1989). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1096 }
  • Added
    • + anterior perforated substance definition Regional part of telencephalon lying on the basal surface and bounded by the olfactory trigone rostrally, the diagonal band medially and caudally and the prepiriform cortex laterally. It is characterized by many perforations caused by small blood vessels entering the gray matter (Meyer et al., J. Comp. Neurol 284: 405, 1989). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1096 }

Changes for: mammary lobe

Changes for: anterior ramus of cleithrum

Changes for: transverse process of lumbar vertebra

Changes for: lumbar rib

Changes for: cervical rib

Changes for: transverse process of cervical vertebra

Changes for: glabella skin

Changes for: glabella region

Changes for: buccal vestibule

  • Deleted
    • - buccal vestibule definition The buccal vestibule is the space external to teeth and gums and internal to lips and cheeks. The proportion of its walls formed by the lips varies according to species depending upon their feeding action. The horse like most herbivores has a relatively small opening. PPP The buccal vestibule opens to the outside rostrally via a U shaped slit the oral fissure. PPP When the mouth is closed the buccal vestibule and the mouth cavity proper connect via spaces between and behind the teeth. These allow free communication between the two sides of the vestibule. PPP Several salivary ducts open into the dorso caudal part of the vestibule: PPP Parotid gland - opens into the cheek on the small parotid papilla, opposite to the caudal part of upper 4 th premolar teeth PPP Zygomatic gland - the main duct opens in the caudal part of the upper 1 st molar tooth on a small papilla near the vestibular fornix PPP Submucous glands - minimal in number, confined to the lower lip and adjacent part of the cheek. Secretion occurs through about 10 openings located near the fornix of the vestibule. { database cross reference=MURDOCH:240 }
  • Added
    • + buccal vestibule definition The buccal vestibule is the space external to teeth and gums and internal to lips and cheeks. The proportion of its walls formed by the lips varies according to species depending upon their feeding action. The horse like most herbivores has a relatively small opening. PPP The buccal vestibule opens to the outside rostrally via a U shaped slit the oral fissure. PPP When the mouth is closed the buccal vestibule and the mouth cavity proper connect via spaces between and behind the teeth. These allow free communication between the two sides of the vestibule. PPP Several salivary ducts open into the dorso caudal part of the vestibule: PPP Parotid gland - opens into the cheek on the small parotid papilla, opposite to the caudal part of upper 4 th premolar teeth PPP Zygomatic gland - the main duct opens in the caudal part of the upper 1 st molar tooth on a small papilla near the vestibular fornix PPP Submucous glands - minimal in number, confined to the lower lip and adjacent part of the cheek. Secretion occurs through about 10 openings located near the fornix of the vestibule. { database cross reference=MURDOCH:240 }

Changes for: morphological feature

Changes for: areolar sweat gland

Changes for: hindbrain commissure

Changes for: periovarian fat pad

Changes for: monotreme bill

Changes for: tail fat pad

Changes for: rugal fold of scrotum

Changes for: ilial ridge

Changes for: Nobelian rod

Changes for: developing neuroepithelium

Changes for: colorectum

Changes for: rectum smooth muscle tissue

Changes for: muscle layer of rectum

Changes for: head taste bud

Changes for: esophageal taste bud

Changes for: parafoveal part of retina

Changes for: fin taste bud

Changes for: perifoveal part of retina

Changes for: mouth roof taste bud

Changes for: pharyngeal taste bud

Changes for: autonomic nerve

Changes for: foveola of retina

Changes for: trunk taste bud

Changes for: opisthosome

Changes for: trophosome

Changes for: cranial neuron projection bundle

Changes for: integumental taste bud

Changes for: lip taste bud

Changes for: barbel taste bud

Changes for: medial forebrain bundle

Changes for: mammary gland

Changes for: corpus spongiosum of penis

Changes for: colostrum

Changes for: milk

Changes for: epithelium of trachea

Changes for: habenula

Changes for: pineal body

Changes for: optic tract

Changes for: habenular commissure

Changes for: lateral hypothalamic nucleus

Changes for: lateral geniculate body

Changes for: Verson’s gland

Changes for: white pulp of spleen

  • Deleted
    • - white pulp of spleen definition the parenchymatous tissue of the spleen that surrounds splenic blood vessels, consists of compact masses of lymphatic cells and is where foreign material removed from the blood is used to initiate an immune reaction that results in the production of antibodies { database cross reference=MP:0002357,MGI:csmith }
  • Added

Changes for: terminal bronchiole epithelium

Changes for: epithelium of nasopharynx

Changes for: primary subdivision of skull

Changes for: gular region

Changes for: pretectal region

  • Deleted
    • - pretectal region external definition Region of brain lying between the midbrain tectum and the thalamus (Sefton and Dreher, in Paxinos, G The rat central nervous system, 1995, pg 859), Situated at the level of poterior commissure and just rostral to the superior colliculus (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed, 1981, pg 542) { source=NIFSTD:nlx_59721 }
  • Added

Changes for: medial habenular nucleus

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + medial habenular nucleus definition The habenular nuclei comprise a small group of nuclei that are part of the epithalamus of the diencephalon, situated at the posterior end of the thalamus, on its upper surface. The habenular nuclei are typically divided into: lateral habenular nucleus medial habenular nucleus The pineal gland is attached to the brain in this region. Nerve impulses from the habenular nuclei are transmitted to the septal nuclei via the stria medullaris, which is found on the medial surface of the thalamus. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habenular_nuclei }

Changes for: septomaxilla bone

Changes for: venule

Changes for: nasal suture

Changes for: serum

Changes for: epithelium of esophagus

Changes for: bile

Changes for: gastric juice

Changes for: blood plasma

Changes for: semen

Changes for: elastic cartilage tissue

Changes for: olfactory epithelium

Changes for: sternocostal joint

Changes for: iliopsoas

Changes for: middle cervical ganglion

Changes for: fibrocartilage

Changes for: hyaline cartilage tissue

Changes for: feces

Changes for: corneal endothelium

Changes for: endothelium

Changes for: superior cervical ganglion

Changes for: humeroradial joint

Changes for: arteriole

Changes for: crypt of Lieberkuhn

Changes for: capillary

Changes for: blood vessel

Changes for: stifle joint

Changes for: intercarpal joint

Changes for: axial skeletal system

Changes for: post-cranial axial skeletal system

Changes for: layer of muscle tissue

Changes for: submucosa of digestive tract

Changes for: meningeal vein

Changes for: skeletal musculature

Changes for: jejunal artery

Changes for: organ system subdivision

Changes for: laryngeal prominence

Changes for: vocal organ

Changes for: ypsiloid cartilage

Changes for: pubo-ischium

Changes for: ilial protuberance

Changes for: inferior frontal gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - inferior frontal gyrus definition Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the inferior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the lateral bank of the inferior frontal sulcus and the medial bank of the lateral orbital sulcus and/or the circular insular sulcus respectively (Christein Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_873 }
  • Added
    • + inferior frontal gyrus definition Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the inferior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the lateral bank of the inferior frontal sulcus and the medial bank of the lateral orbital sulcus and/or the circular insular sulcus respectively (Christein Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_873 }

Changes for: pulmonary part of lymphatic system

Changes for: skin bony tubercle

Changes for: thymic artery

Changes for: panniculus carnosus muscle

  • Deleted
    • - panniculus carnosus muscle structure notes fine, flat muscles within the hypodermis. Their origin is in the deep fascia of bone and they insert into superficial skin. Function notes: They act to raise hair, quills, feathers, etc. It is also used in ‘twitch’ reflexes to shake off insects, etc.[Palaeos]
  • Added

Changes for: prime adult stage

Changes for: cervical thymic artery

Changes for: axillary sweat gland

Changes for: nucleus of Bischoff

Changes for: lacrimal gland

Changes for: tarsal gland

Changes for: lumbosacral nerve plexus

Changes for: brachial nerve plexus

Changes for: conjunctiva

Changes for: sympathetic ganglion

Changes for: posterior segment of eyeball

Changes for: epithelium of lens

Changes for: capsule of lens

Changes for: autonomic ganglion

Changes for: sensory ganglion

Changes for: anterior segment of eyeball

Changes for: isla magna of Calleja

Changes for: circuit part of central nervous system

Changes for: broad ligament of uterus

Changes for: perianal skin

Changes for: cauda equina

Changes for: gubernacular bulb

Changes for: telencephalon

Changes for: medulla oblongata

Changes for: metencephalon

Changes for: forebrain

Changes for: midbrain

Changes for: procoracoid cartilage

Changes for: procoracoid element

Changes for: procoracoid bone

Changes for: dorsal plus ventral thalamus

  • Deleted
    • - dorsal plus ventral thalamus definition Subcortical brain region consisting of paired gray matter bodies in the dorsal diencephalon and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.(MeSH). The dorsal topographic division of the interbrain. The macrodissected adult human thalamus was clearly illustrated by Vesalius in 1543 and the term as defined here was introduced by His in 1893. It includes the traditional epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus of Herrick (1910, pp. 494, 498). Also see Kuhlenbeck (1927, Ch. 9) and Jones (1985, p. 87). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_954 }
  • Added
    • + dorsal plus ventral thalamus definition Subcortical brain region consisting of paired gray matter bodies in the dorsal diencephalon and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.(MeSH). The dorsal topographic division of the interbrain. The macrodissected adult human thalamus was clearly illustrated by Vesalius in 1543 and the term as defined here was introduced by His in 1893. It includes the traditional epithalamus, dorsal thalamus, and ventral thalamus of Herrick (1910, pp. 494, 498). Also see Kuhlenbeck (1927, Ch. 9) and Jones (1985, p. 87). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_954 }

Changes for: epithalamus

  • Deleted
    • - epithalamus definition Most dorsal part of the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and habenular nuclei in most vertebrates. In a few vertebrates, it also includes the parietal eye. (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed, 2005, pg. 345-346. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1710 }
  • Added
    • + epithalamus definition Most dorsal part of the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and habenular nuclei in most vertebrates. In a few vertebrates, it also includes the parietal eye. (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed, 2005, pg. 345-346. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1710 }

Changes for: phrenic nerve

Changes for: scent gland

Changes for: choroid plexus

Changes for: internal capsule of telencephalon

Changes for: frontal cortex

  • Deleted
    • - frontal cortex definition Anterior portion of the neocortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus in humans. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally[NIFSTD,modified]. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_anat_20090601 }
  • Added
    • + frontal cortex definition Anterior portion of the neocortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus in humans. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally[NIFSTD,modified]. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_anat_20090601 }

Changes for: scala vestibuli

Changes for: endolymphatic duct

Changes for: visceral fascia

Changes for: mesethmoid bone

Changes for: sebum

Changes for: scala tympani

Changes for: lacrimal drainage system

Changes for: posterior semicircular duct

  • Deleted
    • - posterior semicircular duct definition The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear. The three canals are the horizontal semicircular canal (also known as the lateral semicircular canal), superior semicircular canal (also known as the anterior semicircular canal), and the posterior semicircular canal. The canals are aligned approximately orthogonally to one another. The horizontal canal is aligned roughly horizontally in the head. The superior and anterior canals are aligned roughly at a 45 degree angle to a vertical plane drawn from the nose to the back of the skull. Thus, the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette), while the superior and posterior canals detect vertical head movements. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain. The semicircular canals are a component of the Labyrinth. Among species of mammals, the size of the semicircular canals is correlated with their type of locomotion. Specifically, species that are agile and have fast, jerky locomotion have larger canals relative to their body size than those that move more cautiously. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicircular_canal,Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal }
  • Added
    • + posterior semicircular duct definition The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear. The three canals are the horizontal semicircular canal (also known as the lateral semicircular canal), superior semicircular canal (also known as the anterior semicircular canal), and the posterior semicircular canal. The canals are aligned approximately orthogonally to one another. The horizontal canal is aligned roughly horizontally in the head. The superior and anterior canals are aligned roughly at a 45 degree angle to a vertical plane drawn from the nose to the back of the skull. Thus, the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette), while the superior and posterior canals detect vertical head movements. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain. The semicircular canals are a component of the Labyrinth. Among species of mammals, the size of the semicircular canals is correlated with their type of locomotion. Specifically, species that are agile and have fast, jerky locomotion have larger canals relative to their body size than those that move more cautiously. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicircular_canal }

Changes for: saccule of membranous labyrinth

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 4

Changes for: utricle of membranous labyrinth

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 5

Changes for: cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 3

Changes for: semicircular canal

Changes for: internal ear

Changes for: cochlea

Changes for: posterior semicircular canal

Changes for: minor salivary gland

Changes for: sublingual gland

Changes for: parotid gland

Changes for: lip

Changes for: saliva

Changes for: sublingual duct

Changes for: duct of salivary gland

Changes for: carpometacarpal joint of digit 1

Changes for: nasal cartilage

Changes for: sebaceous gland

Changes for: sweat gland

Changes for: caudal-sacral region of vertebral column

Changes for: secretion of lacrimal gland

Changes for: paranasal sinus

Changes for: mucosa of larynx

Changes for: nail of manual digit 4

Changes for: nail of manual digit 5

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 1

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 2

Changes for: nail of manual digit 1

Changes for: nail of manual digit 2

Changes for: nail of manual digit 3

Changes for: paraganglion (generic)

Changes for: chemoreceptor

Changes for: disk of temporomandibular joint

Changes for: capsule of temporomandibular joint

Changes for: nerve to stylopharyngeus from glossopharyngeal nerve

Changes for: optic disc

Changes for: cranial nerve

Changes for: fovea centralis

Changes for: spinal nerve

Changes for: deep part of temporalis

Changes for: aqueous humor of eyeball

Changes for: carbon dioxide in respiratory system

Changes for: gas in respiratory system

Changes for: gas excreted from digestive tract

Changes for: excreted gas

Changes for: processus ventralis of thoracic vertebra

Changes for: processus ventrolateralis of thoracic vertebra

Changes for: saccus vasculosus

Changes for: proximal convoluted tubule brush border

Changes for: short microvillus layer

Changes for: striated border microvillus layer

Changes for: layer of microvilli

Changes for: pars plicata of ciliary body

Changes for: pars plana of ciliary body

Changes for: spina externa

Changes for: perforant path

Changes for: layer of smooth muscle tissue

Changes for: epithelium of biliary system

Changes for: articular process

Changes for: superficial epigastric artery

Changes for: sagittal sulcus

Changes for: embryonic lymph heart

Changes for: copulatory lymph heart

Changes for: pineal parenchyma

Changes for: left atrium endocardium

Changes for: cervical sympathetic nerve trunk

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + cervical sympathetic nerve trunk definition The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. These emerging postganglionic nerves synapse with preganglionic nerves from the thoracic spinal cord. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_ganglia }

Changes for: external soft tissue zone

Changes for: arcuate artery of foot

Changes for: infant stage

Changes for: anatomical collection

Changes for: anatomical row

Changes for: juvenile stage

Changes for: cloacal epithelium

Changes for: mental nerve

  • Deleted
    • - mental nerve definition Mental nerve is a general somatic afferent (sensory) nerve which provides sensation to the anterior aspects of the chin and lower lip as well as the buccal gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and the premolars. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The nerve emerges at the mental foramen in the mandibula, and divides beneath the Depressor anguli oris muscle into three branches: one descends to the skin of the chin. two ascend to the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip. These branches communicate freely with the facial nerve. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_nerve,Wikipedia:Mental_nerve }
  • Added
    • + mental nerve definition Mental nerve is a general somatic afferent (sensory) nerve which provides sensation to the anterior aspects of the chin and lower lip as well as the buccal gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and the premolars. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The nerve emerges at the mental foramen in the mandibula, and divides beneath the Depressor anguli oris muscle into three branches: one descends to the skin of the chin. two ascend to the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip. These branches communicate freely with the facial nerve. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_nerve }

Changes for: podotheca

Changes for: nerve ending

Changes for: lacrimal apparatus

Changes for: distal part of styloid process of temporal bone

Changes for: middle ear

Changes for: pinna

Changes for: vagus nerve

Changes for: infundibular organ

Changes for: arytenoid cartilage

Changes for: lymphoid tissue

Changes for: sclera

Changes for: corneal epithelium

Changes for: ciliary body

Changes for: skeletal muscle of trunk

Changes for: pupil

Changes for: lacrimal canaliculus

Changes for: optic choroid

Changes for: substantia propria of cornea

Changes for: maxillary sinus

Changes for: turbinate bone

Changes for: frontal sinus

Changes for: iris

Changes for: posterior chamber of eyeball

Changes for: uvea

Changes for: anterior chamber of eyeball

Changes for: prepuce

Changes for: mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve

Changes for: facial modiolus

Changes for: eyelid

Changes for: lower jaw region

Changes for: cranial ganglion

Changes for: spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve

Changes for: secondary palate

Changes for: upper jaw region

Changes for: jaw skeleton

Changes for: nasal cavity

Changes for: eyelash

Changes for: geniculate ganglion

Changes for: nail

Changes for: neurocranium

Changes for: larynx

Changes for: submandibular gland

Changes for: thyroid cartilage

Changes for: soft palate

Changes for: pharyngeal tonsil

Changes for: tonsillar ring

Changes for: palatine uvula

Changes for: cochlear nucleus

Changes for: oropharynx

Changes for: nasopharynx

Changes for: sphenoidal sinus

Changes for: tongue

Changes for: agranular insular cortex

Changes for: granular insular cortex

Changes for: alveolar ridge of premaxilla

Changes for: cerebellar vein

Changes for: cerebral vein

Changes for: stratum lucidum of uncal CA3

Changes for: air in respiratory system

Changes for: ethmoid bone

Changes for: bodily gas

Changes for: temporal bone

Changes for: sphenoid bone

Changes for: trigeminal ganglion

Changes for: occipital bone

Changes for: central retinal vein

Changes for: malleus bone

Changes for: incus bone

Changes for: lacrimal bone

Changes for: nasal bone

Changes for: jugal bone

Changes for: mandible

Changes for: hyoid bone

Changes for: auditory ossicle bone

Changes for: stapes bone

Changes for: petrous part of temporal bone

Changes for: external ear

Changes for: basioccipital bone

Changes for: orbit of skull

Changes for: squamous part of temporal bone

Changes for: ear

Changes for: stratum lucidum of rostral CA3

Changes for: stratum lucidum of caudal CA3

Changes for: ligament of hip joint

Changes for: ethmoid foramen

Changes for: articulation

Changes for: neuron projection bundle connecting eye with brain

Changes for: crus of penis or clitoris

Changes for: forelimb feather

Changes for: wing feather

Changes for: tail feather

Changes for: breast feather

Changes for: dorsal feather

Changes for: breast feather tract

Changes for: nucleus of the bulbocavernosus

Changes for: lumen of intestine

Changes for: vestibular nuclear complex

Changes for: organ component layer

Changes for: cuneocerebellar tract

  • Deleted
    • - cuneocerebellar tract definition White matter tract that originates from the cuneate and external cuneate nuclei. It relays ascending spinal fibers in the dorsal funiculus and conveys information from forelimbs to the cerebellum. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1238 }
  • Added
    • + cuneocerebellar tract definition White matter tract that originates from the cuneate and external cuneate nuclei. It relays ascending spinal fibers in the dorsal funiculus and conveys information from forelimbs to the cerebellum. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1238 }

Changes for: ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus

Changes for: anterior nucleus of hypothalamus

Changes for: motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

  • Deleted
    • - motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve definition Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing cells that give rise to motor innervation of the jaw through the trigeminal nerve. It receives both crossed and uncrossed fibers from the cerebral cortex (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1996, pg 248). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1222 }
  • Added
    • + motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve definition Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing cells that give rise to motor innervation of the jaw through the trigeminal nerve. It receives both crossed and uncrossed fibers from the cerebral cortex (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1996, pg 248). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1222 }

Changes for: superior frontal gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - superior frontal gyrus definition Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the midpoint of the paracentral sulcus on the “inflated” surface. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the frontal lobe and the superior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1303 }
  • Added
    • + superior frontal gyrus definition Component of the frontal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the midpoint of the paracentral sulcus on the “inflated” surface. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the frontal lobe and the superior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1303 }

Changes for: medial tarsal artery

Changes for: upper respiratory tract

Changes for: lower respiratory tract

Changes for: popliteal vein

Changes for: popliteal lymph node

Changes for: inguinal lymph node

Changes for: lower part of vagina

Changes for: extrinsic muscle of tongue

Changes for: facial muscle

Changes for: olfactory nerve

Changes for: digastric muscle group

Changes for: constrictor muscle of pharynx

Changes for: cheek

Changes for: muscle of larynx

Changes for: masseter muscle

Changes for: temporalis muscle

Changes for: stapedius muscle

Changes for: azygos vein

Changes for: auricular muscle

Changes for: thymic vein

Changes for: subclavian vein

Changes for: anterior vena cava

Changes for: left subclavian artery

Changes for: buccinator muscle

Changes for: hindlimb zeugopod

Changes for: forelimb stylopod

Changes for: nerve of thoracic segment

Changes for: mouth mucosa

Changes for: intercostal nerve

Changes for: cervical plexus

Changes for: thoracic nerve

Changes for: vestibular nerve

Changes for: musculocutaneous nerve

Changes for: umbilical cord blood

Changes for: middle cranial fossa

Changes for: lingual nerve

Changes for: anterior cranial fossa

Changes for: spinal nerve root

Changes for: tensor tympani

Changes for: bronchus basement membrane

Changes for: maxillary artery

Changes for: sublingual artery

Changes for: ophthalmic artery

Changes for: right coronary artery

Changes for: anterior cerebral artery

Changes for: middle cerebral artery

Changes for: left coronary artery

Changes for: central retinal artery

Changes for: coronary artery

Changes for: intercostal space

Changes for: posterior cerebral artery

Changes for: basilar artery

Changes for: vein

Changes for: artery

Changes for: echolocation organ

Changes for: temporal artery

Changes for: glossopharyngeal nerve

Changes for: vestibulocochlear nerve

Changes for: future diaphragm

Changes for: trigeminal nerve

Changes for: trochlear nerve

Changes for: facial nerve

Changes for: abducens nerve

Changes for: celiac artery

Changes for: oculomotor nerve

Changes for: trunk paraxial mesoderm

Changes for: head paraxial mesoderm

Changes for: chromaffin system

Changes for: hypoglossal nerve

Changes for: cardiovascular system endothelium

Changes for: aorta endothelium

Changes for: vasculature of retina

Changes for: orbital cavity

Changes for: paraaortic lymph node

Changes for: superficial cervical lymph node

Changes for: vestibulocochlear nerve root

Changes for: marginal zone of embryo

Changes for: perinatal stage

Changes for: chordamesoderm

Changes for: diagonal band of Broca

Changes for: nephron tubule epithelium

Changes for: accessory XI nerve spinal component

  • Deleted
    • - accessory XI nerve spinal component definition The spinal root of accessory nerve (or part) is firm in texture, and its fibers arise from the motor cells in the lateral part of the anterior column of the gray substance of the medulla spinalis as low as the fifth cervical nerve. Passing through the lateral funiculus of the medulla spinalis, they emerge on its surface and unite to form a single trunk, which ascends between the ligamentum denticulatum and the posterior roots of the spinal nerves; enters the skull through the foramen magnum, and is then directed to the jugular foramen, through which it passes, lying in the same sheath of dura mater as the vagus, but separated from it by a fold of the arachnoid. In the jugular foramen, it receives one or two filaments from the cranial part of the nerve, or else joins it for a short distance and then separates from it again. As its exit from the jugular foramen, it runs backward in front of the internal jugular vein in 66.6 per cent. of cases, and behind in it 33.3 per cent. The nerve then descends obliquely behind the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus to the upper part of the Sternocleidomastoideus; it pierces this muscle, and courses obliquely across the posterior triangle of the neck, to end in the deep surface of the Trapezius. As it traverses the Sternocleidomastoideus it gives several filaments to the muscle, and joins with branches from the second cervical nerve. In the posterior triangle it unites with the second and third cervical nerves, while beneath the Trapezius it forms a plexus with the third and fourth cervical nerves, and from this plexus fibers are distributed to the muscle. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_root_of_accessory_nerve,Wikipedia:Spinal_root_of_accessory_nerve }
  • Added
    • + accessory XI nerve spinal component definition The spinal root of accessory nerve (or part) is firm in texture, and its fibers arise from the motor cells in the lateral part of the anterior column of the gray substance of the medulla spinalis as low as the fifth cervical nerve. Passing through the lateral funiculus of the medulla spinalis, they emerge on its surface and unite to form a single trunk, which ascends between the ligamentum denticulatum and the posterior roots of the spinal nerves; enters the skull through the foramen magnum, and is then directed to the jugular foramen, through which it passes, lying in the same sheath of dura mater as the vagus, but separated from it by a fold of the arachnoid. In the jugular foramen, it receives one or two filaments from the cranial part of the nerve, or else joins it for a short distance and then separates from it again. As its exit from the jugular foramen, it runs backward in front of the internal jugular vein in 66.6 per cent. of cases, and behind in it 33.3 per cent. The nerve then descends obliquely behind the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus to the upper part of the Sternocleidomastoideus; it pierces this muscle, and courses obliquely across the posterior triangle of the neck, to end in the deep surface of the Trapezius. As it traverses the Sternocleidomastoideus it gives several filaments to the muscle, and joins with branches from the second cervical nerve. In the posterior triangle it unites with the second and third cervical nerves, while beneath the Trapezius it forms a plexus with the third and fourth cervical nerves, and from this plexus fibers are distributed to the muscle. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_root_of_accessory_nerve }

Changes for: feather barbicel

Changes for: nose tip

Changes for: dermatological-muscosal system

Changes for: vinculum of tendon

Changes for: kidney epithelium

Changes for: seminiferous tubule epithelium

Changes for: bile duct epithelium

Changes for: gut mesentery

Changes for: deep parotid lymph node

Changes for: ingested food

Changes for: pedal digitopodium region

Changes for: manual digitopodium region

Changes for: hepatic duct smooth muscle

Changes for: digitopodium region

Changes for: pedal digit 8

Changes for: posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Changes for: centrale

Changes for: pedal digit 7

Changes for: posterior nucleus of hypothalamus

Changes for: corticospinal tract

Changes for: precentral gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - precentral gyrus definition Component of the frontal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus is the rostral and caudal boundaries of the precentral gyrus respectively. The medial boundary is specific frontal gyri (superior, middle and inferior) whereas the lateral boundary is the medial bank of the central sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1455 }
  • Added
    • + precentral gyrus definition Component of the frontal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus is the rostral and caudal boundaries of the precentral gyrus respectively. The medial boundary is specific frontal gyri (superior, middle and inferior) whereas the lateral boundary is the medial bank of the central sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1455 }

Changes for: respiratory tract epithelium

Changes for: intergluteal cleft

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + intergluteal cleft definition The gluteal sulcus (also known as the gluteal fold or horizontal gluteal crease) is an area of the body of humans and great apes, described by a horizontal crease formed by the inferior aspect of the buttocks and the posterior upper leg. It is one of the major defining features of the buttocks. Children with developmental dysplasia of the hips are born with uneven gluteal folds and can be diagnosed with physical examination and sonogram. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluteal_sulcus }

Changes for: hindlimb feather

Changes for: crural feather

Changes for: temporal pole

  • Deleted
    • - temporal pole definition Anterior component of the temporal lobe (rostral boundary) extends caudally to the entorhinal cortex. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the superior or inferior temporal sulci, respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1055 }
  • Added
    • + temporal pole definition Anterior component of the temporal lobe (rostral boundary) extends caudally to the entorhinal cortex. The medial and lateral boundaries are the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the superior or inferior temporal sulci, respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1055 }

Changes for: metacromion

Changes for: olivary pretectal nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - olivary pretectal nucleus definition Small distinct nucleus in the pretectum of mammals involved in the pupillary light reflect. In rats, it is an olive shaped (anterior) nucleus lying ventral to the brachium of the superior colliculus (Paxinos, The rat nervous system, 2nd ed, 1995, pg. 862). Physiologically, it is identified by neurons sensitive to luminance changes. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1037 }
  • Added
    • + olivary pretectal nucleus definition Small distinct nucleus in the pretectum of mammals involved in the pupillary light reflect. In rats, it is an olive shaped (anterior) nucleus lying ventral to the brachium of the superior colliculus (Paxinos, The rat nervous system, 2nd ed, 1995, pg. 862). Physiologically, it is identified by neurons sensitive to luminance changes. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1037 }

Changes for: pars endotympanica

  • Deleted
    • - pars endotympanica definition This is present in the cat and forms the large medial part of the Bulla tympanica. It is not to be regarded as a part of the pars tympanica, which ossifies directly from connective tissue, whereas the Pars endotympanica is preformed in cartilage. The Septum bullae in the cat is formed by the Pars tympanica as well as by the Pars endotympanica(NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005)). { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • Added
    • + pars endotympanica definition This is present in the cat and forms the large medial part of the Bulla tympanica. It is not to be regarded as a part of the pars tympanica, which ossifies directly from connective tissue, whereas the Pars endotympanica is preformed in cartilage. The Septum bullae in the cat is formed by the Pars tympanica as well as by the Pars endotympanica(NOMINA ANATOMICA VETERINARIA (2005)). { database cross reference=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 }

Changes for: pupal case

Changes for: maxillary recess

Changes for: neck of bone element

Changes for: interstitial nucleus of Cajal

Changes for: cranial placode

Changes for: upper lateral secondary incisor tooth

Changes for: lateral line system

Changes for: digit

Changes for: gill

Changes for: male membranous urethra

  • Deleted
    • - male membranous urethra definition the shortest, least dilatable, and, with the exception of the external orifice, the narrowest part of the male urethral canal located in the deep perineal pouch and lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium; it extends downward and forward, with a slight anterior concavity, between the apex of the prostate and the bulb of the urethra, perforating the urogenital diaphragm below and behind the pubic symphysis; the membranous portion of the urethra is completely surrounded by the fibers of the sphincter urethrae membranaceae; on either side near its termination are the bulbourethral glands { database cross reference=MP:0011778,MGI:anna }
  • Added
    • + male membranous urethra definition the shortest, least dilatable, and, with the exception of the external orifice, the narrowest part of the male urethral canal located in the deep perineal pouch and lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium; it extends downward and forward, with a slight anterior concavity, between the apex of the prostate and the bulb of the urethra, perforating the urogenital diaphragm below and behind the pubic symphysis; the membranous portion of the urethra is completely surrounded by the fibers of the sphincter urethrae membranaceae; on either side near its termination are the bulbourethral glands { database cross reference=MGI:anna , database cross reference=MP:0011778 }

Changes for: anterior cervical lymph node

Changes for: lateral cervical lymph node

Changes for: gland

Changes for: post-anal tail bud

Changes for: palmar branch of median nerve

Changes for: elastic tissue

Changes for: tunica intima

Changes for: tunica media

Changes for: otolithic part of statoconial membrane

Changes for: basicranium

Changes for: otolith organ

Changes for: periosteum

Changes for: epiphyseal plate

Changes for: endochondral bone

Changes for: glabella region of bone

Changes for: corpus luteum

Changes for: trabecula carnea

Changes for: calcaneus

Changes for: navicular bone of pes

Changes for: face

Changes for: cuboid bone

Changes for: skeleton of pes

Changes for: skeleton of manus

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 2

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 3

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 4

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 5

Changes for: middle phalanx of digit 2

Changes for: middle phalanx of digit 3

Changes for: tarsal bone

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 1

Changes for: skeletal system

Changes for: subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue

Changes for: visceral abdominal adipose tissue

Changes for: compact bone tissue

Changes for: pretectal nucleus

Changes for: epiphysis

Changes for: pectoral girdle region

Changes for: intermedium

Changes for: pisiform

Changes for: radiale

Changes for: elbow joint

Changes for: radial nerve

Changes for: vasa vasorum

Changes for: brachiocephalic vein

Changes for: ulnar nerve

Changes for: pectoral muscle

Changes for: muscle of pelvic girdle

Changes for: recurrent laryngeal nerve

Changes for: splanchnic nerve

Changes for: neural tissue

Changes for: splenic vein

Changes for: cavernous sinus

Changes for: articular capsule

Changes for: knee joint

Changes for: temporomandibular joint

Changes for: ankle joint

Changes for: hip joint

Changes for: pes joint

Changes for: laryngeal vocal fold

Changes for: carotid sinus

Changes for: sinus of Valsalva

Changes for: inguinal canal

Changes for: calcaneal tendon

Changes for: intrahepatic bile duct

Changes for: extrahepatic bile duct

Changes for: circle of Willis

Changes for: glenohumeral joint

Changes for: deltoid

Changes for: skin of prepuce of penis

Changes for: lymphatic vessel

Changes for: middle phalanx of digit 5

Changes for: middle phalanx of digit 4

Changes for: sesamoid bone

Changes for: prepyriform area

Changes for: paracentral sulcus

Changes for: shoulder

Changes for: hip

Changes for: knee

Changes for: manual digit 1

Changes for: arm

Changes for: elbow

Changes for: sternoclavicular joint

Changes for: manual digit 4

Changes for: manual digit 5

Changes for: manual digit 3

Changes for: manual digit 2

Changes for: manual digit 1 phalanx

Changes for: pedal digit 5

Changes for: manual digit 2 phalanx

Changes for: manual digit 3 phalanx

Changes for: manual digit 4 phalanx

Changes for: manual digit 5 phalanx

Changes for: lateral malleolus of fibula

Changes for: pedal digit 2

Changes for: pedal digit 1

Changes for: pedal digit 4

Changes for: pedal digit 3

Changes for: hemisphere of embryo

Changes for: perianal sebaceous gland

Changes for: trachea cartilage

Changes for: abdominal ganglion

Changes for: chromaffin paraganglion

Changes for: endometrium glandular epithelium

Changes for: blood vessel elastic tissue

Changes for: fascia lata

Changes for: synovial bursa

Changes for: brachiocephalic artery

Changes for: sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S3 or S4

Changes for: sublaminar layers S3 or S4 or S5

Changes for: border of sublaminar layers S3 and S4

Changes for: border of sublaminar layers S1 and S2

Changes for: skin mucous gland

Changes for: sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S3

Changes for: sublaminar layers S1 or S2 or S5

Changes for: sublaminar layers S1 or S3 or S4

Changes for: thymus trabecula

Changes for: sublaminar layers S2 or S3 or S4

Changes for: prostate gland secretion

Changes for: sublaminar layers S3 or S4

Changes for: blood vessel layer

Changes for: mouth floor

Changes for: vertebral artery

Changes for: right subclavian artery

Changes for: entire pharyngeal arch endoderm

Changes for: smegma

Changes for: anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint

Changes for: internal carotid artery

Changes for: subclavian artery

Changes for: ligamentum flavum

Changes for: common carotid artery plus branches

Changes for: cuspid

Changes for: patellar ligament

Changes for: interosseous muscle of manus

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 5

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 4

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 3

Changes for: arch of aorta

  • Deleted
    • - arch of aorta definition the convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery { database cross reference=MP:0004113,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added
    • + arch of aorta definition the convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery { database cross reference=ISBN:0-683-40008-8 , database cross reference=MP:0004113 }

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 2

Changes for: tunicate siphon

Changes for: endocardium of left ventricle

Changes for: endocardium of right ventricle

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 1

Changes for: pedal digit 3 phalanx

Changes for: pedal digit 1 phalanx

Changes for: pedal digit 2 phalanx

Changes for: thoracic aorta

Changes for: abdominal aorta

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 4

Changes for: kidney pelvis urothelium

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 5

Changes for: respiratory system mucosa

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 1

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 2

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 3

Changes for: skeletal tissue

Changes for: dermal skeletal element

Changes for: scapulocoracoid

Changes for: regional part of brain

Changes for: salt gland

Changes for: vertebral centrum element

Changes for: diaphysis

Changes for: foramen magnum

Changes for: tooth socket

Changes for: sella turcica

Changes for: rotator cuff

Changes for: instar larval stage

Changes for: palatal muscle

Changes for: cranial suture

Changes for: masticatory muscle

Changes for: posterior cruciate ligament of knee joint

Changes for: pubic symphysis

Changes for: articular/anguloarticular

Changes for: subtalar joint

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint

Changes for: atlanto-axial joint

Changes for: acromioclavicular joint

Changes for: epidural space

Changes for: fused sacrum

Changes for: emboliform nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - emboliform nucleus definition the small wedge shaped nucleus interposed between the dentate and fastigial nuclei; it receives axons from Purkinje cells of the intermediate area of the cerebral hemispheres and most of its efferent connections travel via the superior cerebellar peduncle { database cross reference=MP:0009981,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added

Changes for: neuropil

Changes for: incisor region of dentition

Changes for: jugular vein

Changes for: cardiac muscle tissue of ventricle

Changes for: septum pellucidum

Changes for: cerebellar vermis

  • Deleted
    • - cerebellar vermis definition A subregion of the cerebellar cortex, consisting of the most medial zone of the cerebellar cortex, stradding the midline. May be continuous with the lateral cerebellar hemispheres in some areas of the cerebellum, e.g., dorsally, or separated by deeper fissures in others (e.g., ventrally) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1106 }
  • Added
    • + cerebellar vermis definition A subregion of the cerebellar cortex, consisting of the most medial zone of the cerebellar cortex, stradding the midline. May be continuous with the lateral cerebellar hemispheres in some areas of the cerebellum, e.g., dorsally, or separated by deeper fissures in others (e.g., ventrally) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1106 }

Changes for: piriform cortex

Changes for: cochlear nerve

Changes for: amphibian larval stage

Changes for: nematode larval stage

Changes for: inferior phrenic artery

  • Deleted
    • - inferior phrenic artery definition The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin. They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta. They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface. The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus. The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch. The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus. Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_phrenic_arteries,Wikipedia:Inferior_phrenic_arteries }
  • Added
    • + inferior phrenic artery definition The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin. They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta. They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface. The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus. The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch. The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus. Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_phrenic_arteries }

Changes for: internal urethral orifice

Changes for: cardiac muscle tissue of left auricle

Changes for: bulbus cordis

Changes for: lamina VI of gray matter of spinal cord

Changes for: lamina V of gray matter of spinal cord

Changes for: chiasmatic cistern

Changes for: cavity of left ventricle

Changes for: brachial artery

Changes for: cavity of left atrium

Changes for: axillary artery

Changes for: gastrocnemius

Changes for: soleus muscle

Changes for: cavity of right atrium

Changes for: cortex of cerebral lobe

Changes for: parietal cortex

  • Deleted
    • - parietal cortex definition Gray matter of the parietal region of the neocortex, located in the parietal lobe of gyrencephalic animals. It is continuous anteriorly with the frontal cortex, posteriorly with the occipital cortex and medially with the insular cortex and with the temporal cortex on the posterior/inferior border. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_79282 }
  • Added
    • + parietal cortex definition Gray matter of the parietal region of the neocortex, located in the parietal lobe of gyrencephalic animals. It is continuous anteriorly with the frontal cortex, posteriorly with the occipital cortex and medially with the insular cortex and with the temporal cortex on the posterior/inferior border. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_79282 }

Changes for: processus pterygoideus of maxilla

Changes for: inferior epigastric artery

Changes for: coccyx

Changes for: external acoustic meatus

Changes for: anal region

Changes for: brown adipose tissue

Changes for: vaginal hymen

Changes for: seminiferous tubule of testis

Changes for: retroarticular process

Changes for: gluteus maximus

Changes for: cavity of right ventricle

Changes for: femoral vein

Changes for: sacro-iliac joint

Changes for: parietal peritoneum

Changes for: umbilical artery

Changes for: ovarian follicle

Changes for: cumulus oophorus

Changes for: epididymis

Changes for: scrotum

Changes for: spongiose part of urethra

  • Deleted
    • - spongiose part of urethra definition the longest part of the male urethra contained in the corpus spongiosum and extending from the end of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice; commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the symphysis pubis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward; while narrow and of uniform size in the body of the penis, it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae; the spongy urethra is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium proximally, and by stratified squamous epithelium distally { database cross reference=MP:0011779,MGI:anna }
  • Added
    • + spongiose part of urethra definition the longest part of the male urethra contained in the corpus spongiosum and extending from the end of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice; commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the symphysis pubis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward; while narrow and of uniform size in the body of the penis, it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae; the spongy urethra is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium proximally, and by stratified squamous epithelium distally { database cross reference=MGI:anna , database cross reference=MP:0011779 }

Changes for: tibia endochondral element

Changes for: ulna endochondral element

Changes for: radius endochondral element

Changes for: male urethra

Changes for: thoracic vertebra endochondral element

Changes for: prepuce of penis

Changes for: cervical vertebra endochondral element

Changes for: prostatic urethra

  • Deleted
    • - prostatic urethra definition the widest and most dilatable part of the male urethra canal which runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; this portion of the urethral canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion; it is lined by transitional epithelium and contains in its posterior wall, or floor, the orifices of the prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts, and prostatic ducts, collectively known as the seminal colliculus (aka verumontanum) { database cross reference=MP:0011777,MGI:anna }
  • Added
    • + prostatic urethra definition the widest and most dilatable part of the male urethra canal which runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; this portion of the urethral canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion; it is lined by transitional epithelium and contains in its posterior wall, or floor, the orifices of the prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts, and prostatic ducts, collectively known as the seminal colliculus (aka verumontanum) { database cross reference=MGI:anna , database cross reference=MP:0011777 }

Changes for: female urethra

Changes for: lobe of prostate

Changes for: sacral vertebra endochondral element

Changes for: fibula endochondral element

Changes for: common fibular nerve

Changes for: tibial nerve

Changes for: sciatic nerve

Changes for: pedal digit 1 metatarsal endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 4 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 5 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 2 metatarsal endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 3 metatarsal endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 2 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 3 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 1 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 1 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 2 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 3 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 4 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 5 phalanx endochondral element

Changes for: border of sublaminar layers S2 and S3

Changes for: border of sublaminar layers S4 and S5

Changes for: ischial endochondral element

Changes for: iliac endochondral element

Changes for: pubic endochondral element

Changes for: ulnar artery

Changes for: radial artery

Changes for: manual digit 3 metacarpus endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 4 metacarpus endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 5 metacarpus endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 5 metatarsal endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 1 metacarpus endochondral element

Changes for: manual digit 2 metacarpus endochondral element

Changes for: pedal digit 4 metatarsal endochondral element

Changes for: tarsal skeleton

Changes for: nephrogenic zone

Changes for: Hatschek’s nephridium

Changes for: placental membrane

Changes for: retina blood vessel

Changes for: ischial spine

Changes for: interlobar artery

Changes for: carpal skeleton

Changes for: periurethral tissue

Changes for: lunate sulcus

Changes for: transverse occipital sulcus

Changes for: dentate gyrus polymorphic layer

Changes for: trigeminal nucleus

Changes for: trapezoid body

  • Deleted
    • - trapezoid body definition Bundles of axons traversing the pontine tegmentum oriented in the mediolateral direction. These fibers are related to the auditory pathway. Nuclei are embedded within these fibers. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_707 }
  • Added
    • + trapezoid body definition Bundles of axons traversing the pontine tegmentum oriented in the mediolateral direction. These fibers are related to the auditory pathway. Nuclei are embedded within these fibers. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_707 }

Changes for: spinothalamic tract of medulla

Changes for: lingual gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - lingual gyrus definition Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary of the lingual gyrus was the posterior extent of the parahippocampal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the gyrus could be visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the medial bank of the collateral sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_740 }
  • Added
    • + lingual gyrus definition Component of the occipital lobe. The rostral boundary of the lingual gyrus was the posterior extent of the parahippocampal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the most posterior coronal slice where the gyrus could be visualized. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial portion of the temporal and occipital cortices and the medial bank of the collateral sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_740 }

Changes for: cingulate gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - cingulate gyrus definition One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and interhemispheric commissure and forms part of the limbic system. (MSH) One of three essential structures comprising the limbic lobe, the other two being the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. (CSP) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_798 }
  • Added
    • + cingulate gyrus definition One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and interhemispheric commissure and forms part of the limbic system. (MSH) One of three essential structures comprising the limbic lobe, the other two being the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. (CSP) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_798 }

Changes for: basitrabecular process

Changes for: caudal pontine reticular nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - caudal pontine reticular nucleus definition The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. In rabbits and cats it is exclusively giant cells, however in humans there are normally sized cells as well. The pontis caudalis is rostral to the gigantocellular nucleus and is located in the caudal pons, as the name would indicate. The pontis caudalis has been known to mediate head movement, in concert with the nucleus gigantocellularis and the superior colliculus. The neurons in the dorsal half of this nuclei fire rhythmically during mastication, and in an anesthetized animal it is possible to induce mastication via electrical stimulation of the PC or adjacent areas of the gigantocellular nucleus. The pontis caudalis is also thought to play a role in the grinding of teeth during sleep. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus,Wikipedia:Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus }
  • Added
    • + caudal pontine reticular nucleus definition The caudal pontine reticular nucleus is composed of gigantocellular neurons. In rabbits and cats it is exclusively giant cells, however in humans there are normally sized cells as well. The pontis caudalis is rostral to the gigantocellular nucleus and is located in the caudal pons, as the name would indicate. The pontis caudalis has been known to mediate head movement, in concert with the nucleus gigantocellularis and the superior colliculus. The neurons in the dorsal half of this nuclei fire rhythmically during mastication, and in an anesthetized animal it is possible to induce mastication via electrical stimulation of the PC or adjacent areas of the gigantocellular nucleus. The pontis caudalis is also thought to play a role in the grinding of teeth during sleep. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus }

Changes for: parahippocampal gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - parahippocampal gyrus definition Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface, posterior to the entorhinal cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries are the posterior end of the netorhinal cortex and the caudal portion of the hippocampus, respectively. The medial boudnary is designated as the medial aspect off the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_807 }
  • Added
    • + parahippocampal gyrus definition Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface, posterior to the entorhinal cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries are the posterior end of the netorhinal cortex and the caudal portion of the hippocampus, respectively. The medial boudnary is designated as the medial aspect off the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_807 }

Changes for: lateral dorsal nucleus

Changes for: lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus

Changes for: medial superior olivary nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - medial superior olivary nucleus definition One of two subnuclei of the superior olive located within the caudal pontine tegmentum. Appears as a parasagittal row of transversely oriented bipolar neurons in transverse sections of human, with elongated somata in humans and other primates and large caliber dendrites. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1682 }
  • Added
    • + medial superior olivary nucleus definition One of two subnuclei of the superior olive located within the caudal pontine tegmentum. Appears as a parasagittal row of transversely oriented bipolar neurons in transverse sections of human, with elongated somata in humans and other primates and large caliber dendrites. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1682 }

Changes for: anterior nuclear group

  • Deleted
    • - anterior nuclear group definition Mostly gray regional part of anterior thalamic region, consisting of the anterior medial, anterior dorsal and anterior lateral thalamic nuclei in primates. In rodents, it consists of anterior medial and anterior ventral divisions, with several subdivisions of each, according to Paxinos (MM: 2006-10-26) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1692 }
  • Added
    • + anterior nuclear group definition Mostly gray regional part of anterior thalamic region, consisting of the anterior medial, anterior dorsal and anterior lateral thalamic nuclei in primates. In rodents, it consists of anterior medial and anterior ventral divisions, with several subdivisions of each, according to Paxinos (MM: 2006-10-26) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1692 }

Changes for: middle temporal gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - middle temporal gyrus definition Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the superior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The superior temporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1653 }
  • Added
    • + middle temporal gyrus definition Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the superior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The superior temporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1653 }

Changes for: ventral nuclear group

Changes for: lateral superior olivary nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - lateral superior olivary nucleus definition One of two recognized nuclei comprising the superior olive. The lateral superior olivary nucleus is much less prominent in humans than in many rodents and carnivores. In the latter species, it is frequently described as S- or V-shaped. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1675 }
  • Added
    • + lateral superior olivary nucleus definition One of two recognized nuclei comprising the superior olive. The lateral superior olivary nucleus is much less prominent in humans than in many rodents and carnivores. In the latter species, it is frequently described as S- or V-shaped. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1675 }

Changes for: ventral pallidum

Changes for: superior temporal gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - superior temporal gyrus definition Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the ssuperior temporal sulcus. The caudal boundary is the cauday portion of the superior temporal gyrus (posterior to becoming continuous with the supramarginal gyrus). The medial boundary is the lateral fissure (and when present the supramarginal gyrus), and the lateral boundary is the superior temporal suclus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1648 }
  • Added
    • + superior temporal gyrus definition Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the ssuperior temporal sulcus. The caudal boundary is the cauday portion of the superior temporal gyrus (posterior to becoming continuous with the supramarginal gyrus). The medial boundary is the lateral fissure (and when present the supramarginal gyrus), and the lateral boundary is the superior temporal suclus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1648 }

Changes for: inferior temporal gyrus

  • Deleted
    • - inferior temporal gyrus definition Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the inferior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is designated as the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The occipitotemporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1577 }
  • Added
    • + inferior temporal gyrus definition Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the inferior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is designated as the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The occipitotemporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1577 }

Changes for: superior phrenic artery

Changes for: myometrium

Changes for: endometrium

Changes for: glans penis

Changes for: thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

Changes for: nephron

Changes for: proximal convoluted tubule

Changes for: descending limb of loop of Henle

  • Deleted
    • - descending limb of loop of Henle definition the portion of the renal tubule that constitutes the proximal part of the loop of Henle, has low permeability to ions and urea, and is highly permeable to water; it consists of an initial short thick segment lined by low simple cuboidal epithelium and a long thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium; however, this distinction is not as important physiologically as in the ascending limb, so often the two are treated as one structure { database cross reference=MP:0011341,MGI:anna }
  • Added
    • + descending limb of loop of Henle definition the portion of the renal tubule that constitutes the proximal part of the loop of Henle, has low permeability to ions and urea, and is highly permeable to water; it consists of an initial short thick segment lined by low simple cuboidal epithelium and a long thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium; however, this distinction is not as important physiologically as in the ascending limb, so often the two are treated as one structure { database cross reference=MGI:anna , database cross reference=MP:0011341 }

Changes for: loop of Henle

Changes for: bile canaliculus

Changes for: intralobular bile duct

Changes for: strand of wool

Changes for: portal triad

Changes for: pubis

Changes for: ilium

Changes for: pelvic girdle region

Changes for: femoral nerve

Changes for: pancreas

Changes for: phonic lip

  • Deleted
    • - phonic lip function notes When the lips snap together during click production, vibrations in the dorsal bursae are likely produced ISBM10:0120885522. Large and cornified in sperm whales
  • Added

Changes for: mucosa of urinary bladder

Changes for: baleen feeding system

Changes for: air sac

Changes for: red pulp of spleen

  • Deleted
    • - red pulp of spleen definition the parenchymatous tissue network of the spleen that consists of loose plates or cords (sinuses) infiltrated with red blood cells where most of the blood filtration occurs and degenerate erythrocytes are removed from the circulation { database cross reference=MP:0002356,MGI:csmith }
  • Added

Changes for: marginal zone of spleen

Changes for: wall of urinary bladder

Changes for: trigone of urinary bladder

Changes for: spleen lymphoid follicle

Changes for: nucleus of solitary tract

Changes for: crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine

Changes for: lunge feeding vibrissa

Changes for: internal anal sphincter

Changes for: anterior process of vomer

Changes for: paraaortic body

Changes for: renal straight tubule

Changes for: adrenal cortex

Changes for: adrenal medulla

Changes for: glomerular capsule

Changes for: nephron tubule

Changes for: collecting duct of renal tubule

Changes for: renal corpuscle

Changes for: renal papilla

Changes for: renal pelvis

Changes for: cortex of kidney

Changes for: gastroepiploic artery

Changes for: jejunal vein

Changes for: typhlosole

Changes for: Peyer’s patch

Changes for: intestinal villus

  • Deleted
    • - intestinal villus definition the tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold { database cross reference=MP:0008108,MGI:csmith,MGI:rbabiuk }
  • Added

Changes for: muscularis mucosae of stomach

Changes for: serosa of stomach

Changes for: submucosa of stomach

Changes for: scolex

Changes for: statoacoustic epithelium

Changes for: eyelid nerve

Changes for: nerve of trunk region

Changes for: post-embryonic organism

Changes for: neurogenic placode

Changes for: vomeronasal system

Changes for: lateral gland of orbital region

Changes for: gland of ocular region

Changes for: bony part of hard palate

Changes for: metapterygial axis

Changes for: vomeronasal nerve

Changes for: lateral line placode

Changes for: right atrium endocardium

Changes for: myocoele

Changes for: ammocoete

Changes for: vestibulocochlear ganglion

Changes for: vestibular ganglion

Changes for: macula lutea proper

Changes for: stratum zonale of thalamus

Changes for: brain blood vessel

Changes for: shoulder bone

  • Deleted
    • - shoulder bone definition A bone that is connected via a shoulder joint (i.e. glenohumeral or acromioclavicular joints). The shoulder bones are the clavicle, scapula and humerus - but note that these are only considered to be shoulder bones when a true shoulder is present, as in most tetrapods. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • Added

Changes for: caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus

Changes for: meningeal artery

Changes for: thoracic cavity artery

Changes for: ventral nucleus of trapezoid body

Changes for: small intestine Peyer’s patch

Changes for: vestibular aqueduct

Changes for: metatarsus skeleton

Changes for: reticular formation

Changes for: pedal digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: pedal digit 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: spiral sulcus

Changes for: pedal digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: cerumen gland

Changes for: hyponychium

Changes for: stria vascularis of cochlear duct

Changes for: third ventricle

Changes for: telencephalic ventricle

Changes for: scala media

Changes for: biliary system

Changes for: cerumen

Changes for: manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: alveolus of lung

Changes for: brainstem

Changes for: manual digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: manual digit 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: manual digit 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: manual digit 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: pedal digit 1 mesenchyme

Changes for: pedal digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 1 mesenchyme

Changes for: pedal digit 4 metatarsal cartilage element

Changes for: supraorbital gland

Changes for: sebaceous gland of eyelid

Changes for: pedal digit 2 metatarsal cartilage element

Changes for: pedal digit 3 metatarsal cartilage element

Changes for: pedal digit 1 metatarsal cartilage element

Changes for: pedal digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: pedal digit 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: diaphragm

Changes for: costal cartilage

Changes for: head of rib

Changes for: pedal digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: pedal digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: pedal digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: pedal digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: pedal digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: clavicle bone

Changes for: uterine horn

Changes for: manual digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: manual digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: manual digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: manual digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: intercostal muscle

Changes for: nucleus pulposus

Changes for: spinal cord

Changes for: manual digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: lobe of thyroid gland

Changes for: manual digit 3 metacarpus cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 4 metacarpus cartilage element

Changes for: splenius

Changes for: popliteal artery

Changes for: vertebral foramen

Changes for: olfactory tract

Changes for: vertebral column

Changes for: parathyroid gland

Changes for: smooth muscle tissue

Changes for: skeletal muscle tissue

Changes for: olfactory organ

Changes for: anterior limb of parapophysis 4

Changes for: meibum

Changes for: renal vein

Changes for: exocrine gland of integumental system

Changes for: suprarenal vein

Changes for: median nerve

Changes for: root of olfactory nerve

Changes for: hepatic vein

Changes for: testicular vein

Changes for: manubrium of sternum

Changes for: osteon

Changes for: nose epithelium

Changes for: epithelium of external nose

Changes for: musculoskeletal system

Changes for: colon

Changes for: cystic duct

Changes for: subfornical organ

Changes for: nerve root

Changes for: pyloric antrum

  • Deleted
    • - pyloric antrum definition the area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells { database cross reference=MP:0010790,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added

Changes for: pylorus

Changes for: wall of stomach

Changes for: macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth

  • Deleted
    • - macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth definition the neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the inferolateral wall of the utricle; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their bodies; normally sensitive to linear acceleration in the longitudinal axis of the body and to gravitational influences { database cross reference=MP:0004333,MGI:anna }
  • Added

Changes for: macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth

Changes for: rib

Changes for: hepatic acinus

Changes for: lobe of lacrimal gland

Changes for: common bile duct

Changes for: perichondrium

Changes for: common hepatic duct

Changes for: endolymphatic sac

Changes for: visceral peritoneum

Changes for: basilar membrane of cochlea

Changes for: peritoneal cavity

Changes for: meningeal dura mater

Changes for: testicular artery

Changes for: superior mesenteric artery

Changes for: renal artery

Changes for: inferior mesenteric artery

Changes for: male paramesonephric duct

Changes for: prosomere

Changes for: midbrain neuromere

Changes for: spinal neuromere

Changes for: lateral palpebral artery

Changes for: embryonic urethral groove

Changes for: splenic artery

Changes for: hepatic artery

Changes for: left gastric artery

Changes for: microcirculatory vessel

Changes for: musculature of pelvic complex

Changes for: musculature of pectoral complex

Changes for: strand of guard hair

Changes for: nuchal line attachment site

Changes for: pulmonary alveolar duct

Changes for: terminal bronchiole

Changes for: bronchiole

Changes for: bronchus

Changes for: internal naris

Changes for: lateral reticular nucleus

Changes for: fastigial nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - fastigial nucleus definition the most medial of the cerebellar nuclei; it receives its afferent input from Purkinje cells of the flocculonodular lobe and the vermis, and most of its efferent connections travel via the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the vestibular nuclei and to the medullary reticular formation { database cross reference=MP:0009983,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added
    • + fastigial nucleus definition the most medial of the cerebellar nuclei; it receives its afferent input from Purkinje cells of the flocculonodular lobe and the vermis, and most of its efferent connections travel via the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the vestibular nuclei and to the medullary reticular formation { database cross reference=ISBN:0-683-40008-8 , database cross reference=MP:0009983 }

Changes for: flat bone

  • Deleted
    • - flat bone comment Examples: cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula; the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs
  • Added
    • + flat bone comment Examples: cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula; the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs

Changes for: middle cerebellar peduncle

  • Deleted
    • - middle cerebellar peduncle definition Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the pons, consisting of a very large bundle of fibers originating in the pontine nuclei projecting to the cerebellum (MM). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1529 }
  • Added
    • + middle cerebellar peduncle definition Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the pons, consisting of a very large bundle of fibers originating in the pontine nuclei projecting to the cerebellum (MM). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1529 }

Changes for: spleen B cell corona

Changes for: lymph node follicular corona

Changes for: endocardium

Changes for: inferior cerebellar peduncle

  • Deleted
    • - inferior cerebellar peduncle definition Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the open medulla, consisting of a large bundle of fibers projecting to and projecting from the cerebellum. The icp is continuous with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and also contains a large number of fibers originating in the inferior olivary complex (MM). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1691 }
  • Added
    • + inferior cerebellar peduncle definition Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the open medulla, consisting of a large bundle of fibers projecting to and projecting from the cerebellum. The icp is continuous with the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and also contains a large number of fibers originating in the inferior olivary complex (MM). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1691 }

Changes for: area postrema

Changes for: vibrissa follicle

Changes for: cerebellar nuclear complex

Changes for: anterior lobe of cerebellum

Changes for: vas deferens

Changes for: dentate nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - dentate nucleus definition the largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellum nuclei; it receives axons of Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere (neocerebellum) and receives its afferents from the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex through the pontocerebellar system, and its efferents project through the superior cerebellar peduncle and is a major source of its fibers { database cross reference=MP:0009980,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added
    • + dentate nucleus definition the largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellum nuclei; it receives axons of Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellar hemisphere (neocerebellum) and receives its afferents from the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex through the pontocerebellar system, and its efferents project through the superior cerebellar peduncle and is a major source of its fibers { database cross reference=ISBN:0-683-40008-8 , database cross reference=MP:0009980 }

Changes for: atrioventricular valve

Changes for: tricuspid valve

Changes for: mitral valve

Changes for: respiratory system

Changes for: skin epidermis

Changes for: aortic valve

Changes for: renal system

Changes for: digestive system

Changes for: cartilaginous vertebral centrum

Changes for: pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus

Changes for: hemolymph

Changes for: locus ceruleus

Changes for: adipose tissue

Changes for: nervous system

Changes for: pulmonary valve

Changes for: reticulotegmental nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - reticulotegmental nucleus definition The tegmental pontine reticular nucleus (or pontine reticular nucleus of the tegmentum) is an area within the floor of the midbrain. This area is known to affect the cerebellum with its axonal projections. These efferent connections have been proven to project not only ipsilaterally, but also to decussate and project to the contralateral side of the vermis. It has also been shown that the projections from the tegmenti pontis to the cerebellar lobes are only crossed fibers. The n.r. tegmenti pontis also receives afferent axons from the cerebellum. This nucleus is known for its large amount of multipolar cells and its particularly reticular structure. The n.r. tegmenti pontis is topographically related to pontine nuclei (non-reticular), being just dorsal to them. The nucleus reticularis has been known to mediate eye movements, otherwise known as so-called saccadic movement. This makes sense concerning their connections as it would require a nucleus which receives and projects to the cerebellum to mediate that kind of complex circuitry. Also, behaviorally this makes sense as no one thinks about saccadic movements when scanning a room and the saccadic movements are not directly controlled by the cortex. The nuclei of the cerebellum are the most traditionally studied mostly because it is easy to see which nuclei degrade when the cerebellum is amputated. The neurons of the lateral reticular formation are very important for reflexes and the mediation of posture. It has been shown in cats that electrical stimulation of the reticular formation can make a standing cat lie down. Conversely if the cat is stimulated in an alternate spot it can make a lying cat stand. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegmental_pontine_reticular_nucleus,Wikipedia:Tegmental_pontine_reticular_nucleus }
  • Added
    • + reticulotegmental nucleus definition The tegmental pontine reticular nucleus (or pontine reticular nucleus of the tegmentum) is an area within the floor of the midbrain. This area is known to affect the cerebellum with its axonal projections. These efferent connections have been proven to project not only ipsilaterally, but also to decussate and project to the contralateral side of the vermis. It has also been shown that the projections from the tegmenti pontis to the cerebellar lobes are only crossed fibers. The n.r. tegmenti pontis also receives afferent axons from the cerebellum. This nucleus is known for its large amount of multipolar cells and its particularly reticular structure. The n.r. tegmenti pontis is topographically related to pontine nuclei (non-reticular), being just dorsal to them. The nucleus reticularis has been known to mediate eye movements, otherwise known as so-called saccadic movement. This makes sense concerning their connections as it would require a nucleus which receives and projects to the cerebellum to mediate that kind of complex circuitry. Also, behaviorally this makes sense as no one thinks about saccadic movements when scanning a room and the saccadic movements are not directly controlled by the cortex. The nuclei of the cerebellum are the most traditionally studied mostly because it is easy to see which nuclei degrade when the cerebellum is amputated. The neurons of the lateral reticular formation are very important for reflexes and the mediation of posture. It has been shown in cats that electrical stimulation of the reticular formation can make a standing cat lie down. Conversely if the cat is stimulated in an alternate spot it can make a lying cat stand. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegmental_pontine_reticular_nucleus }

Changes for: central nervous system

Changes for: kidney

Changes for: jejunum

Changes for: ileum

Changes for: gall bladder

Changes for: basis pontis

Changes for: thymus lobule

Changes for: cortex of thymus

Changes for: cerebellar cortex

Changes for: superior olivary complex

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4

Changes for: nail plate

Changes for: saliva-secreting gland

Changes for: pole of lens

Changes for: hindgut

  • Deleted
    • - hindgut definition The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
    • - hindgut editor note Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - UBERONREF:0000002). We may explicitly make this a developmental class
  • Added

Changes for: chin

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 2

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 1

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 4

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 3

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 5

Changes for: spleen

Changes for: liver

Changes for: pair of nares

Changes for: skin of anterior chest

Changes for: Malpighian tubule

Changes for: hindlimb

Changes for: forelimb

Changes for: corpus allatum

Changes for: mushroom body

Changes for: chorioretinal region

Changes for: rectum

Changes for: skin epithelium

Changes for: neuromuscular junction

Changes for: nervous system commissure

Changes for: nerve

Changes for: pedal digit 7 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: pedal digit 8 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: strand of hair

Changes for: dento-alveolar joint

Changes for: sheath of Schwann

Changes for: megalopa stage

Changes for: epicardium of ventricle

Changes for: sweat

Changes for: urine

Changes for: brain marginal zone

Changes for: epidermis suprabasal layer

Changes for: vertebral bone 1

Changes for: calcareous tooth

Changes for: synovial fluid

Changes for: caudal vertebra

Changes for: sacral vertebra

Changes for: vertebral bone 2

Changes for: axillary lymph node

Changes for: flocculus

Changes for: ventral pancreatic duct

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Changes for: skeletal muscle organ

Changes for: posterior vena cava

Changes for: external carotid artery

Changes for: pedicle of vertebra

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Changes for: bony vertebral centrum

Changes for: blood-testis barrier

Changes for: echinoderm pyloric cecum

Changes for: cerebellopontine angle

Changes for: feather rachis

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + feather rachis definition The long solid, tubular extension of the calamus above the skin. The rachis contains pith, which is composed of air-filled keratinised epithelial cells surrounded by a solid keratinised outer cortex. { database cross reference=[https://en.wikivet.net/Feather_-Anatomy%26Physiology](https://en.wikivet.net/Feather-Anatomy%26_Physiology) }

Changes for: feather vane

Changes for: feather calamus

  • Deleted
    • - feather calamus SubClassOf part of some feather
    • - feather calamus definition The hollow basal portion of a feather below the vane[BTO]. At the base of the feather, the rachis expands to form the hollow tubular calamus (or quill) which inserts into a follicle in the skin. The basal part of the calamus is without vanes. This part is embedded within the skin follicle and has an opening at the base (proximal umbilicus) and a small opening on the side (distal umbilicus)[WP]. { database cross reference=BTO:0001608 }
  • Added

Changes for: down feather

Changes for: cerebral cortex marginal layer

Changes for: periodontal ligament

Changes for: styliform cartilage

Changes for: lymph node primary follicle

Changes for: lymphocyte domain

Changes for: ascending process of the parasphenoid

Changes for: enteric nerve

Changes for: basal process of palatoquadrate

Changes for: anterior limb of ceratobranchial 5 bone

Changes for: ascending process of palatoquadrate

Changes for: ascending limb of ceratobranchial 5 bone

Changes for: antorbital process

Changes for: anterolateral process of frontoparietal

Changes for: forehead

Changes for: anterior ramus of pterygoid

Changes for: anterior process of pars palatina of maxilla

Changes for: angulosplenial coronoid process

Changes for: alary process of premaxilla

Changes for: subiculum

  • Deleted
    • - subiculum definition Part of the hippocampal formation that is bounded by the entorhinal cortex and area CA1. It is characterized on the CA1 border by an abrupt widening of the pyramidal cell layer. A molecular layer is present that is continuous with that of CA1, although the stratum radiatum is no longer present. The stratum oriens is also not present. adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 468) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1305 }
  • Added
    • + subiculum definition Part of the hippocampal formation that is bounded by the entorhinal cortex and area CA1. It is characterized on the CA1 border by an abrupt widening of the pyramidal cell layer. A molecular layer is present that is continuous with that of CA1, although the stratum radiatum is no longer present. The stratum oriens is also not present. adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 468) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1305 }

Changes for: hemolymphoid system

Changes for: orbitosphenoid

Changes for: stylopod

Changes for: zeugopod

Changes for: zygosphene

Changes for: internal surface of cranial base

Changes for: coronal suture

Changes for: tooth cavity

Changes for: glottis

Changes for: trabecular bone tissue

Changes for: bone marrow cavity

Changes for: bone tissue

Changes for: pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme

Changes for: papillary muscle of heart

Changes for: long bone

Changes for: acromion

Changes for: deltopectoral crest

Changes for: frontal suture

Changes for: lambdoid suture

Changes for: sagittal suture

Changes for: uterine artery

Changes for: pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest

Changes for: arch of centrum of vertebra

Changes for: non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Changes for: ascending process of clavicle

Changes for: external occipital protuberance

Changes for: cervical fascia

Changes for: pubic peduncle

Changes for: pleural cavity

Changes for: puboischiotibialis muscle

Changes for: parietal serous pericardium

Changes for: pericardium

Changes for: internal intercostal muscle

Changes for: immune system

Changes for: vertebra

Changes for: cervical vertebra

Changes for: autonomic nervous system

Changes for: clitoris

Changes for: integumental system

Changes for: tail

Changes for: lumbar vertebra

Changes for: puboischiadic bar

Changes for: cartilage tissue

Changes for: fourth ventricle

Changes for: hepatobiliary system

Changes for: CA1 stratum oriens

  • Deleted
    • - CA1 stratum oriens definition Part of stratum oriens lying in area CA1, superficial to the alveus of CA1 and deep to the pyramidal cell layer of CA1. It is continuous with the stratum oriens of CA2 and bounded by the subiculum { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_4116 }
  • Added
    • + CA1 stratum oriens definition Part of stratum oriens lying in area CA1, superficial to the alveus of CA1 and deep to the pyramidal cell layer of CA1. It is continuous with the stratum oriens of CA2 and bounded by the subiculum { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_4116 }

Changes for: CA1 stratum radiatum

  • Deleted
    • - CA1 stratum radiatum definition Part of stratum radiatum lying in area CA1, superficial to the CA1 pyramidal cell layer and deep to the CA1 stratum lucidum-moleculare, continuous with the stratum radiatum of CA2 and bounded by the subiculum. It contains the Schaffer collateral projection from CA3. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_4119 }
  • Added
    • + CA1 stratum radiatum definition Part of stratum radiatum lying in area CA1, superficial to the CA1 pyramidal cell layer and deep to the CA1 stratum lucidum-moleculare, continuous with the stratum radiatum of CA2 and bounded by the subiculum. It contains the Schaffer collateral projection from CA3. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_4119 }

Changes for: CA2 stratum radiatum

  • Deleted
  • Added

Changes for: CA3 stratum radiatum

Changes for: distal sesamoid impar ligament

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 3

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 5

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of digit 3

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 3

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 4

Changes for: pituitary stalk

Changes for: pars intermedia of adenohypophysis

Changes for: obsolete pars anterior

Changes for: myenteric nerve plexus

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 2

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 1

Changes for: lens fiber

Changes for: ulnare

Changes for: cervicothoracic ganglion

Changes for: white matter of the cerebellar cortex

Changes for: ethmoid sinus

Changes for: decidua

Changes for: anterior abdominal wall muscle

Changes for: intestine secretion

Changes for: lymphoid system

Changes for: lamina of omasum

Changes for: celiac lymph node

Changes for: round window of inner ear

Changes for: oval window

Changes for: zygomatic arch

Changes for: sinus of von Szily

Changes for: prevertebral muscle of neck

Changes for: nasal concha of ethmoid bone

Changes for: ventral body wall

Changes for: axilla

Changes for: meningeal branch of spinal nerve

Changes for: communicating branch of spinal nerve

Changes for: dorsal body wall

Changes for: prevertebral ganglion

Changes for: styloid process of temporal bone

Changes for: peripheral lymph node

Changes for: caudal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: caudal vertebra cartilage element

Changes for: cervical vertebra 1 arcus anterior

Changes for: subdivision of oviduct

Changes for: Hassall’s corpuscle

Changes for: anterior buccal gland

Changes for: blood-air barrier

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 20

  • Deleted
    • - Brodmann (1909) area 20 definition Brodmann area 20, or BA20, is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. The region encompasses most of the ventral temporal cortex, a region believed to play a part in high-level visual processing and recognition memory. This area is also known as inferior temporal area 20, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the inferior temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the ectorhinal area 36 (H), laterally by the middle temporal area 21, rostrally by the temporopolar area 38 (H) and caudally by the occipitotemporal area 37 (H) (Brodmann-1909). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_20,Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_20 }
  • Added
    • + Brodmann (1909) area 20 definition Brodmann area 20, or BA20, is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. The region encompasses most of the ventral temporal cortex, a region believed to play a part in high-level visual processing and recognition memory. This area is also known as inferior temporal area 20, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the inferior temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the ectorhinal area 36 (H), laterally by the middle temporal area 21, rostrally by the temporopolar area 38 (H) and caudally by the occipitotemporal area 37 (H) (Brodmann-1909). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_20 }

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 19

  • Deleted
    • - Brodmann (1909) area 19 definition Brodmann area 19, or BA19, is part of the occipital lobe cortex in the human brain. Along with area 18, it comprises the extrastriate (or peristriate) cortex. In normally-sighted humans, extrastriate cortex is a visual association area, with feature-extracting, shape recognition, attentional, and multimodal integrating functions. This area is also known as peristriate area 19, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the lingual gyrus, the cuneus, the lateral occipital gyrus (H) and the superior occipital gyrus (H) of the occipital lobe where it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on one side by the parastriate area 18 which it surrounds. Rostrally it is bounded by the angular area 39 (H) and the occipitotemporal area 37 (H) (Brodmann-1909). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_19,Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_19 }
  • Added
    • + Brodmann (1909) area 19 definition Brodmann area 19, or BA19, is part of the occipital lobe cortex in the human brain. Along with area 18, it comprises the extrastriate (or peristriate) cortex. In normally-sighted humans, extrastriate cortex is a visual association area, with feature-extracting, shape recognition, attentional, and multimodal integrating functions. This area is also known as peristriate area 19, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the lingual gyrus, the cuneus, the lateral occipital gyrus (H) and the superior occipital gyrus (H) of the occipital lobe where it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on one side by the parastriate area 18 which it surrounds. Rostrally it is bounded by the angular area 39 (H) and the occipitotemporal area 37 (H) (Brodmann-1909). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_19 }

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 25

  • Deleted
    • - Brodmann (1909) area 25 definition Brodmann area 25 (BA25) is an area in the cerebral cortex of the brain and delineated based on its cytoarchitectonic characteristics. It is also called the subgenual area or area subgenualis. It is the 25th ‘Brodmann area’ defined by Korbinian Brodmann (thus its name). BA25 is located in the cingulate region as a narrow band in the caudal portion of the subcallosal area adjacent to the paraterminal gyrus. The posterior parolfactory sulcus separates the paraterminal gyrus from BA25. Rostrally it is bound by the prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_25,Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_25 }
  • Added
    • + Brodmann (1909) area 25 definition Brodmann area 25 (BA25) is an area in the cerebral cortex of the brain and delineated based on its cytoarchitectonic characteristics. It is also called the subgenual area or area subgenualis. It is the 25th ‘Brodmann area’ defined by Korbinian Brodmann (thus its name). BA25 is located in the cingulate region as a narrow band in the caudal portion of the subcallosal area adjacent to the paraterminal gyrus. The posterior parolfactory sulcus separates the paraterminal gyrus from BA25. Rostrally it is bound by the prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_25 }

Changes for: bone marrow

Changes for: tonsil

Changes for: cricoid cartilage

Changes for: cranial muscle

Changes for: muscle of neck

Changes for: muscle of abdomen

Changes for: rete testis

Changes for: Bruch’s membrane

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 10

  • Deleted
    • - Brodmann (1909) area 10 definition Brodmann area 10, or BA10, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. BA10 encompasses the most anterior part of the frontal cortex, known as the frontopolar region. This area is believed to play a part in strategic processes involved in memory retrieval and executive function. This area is also called frontopolar area 10, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the most rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. In humans, on the medial aspect of the hemisphere it is bounded ventrally by the superior rostral sulcus (H). It does not extend as far as the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, caudally by the middle frontal area 46, and ventrally by the orbital area 47 and by the rostral area 12 or, in an early version of Brodmann’s cortical map (Brodmann-1909), the prefrontal Brodmann area 11-1909. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_10,Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_10 }
  • Added
    • + Brodmann (1909) area 10 definition Brodmann area 10, or BA10, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. BA10 encompasses the most anterior part of the frontal cortex, known as the frontopolar region. This area is believed to play a part in strategic processes involved in memory retrieval and executive function. This area is also called frontopolar area 10, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the most rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. In humans, on the medial aspect of the hemisphere it is bounded ventrally by the superior rostral sulcus (H). It does not extend as far as the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, caudally by the middle frontal area 46, and ventrally by the orbital area 47 and by the rostral area 12 or, in an early version of Brodmann’s cortical map (Brodmann-1909), the prefrontal Brodmann area 11-1909. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_10 }

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 14

Changes for: rectus abdominis muscle

Changes for: forelimb zeugopod

Changes for: pes

Changes for: ocular fundus

Changes for: connective tissue

Changes for: muscle tissue

Changes for: manual digit

Changes for: digestive tract epithelium

Changes for: conducting system of heart

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 4

Changes for: pelvis

Changes for: perineum

Changes for: serous pericardium

Changes for: sinoatrial node

Changes for: dorsal iliac process

Changes for: atrioventricular node

Changes for: atrioventricular bundle

Changes for: purkinje fiber

Changes for: granulation tissue

Changes for: meninx

Changes for: pia mater

Changes for: fibular crest

Changes for: pectoral flipper tubercle

Changes for: endocrine gland

Changes for: adrenal gland

Changes for: bulbo-urethral gland

Changes for: prostate gland

Changes for: iliac peduncle

Changes for: iliac peduncle of the pubis

Changes for: exocrine gland

Changes for: arachnoid mater

Changes for: dura mater

Changes for: bursa of Fabricius

Changes for: nictitating membrane

Changes for: arthropod fat body

Changes for: chitinous tooth

Changes for: prepubic element

Changes for: ectocondylar tubercle

Changes for: internal trochanter

Changes for: vomer

Changes for: cnemial crest

Changes for: talus

Changes for: manus

Changes for: maxilla

Changes for: nasolacrimal duct

Changes for: bile duct

Changes for: hematopoietic system

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 43

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + Brodmann (1909) area 43 definition Brodmann area 43 is a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. It was described (but not labeled) on the map of cortical areas in Brodmann-1909, and it was regarded as cytoarchitecturally homologous to area 30 of Mauss in 1908 in the guenon and subcentral area 43 of the human (Brodmann-1909). The Vogts found no distinctive architectonic area of the corresponding location in the guenon (Vogts-1919). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_43 }

Changes for: bicipital crest

Changes for: ventral humeral ridge

Changes for: ectepicondylar flange

Changes for: preacetabular process

Changes for: calcaneal tuber

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of digit 5

Changes for: lateral tuber of ulna

Changes for: postbranchial lamina

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of digit 4

Changes for: layer of neocortex

Changes for: myocardium of atrium

Changes for: juxtaglomerular apparatus

Changes for: layer of dentate gyrus

Changes for: adductor crest

Changes for: nasal mucus

  • Added
    • + nasal mucus function notes protects the olfactory epithelium and allows odors to dissolve so that they can be detected by olfactory receptor neurons

Changes for: adductor blade

Changes for: supraglenoid buttress

Changes for: ascending process of the astragalus

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 4

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of manural digit 5

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 2

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of digit 2

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 2

Changes for: postpubis

Changes for: umbilical cord

Changes for: corpus callosum

  • Deleted
    • - corpus callosum definition White matter structure containing massive numbers of commissural fibers connecting cortical areas in the two cerebral hemispheres.it is subdivided into a genu, a rostrum, a body, and a splenium. (MM) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1087 }
  • Added
    • + corpus callosum definition White matter structure containing massive numbers of commissural fibers connecting cortical areas in the two cerebral hemispheres.it is subdivided into a genu, a rostrum, a body, and a splenium. (MM) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1087 }

Changes for: submandibular duct

Changes for: pulmonary trunk

Changes for: thoracic vertebra

Changes for: epicardium

Changes for: myocardium

Changes for: extraglomerular mesangium

Changes for: notochord

Changes for: somite

Changes for: striated duct of salivary gland

Changes for: costal plate of carapace

Changes for: hypothenar eminence

Changes for: pair of dorsal aortae

  • Deleted
    • - pair of dorsal aortae definition the paired arterial structures of the embryo that supplies each developing somite via efferent segmental arteries; the dorsal aortae articulate with the umbilical arteries, which return mixed blood to the villi of the chorion for reoxygenation { database cross reference=MP:0004787,ISBN:0-914294-08-3 }
  • Added

Changes for: proximal mesopodial endochondral element

Changes for: distal limb integumentary appendage

Changes for: skeletal muscle tissue of trunk

Changes for: stroma

Changes for: intraembryonic coelom

Changes for: male urethral gland

Changes for: extraembryonic coelom

Changes for: fallopian tube

Changes for: hippocampal field

Changes for: skin mucus

Changes for: parietomastoid suture

Changes for: inner lining mucosa of the abomasum

Changes for: pedal digit 4 phalanx

Changes for: pedal digit 5 phalanx

Changes for: eyebrow

Changes for: post-anal tail tip

Changes for: coat of hair

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2

Changes for: neuroendocrine gland

Changes for: sensory circumventricular organ

Changes for: secretory circumventricular organ

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5

Changes for: paraurethral gland

  • Deleted
    • - paraurethral gland definition the numerous mucous-secreting glands found in several female mammalian species (including rodents and humans) on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra, and possessing a common paraurethral duct which opens (on each side) near the external urethral orifice; they are homologous with the prostate gland in males, have highly variable anatomy, and are believed to be the source of the female ejaculate, a lubricating fluid with a similar consistency to male prostatic fluid that is expelled through the urethra during sexual stimulation; like the male prostate, these glands are susceptible to infection (skenitis), cyst development, and cancer { database cross reference=MP:0011793,MGI:anna }
  • Added
    • + paraurethral gland definition the numerous mucous-secreting glands found in several female mammalian species (including rodents and humans) on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra, and possessing a common paraurethral duct which opens (on each side) near the external urethral orifice; they are homologous with the prostate gland in males, have highly variable anatomy, and are believed to be the source of the female ejaculate, a lubricating fluid with a similar consistency to male prostatic fluid that is expelled through the urethra during sexual stimulation; like the male prostate, these glands are susceptible to infection (skenitis), cyst development, and cancer { database cross reference=MGI:anna , database cross reference=MP:0011793 }

Changes for: seminal vesicle fluid

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3

Changes for: psoas muscle

Changes for: abomasum

Changes for: proventriculus

Changes for: cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube

Changes for: sputum

Changes for: saphenous vein

Changes for: ischial cartilage

Changes for: proximale tubular epithelium

  • Deleted
    • - proximale tubular epithelium definition The cells lining the proximal tubule are cuboidal epithelial cells with deep basal membrane invaginations that provide a large basal surface area. The long microvilli (the brush border) lining the tubule lumen, maximize luminal surface area and make these cells ideally suited for both reabsorptive and secretory functions. { database cross reference=Renal_Physiology:Section_7,_Chapter_3 }
  • Added
    • + proximale tubular epithelium definition The cells lining the proximal tubule are cuboidal epithelial cells with deep basal membrane invaginations that provide a large basal surface area. The long microvilli (the brush border) lining the tubule lumen, maximize luminal surface area and make these cells ideally suited for both reabsorptive and secretory functions. { database cross reference=Renal_Physiology:Section_7 , database cross reference=_Chapter_3 }

Changes for: ruminant stomach

Changes for: rumen

Changes for: reticulorumen

Changes for: omasum

Changes for: ruminant reticulum

Changes for: superior surface of tongue

Changes for: inferior surface of tongue

Changes for: intertarsal joint

Changes for: bulbo-ventricular groove

Changes for: rhombic lip

  • Deleted
    • - rhombic lip definition the posterior section of the developing metencephalon recognized transiently within the vertebrate embryo; the rhombic lip extends posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cell and can be divided into eight structural units based on rhombomeres 1-8 (r1-r8), recognized at early stages of hindbrain development; producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar neural system { database cross reference=MP:0012525,MGI:anna }
  • Added
    • + rhombic lip definition the posterior section of the developing metencephalon recognized transiently within the vertebrate embryo; the rhombic lip extends posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cell and can be divided into eight structural units based on rhombomeres 1-8 (r1-r8), recognized at early stages of hindbrain development; producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar neural system { database cross reference=MGI:anna , database cross reference=MP:0012525 }

Changes for: spleen germinal center

Changes for: iliac pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: renal medulla collecting duct

Changes for: ischial pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: parenchyma of central nervous system

Changes for: pubic pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: otic pit

Changes for: granulosa cell layer

Changes for: hepatic duct

  • Deleted
    • - hepatic duct definition Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • Added

Changes for: tooth enamel organ

  • Deleted
    • - tooth enamel organ comment revised.Development notes: NOT develeops_from NC[UBERONREF:0000002]. Alternate definitioon: A cellular aggregation seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies above a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called the odontogenic papilla. Historically, enamel organ has been the term to describe this structure, but it was attempted unsuccessfully in recent years to change the name to dental organ in order to better represent its multiple functions apart from enamel formation
  • Added
    • + tooth enamel organ comment revised.Development notes: NOT develeops_from NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest]. Alternate definitioon: A cellular aggregation seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies above a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called the odontogenic papilla. Historically, enamel organ has been the term to describe this structure, but it was attempted unsuccessfully in recent years to change the name to dental organ in order to better represent its multiple functions apart from enamel formation

Changes for: renal interlobular vein

Changes for: late embryonic stage

Changes for: neonate stage

Changes for: late adult stage

Changes for: lateral vestibular nucleus

Changes for: pectoral appendage musculature

Changes for: pelvic appendage musculature

Changes for: appendage musculature

Changes for: dorsal artery of clitoris

Changes for: dorsal accessory inferior olivary nucleus

Changes for: nucleus of superior olivary complex

Changes for: nuclear complex of neuraxis

Changes for: lingual tonsil

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 36

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + Brodmann (1909) area 36 definition Ectorhinal area 36 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. With its medial boundary corresponding approximately to the rhinal sulcus it is located primarily in the fusiform gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded laterally and caudally by the inferior temporal area 20, medially by the perirhinal area 35 and rostrally by the temporopolar area 38 (H) (Brodmann-1909). Together with Brodmann area 35, it comprises the perirhinal cortex. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_36 }

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 35

Changes for: odontoid process of cervical vertebra 2

Changes for: beak

Changes for: hair follicle placode

Changes for: metanephric ureteric bud

Changes for: eggshell

Changes for: hemispheric lobule VIII

Changes for: gizzard

Changes for: primary nerve cord

Changes for: primary dorsal nerve cord

Changes for: median dorsal digital artery for digit 1

Changes for: lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 5

Changes for: germinal neuroepithelium

Changes for: feather barbule

Changes for: feather barb

Changes for: baroreceptor

Changes for: vena cava

Changes for: ocular region

Changes for: mucosa of nasal septum

Changes for: brain ventricle

Changes for: cerebellum vermis lobule IX

Changes for: biliary ductule

Changes for: alveolar ridge

Changes for: muscle of auditory ossicle

Changes for: anatomical conduit

Changes for: genitourinary system

Changes for: myocardial layer

Changes for: chorionic villus

Changes for: vernix caseosa

Changes for: venom

Changes for: skin nerve field

Changes for: trunk ganglion

Changes for: embryonic post-anal tail

Changes for: mitral valve leaflet

Changes for: superior epigastric artery

Changes for: superior thyroid vein

Changes for: inferior thyroid vein

  • Deleted
    • - inferior thyroid vein definition The inferior thyroid veins two, frequently three or four, in number, arise in the venous plexus on the thyroid gland, communicating with the middle and superior thyroid veins. They form a plexus in front of the trachea, behind the Sternothyreoidei. From this plexus, a left vein descends and joins the left innominate trunk, and a right vein passes obliquely downward and to the right across the innominate artery to open into the right innominate vein, just at its junction with the superior vena cava; sometimes the right and left veins open by a common trunk in the latter situation. These veins receive esophageal tracheal, and inferior laryngeal veins, and are provided with valves at their terminations in the innominate veins. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_thyroid_veins,Wikipedia:Inferior_thyroid_veins }
  • Added
    • + inferior thyroid vein definition The inferior thyroid veins two, frequently three or four, in number, arise in the venous plexus on the thyroid gland, communicating with the middle and superior thyroid veins. They form a plexus in front of the trachea, behind the Sternothyreoidei. From this plexus, a left vein descends and joins the left innominate trunk, and a right vein passes obliquely downward and to the right across the innominate artery to open into the right innominate vein, just at its junction with the superior vena cava; sometimes the right and left veins open by a common trunk in the latter situation. These veins receive esophageal tracheal, and inferior laryngeal veins, and are provided with valves at their terminations in the innominate veins. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_thyroid_veins }

Changes for: basisphenoid bone

  • Deleted
    • - basisphenoid bone definition part of the base of the cranium between the basioccipital and the presphenoid, which usually ossifies separately in the embryo or in the young, and becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult; in many animals it persists as a separate bone between the basioccipital bone and the presphenoidal bone { database cross reference=MP:0000106,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added
    • + basisphenoid bone definition part of the base of the cranium between the basioccipital and the presphenoid, which usually ossifies separately in the embryo or in the young, and becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult; in many animals it persists as a separate bone between the basioccipital bone and the presphenoidal bone { database cross reference=ISBN:0-683-40008-8 , database cross reference=MP:0000106 }

Changes for: proximal radio-ulnar joint

Changes for: distal radio-ulnar joint

Changes for: angle of scapula

Changes for: lateral border of scapula

  • Deleted
    • - lateral border of scapula definition The lateral border (or axillary border, or margin) is the thickest of the three borders of the scapula. It begins above at the lower margin of the glenoid cavity, and inclines obliquely downward and backward to the inferior angle. Immediately below the glenoid cavity is a rough impression, the infraglenoid tuberosity, about 2.5 cm. in length, which gives origin to the long head of the Triceps brachii; in front of this is a longitudinal groove, which extends as far as the lower third of this border, and affords origin to part of the Subscapularis. The inferior third is thin and sharp, and serves for the attachment of a few fibers of the Teres major behind, and of the Subscapularis in front. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_border_of_the_scapula,Wikipedia:Lateral_border_of_the_scapula }
  • Added
    • + lateral border of scapula definition The lateral border (or axillary border, or margin) is the thickest of the three borders of the scapula. It begins above at the lower margin of the glenoid cavity, and inclines obliquely downward and backward to the inferior angle. Immediately below the glenoid cavity is a rough impression, the infraglenoid tuberosity, about 2.5 cm. in length, which gives origin to the long head of the Triceps brachii; in front of this is a longitudinal groove, which extends as far as the lower third of this border, and affords origin to part of the Subscapularis. The inferior third is thin and sharp, and serves for the attachment of a few fibers of the Teres major behind, and of the Subscapularis in front. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_border_of_the_scapula }

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 52

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 44

  • Deleted
    • - Brodmann (1909) area 44 definition Brodmann area 44, or BA44, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to premotor cortex and on the lateral surface, inferior to BA9. This area is also known as pars opercularis (of the inferior frontal gyrus), and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (H). Thus, it is bounded caudally by the inferior precentral sulcus (H) and rostrally by the anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus (H). It surrounds the diagonal sulcus (H). In the depth of the lateral sulcus it borders on the insula. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally and dorsally by the agranular frontal area 6, dorsally by the granular frontal area 9 and rostrally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_44,Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_44 }
  • Added
    • + Brodmann (1909) area 44 definition Brodmann area 44, or BA44, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to premotor cortex and on the lateral surface, inferior to BA9. This area is also known as pars opercularis (of the inferior frontal gyrus), and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (H). Thus, it is bounded caudally by the inferior precentral sulcus (H) and rostrally by the anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus (H). It surrounds the diagonal sulcus (H). In the depth of the lateral sulcus it borders on the insula. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally and dorsally by the agranular frontal area 6, dorsally by the granular frontal area 9 and rostrally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_44 }

Changes for: Brodmann (1909) area 38

  • Deleted
    • - Brodmann (1909) area 38 definition Brodmann area 38, also BA38 or temporopolar area 38 (H), is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. BA 38 is at the anterior end of the temporal lobe, known as the temporal pole. BA38 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located primarily in the most rostral portions of the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the inferior temporal area 20, the middle temporal area 21, the superior temporal area 22 and the ectorhinal area 36 (Brodmann-1909). Cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic studies find that it contains at least seven subareas, one of which, TG, is unique to humans. ‘The functional significance of this area TG is not known, but it may bind complex, highly processed perceptual inputs to visceral emotional responses.’ This area is among the earliest affected by Alzheimer’s disease and the earliest involved at the start of temporal lobe seizures. [ { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_38,Wikipedia:Brodmann_area_38 }
  • Added
    • + Brodmann (1909) area 38 definition Brodmann area 38, also BA38 or temporopolar area 38 (H), is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. BA 38 is at the anterior end of the temporal lobe, known as the temporal pole. BA38 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located primarily in the most rostral portions of the superior temporal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by the inferior temporal area 20, the middle temporal area 21, the superior temporal area 22 and the ectorhinal area 36 (Brodmann-1909). Cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic studies find that it contains at least seven subareas, one of which, TG, is unique to humans. ‘The functional significance of this area TG is not known, but it may bind complex, highly processed perceptual inputs to visceral emotional responses.’ This area is among the earliest affected by Alzheimer’s disease and the earliest involved at the start of temporal lobe seizures. [ { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_38 }

Changes for: interosseous muscle of pes

Changes for: os penis

Changes for: Harderian gland

Changes for: mammary gland cord

  • Deleted
    • - mammary gland cord definition The solid cord of epithelial cells that emerges from the mammary bud and grows down from the primary mammary mesenchyme and into a second stromal compartment, the fat pad precursor, beneath the dermis. { database cross reference=MP:0013725 }
  • Added
    • + mammary gland cord definition The solid cord of epithelial cells that emerges from the mammary bud and grows down from the primary mammary mesenchyme and into a second stromal compartment, the fat pad precursor, beneath the dermis. { database cross reference=MP:0013725 }

Changes for: aorta smooth muscle tissue

Changes for: anterior dorsomedial process of autopalatine

Changes for: cardiac vein

Changes for: cerebellar layer

Changes for: proximal tubule

Changes for: distal tubule

Changes for: blood vessel smooth muscle

Changes for: bone of dorsum

Changes for: glomerular capillary

Changes for: kidney pelvis smooth muscle

Changes for: cardiac septum

Changes for: zygomaticus minor muscle

  • Deleted
    • - zygomaticus minor muscle definition Facial muscle attached to the modiolus, corner (angle) of the mouth, and zygomatic bone. This muscle is ventral to the zygomaticus minor and dorsal to the platysma muscle. In many mammals this muscle also has an attachment to the cartilage of the external ear, in which case it is called the auriculolabialis inferior. See Diogo 2008; Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al.., 2011., also DuBrul, 1980. { database cross reference=MFMO:0000138 }
  • Added
    • + zygomaticus minor muscle definition Facial muscle attached to the modiolus, corner (angle) of the mouth, and zygomatic bone. This muscle is ventral to the zygomaticus minor and dorsal to the platysma muscle. In many mammals this muscle also has an attachment to the cartilage of the external ear, in which case it is called the auriculolabialis inferior. See Diogo 2008; Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al.., 2011., also DuBrul, 1980. { database cross reference=MFMO:0000138 }

Changes for: appendicular skeleton

Changes for: mesentery

Changes for: skin of body

Changes for: hair follicle

Changes for: viscus

Changes for: hair shaft

Changes for: lateral ethmoid palatine process

Changes for: basipterygoid process of parasphenoid

Changes for: atrioventricular canal

Changes for: interatrial septum

Changes for: heart left ventricle

Changes for: cardiac ventricle

Changes for: cardiac atrium

Changes for: heart right ventricle

Changes for: superficial parotid lymph node

Changes for: superficial lymph node

Changes for: deep lymph node

Changes for: cardiac mesoderm

Changes for: cranial midline area

Changes for: chin ventral margin

Changes for: collection of hairs on vertex

Changes for: midline crest

Changes for: left part of face

Changes for: forehead protuberance

Changes for: collection of hair on forehead

Changes for: external ear margin

Changes for: collection of hair on external ear

Changes for: nasal muscle

Changes for: piriformis muscle

Changes for: nose anterior margin

Changes for: nose vertex

Changes for: right part of face

Changes for: tip of snout

Changes for: skin of snout

Changes for: cluster of hairs

Changes for: tip of external ear

Changes for: top of head

Changes for: collection of hair on snout

Changes for: skin of face

Changes for: internal iliac lymph node

  • Deleted
    • - internal iliac lymph node definition The internal iliac lymph nodes (or hypogastric) surround the internal iliac artery and its branches (the hypogastric vessels), and receive the lymphatics corresponding to the distribution of the branches of it, i. e. , they receive lymphatics from all the pelvic viscera, from the deeper parts of the perineum, including the membranous and cavernous portions of the urethra, and from the buttock and back of the thigh. It does not receive lymph from the ovary, testis, or superior half of the rectum; the gonads drain to the paraaortic lymph nodes, while the superior half of the rectum drains to the pararectal lymph nodes. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_iliac_lymph_nodes,Wikipedia:Internal_iliac_lymph_nodes }
  • Added
    • + internal iliac lymph node definition The internal iliac lymph nodes (or hypogastric) surround the internal iliac artery and its branches (the hypogastric vessels), and receive the lymphatics corresponding to the distribution of the branches of it, i. e. , they receive lymphatics from all the pelvic viscera, from the deeper parts of the perineum, including the membranous and cavernous portions of the urethra, and from the buttock and back of the thigh. It does not receive lymph from the ovary, testis, or superior half of the rectum; the gonads drain to the paraaortic lymph nodes, while the superior half of the rectum drains to the pararectal lymph nodes. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_iliac_lymph_nodes }

Changes for: strand of vibrissa hair

Changes for: perihilar interstitium

Changes for: epigastric vein

Changes for: vasa hyaloidea propria

Changes for: heel

Changes for: epigastric artery

Changes for: anterior lingual gland

Changes for: nasal capsule

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + nasal capsule has exact synonym cartilaginous nasal capsule
    • + nasal capsule has narrow synonym tripartite nasal capsule { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25312359 }
    • + nasal capsule taxon notes by the process of folding of the cartilaginous nasal capsule during fetal development, outpouchings of the main nasal chamber become enlarged (primary pneumatization) (Witmer, 1999; Macrini, 2014). The resulting paranasal recesses may or may not expand farther into the bodies of facial and basicranial bones (secondary pneumatization). Histori- cally, the result of these processes, paranasal recesses and sinuses, respectively, have not always been distin- guished (see further discussion in Rossie, 2006). Yet, in either case the nasal fossa becomes subdivided into a central nasal chamber and more peripheral paranasal chambers (Smith et al., 2014; Curtis and Van Valken- burgh, 2014)[PMID:25312359]

Changes for: nucleus lateralis valvulae

Changes for: ocular refractive media

Changes for: chamber of eyeball

Changes for: bodily fluid

Changes for: truncus arteriosus

Changes for: femoral artery

Changes for: stratum granulosum of epidermis

Changes for: umbilical vein

Changes for: dermis

Changes for: zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland

Changes for: embryonic structure

Changes for: submandibular ganglion

Changes for: zona fasciculata of adrenal gland

Changes for: zona reticularis of adrenal gland

Changes for: bronchial artery

Changes for: lymphatic vessel endothelium

Changes for: thyroid gland

Changes for: lung

Changes for: nipple

Changes for: epithelium of bronchus

Changes for: arrector muscle of hair

Changes for: cerebellum

Changes for: stratum spinosum of epidermis

Changes for: stratum basale of epidermis

Changes for: skeleton

Changes for: hindbrain

Changes for: stratum corneum of epidermis

Changes for: gray matter

Changes for: synovial membrane of synovial joint

Changes for: accessory XI nerve

Changes for: portal vein

Changes for: pulmonary vein

Changes for: kidney capsule

Changes for: pulmonary artery

Changes for: celiac nerve plexus

Changes for: medulla of lymph node

Changes for: enteric nervous system

Changes for: epithelium of mammary gland

Changes for: epithelium of forearm

Changes for: skeleton of lower jaw

  • Deleted
    • - skeleton of lower jaw external ontology notes Inclusion of the FMA class ‘lower jaw’ is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with ‘maxillary part of mouth’ corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/mouse-anatomy-requests/88/ { external ontology=FMA }
  • Added
    • + skeleton of lower jaw external ontology notes Inclusion of the FMA class ‘lower jaw’ is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with ‘maxillary part of mouth’ corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: skeleton of upper jaw

Changes for: tooth of lower jaw

Changes for: tooth of upper jaw

Changes for: hard palate

Changes for: pharyngeal gill precursor

Changes for: fin

Changes for: distal phalanx

Changes for: middle phalanx

Changes for: proximal phalanx

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 3

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 2

Changes for: middle phalanx of pedal digit 2

Changes for: middle phalanx of pedal digit 3

Changes for: middle phalanx of pedal digit 4

Changes for: middle phalanx of pedal digit 5

Changes for: middle phalanx of manual digit 2

Changes for: middle phalanx of manual digit 3

Changes for: middle phalanx of manual digit 4

Changes for: middle phalanx of manual digit 5

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 5

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 4

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 3

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 1

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 2

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 4

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 5

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 2

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 3

Changes for: gubernaculum (male or female)

Changes for: transduate

Changes for: secondary tooth

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 5

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 5

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 1

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 1

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 4

Changes for: gyrus

Changes for: vitelline blood vessel

Changes for: ascitic fluid

Changes for: Descemet’s membrane

Changes for: vascular system

Changes for: pallium

Changes for: pharyngeal arch 1

Changes for: tetrapod frontal bone

Changes for: exudate

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pes

Changes for: vitelline vasculature

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 2

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 1

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 1

Changes for: distal epiphysis

Changes for: induseum griseum

  • Deleted
    • - induseum griseum definition Thin layer of cortex lying on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum. It has been debated whether it is more related to the hippocampus or the olfactory bulb (Shipley et al., Olfactory System In Paxinos The Rat Nervous System, 2nd ed) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_49940 }
  • Added
    • + induseum griseum definition Thin layer of cortex lying on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum. It has been debated whether it is more related to the hippocampus or the olfactory bulb (Shipley et al., Olfactory System In Paxinos The Rat Nervous System, 2nd ed) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_49940 }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 2

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 4

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 3

Changes for: life cycle

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 5

Changes for: proximal epiphysis

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 1

Changes for: upper respiratory conduit

Changes for: respiratory segment of nasal mucosa

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 2

Changes for: blastopore

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 4

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 3

Changes for: digit 6 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: digit 7 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: digit 8 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: organogenesis stage

Changes for: sexually immature stage

Changes for: post-juvenile adult stage

Changes for: lung connective tissue

  • Deleted
    • - lung connective tissue definition the connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin; it functions in the mechanical behavior of the lung, and forms a barrier to regulate the flow of plasma constituents from the capillaries to the airway and alveolar spaces { database cross reference=MP:0002276,ISBN:0-683-40008-8,MGI:anna,PMID:14635660 }
  • Added

Changes for: neurula stage

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 3

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2

Changes for: facial nucleus

Changes for: digit 6

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 1

Changes for: digit 8

Changes for: digit 7

Changes for: theca cell layer

Changes for: membranous layer

Changes for: dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus definition Small nucleus in the brainstem of human, located adjacent and medial to the nucleus prepositus in the dorsal medulla, described in several atlases of human brain stem. In transverse sections, it is oval with its long axis aligned with the dorsal border of the brainstem. It begins at about the same A-P level as the nucleus prepositus, just rostral to the hypoglossal nucleus. It includes calretinin immunoreactive large cells with oval or polygonal cell bodies. Cells are not immunoreactive for either calbindin or parvalbumin, but a few fibers immunoreactive to each protein are found within its central region. Cells in PMD are also immunoreactive to nNOS, and immunoreactivity to a neurofilament protein shows many labeled cells and fibers. According to Baizer et al., no equivalent structure was observed in the cat, rat, mouse or monkey atlas although they did not look at the brains of the great apes. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_143549 }
  • Added
    • + dorsal paramedian reticular nucleus definition Small nucleus in the brainstem of human, located adjacent and medial to the nucleus prepositus in the dorsal medulla, described in several atlases of human brain stem. In transverse sections, it is oval with its long axis aligned with the dorsal border of the brainstem. It begins at about the same A-P level as the nucleus prepositus, just rostral to the hypoglossal nucleus. It includes calretinin immunoreactive large cells with oval or polygonal cell bodies. Cells are not immunoreactive for either calbindin or parvalbumin, but a few fibers immunoreactive to each protein are found within its central region. Cells in PMD are also immunoreactive to nNOS, and immunoreactivity to a neurofilament protein shows many labeled cells and fibers. According to Baizer et al., no equivalent structure was observed in the cat, rat, mouse or monkey atlas although they did not look at the brains of the great apes. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_143549 }

Changes for: proximal-distal subdivision of colon

Changes for: mouth

Changes for: primitive urogenital sinus

Changes for: cloaca

Changes for: pair of lungs

Changes for: amniotic fluid

Changes for: excreta

Changes for: haemolymphatic fluid

Changes for: blood

Changes for: prostate gland dorsolateral lobe

Changes for: epithelium of terminal part of digestive tract

Changes for: muscle of terminal part of digestive tract

Changes for: roof plate of midbrain

Changes for: digit 6 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: gland of integumental system

Changes for: digit 8 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: digit 7 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: duct of epididymis

Changes for: neural tube derived brain

Changes for: prostomium

  • Deleted
    • - prostomium definition The first body segment in annelids worms. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, being usually a small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth. It sometimes bears antennae and eyes. By feeding, it often functions like a kind of overlip. The shape and composition of prostomium are important for annelid systematics. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostomium }
    • - prostomium function notes It sometimes bears antennae and eyes. It often functions like a kind of overlip when the animal is feeding. The shape and composition of prostomium are important for annelid systematics.
  • Added

Changes for: skeletal ligament

  • Deleted
    • - skeletal ligament editor note logical definition deliberately made strict to avoid classifying MA:spiral ligament as both nonskeletal and skeletal. see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=1205376
  • Added
    • + skeletal ligament editor note logical definition deliberately made strict to avoid classifying MA:spiral ligament as both nonskeletal and skeletal. see https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/71

Changes for: cranial suspensory ligament

Changes for: suspensory ligament

Changes for: digit 1 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: digit 2 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: smooth muscle of eye

Changes for: cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum

Changes for: posterior cranial fossa

Changes for: third trochanter

Changes for: digit 3 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: digit 5 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: digit 4 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: epaxial musculature

Changes for: hypaxial musculature

Changes for: cerebral artery

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 3

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 4

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 5

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 2

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 5

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 4

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 2

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 4

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 3

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 2

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1

Changes for: late embryo

Changes for: musculature of lower limb

Changes for: musculature of upper limb

Changes for: pancreatic juice

Changes for: gut wall

Changes for: musculature of limb

Changes for: musculature of manus

Changes for: musculature of perineum

Changes for: musculature of pes

Changes for: extensor muscle

  • Deleted
    • - extensor muscle definition A muscle that, upon contraction, tends to straighten a joint or limb. The antagonist of a flexor muscle[BTO]. Any of the muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward. The movement is usually directed backward, with the notable exception of the knee joint. In humans, certain muscles of the hand and foot are named for this function. In the hand these include the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi ulnaris, which run from the humerus (bone of the upper arm) along the back of the forearm to the metacarpal bones at the back of the hand[Britannica] { database cross reference=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/198909/extensor-muscle }
  • Added

Changes for: breast

Changes for: subarachnoid space

Changes for: cervical mucus

Changes for: musculature of pelvic girdle

Changes for: musculature of trunk

Changes for: musculature of larynx

Changes for: musculature of shoulder

Changes for: musculature of hip

Changes for: amnion

  • Deleted
    • - amnion definition the thin innermost layer of the extraembryonic membranes that contains the amniotic fluid; the membrane forms a closed sac in which the embryo and later, the fetus, is suspended and protected { database cross reference=MP:0005029,MGI:csmith }
  • Added

Changes for: esophageal sphincter

Changes for: musculature of neck

Changes for: set of muscles of vertebral column

Changes for: musculature of pharynx

Changes for: hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare

  • Deleted
    • - hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare definition Layer of the hippocampus lying just superficial to the stratum radiatum and bounded by the pial surface of the hippocampus. The fibers of the perforant pathway fibers from entorhinal cortex and several other brain areas terminate in this layer. Adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 460) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1359 }
  • Added
    • + hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare definition Layer of the hippocampus lying just superficial to the stratum radiatum and bounded by the pial surface of the hippocampus. The fibers of the perforant pathway fibers from entorhinal cortex and several other brain areas terminate in this layer. Adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 460) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1359 }

Changes for: carpal region

Changes for: body cavity or lining

Changes for: entire sense organ system

Changes for: pigment epithelium of eye

Changes for: comb and wattle

Changes for: septohippocampal nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - septohippocampal nucleus definition Part of septal nuclear complex. In the human, it refers to the most caudal of scattered clusters of neurons in the septum pellucidum that extend, on the underside of the corpus callosum, from the level of the medial septal nucleus to the CA fields ( Crosby-1962 ). In the rat it is associated with the lateral septal nucleus throughout its rostro-caudal course toward the CA fields ( Swanson-1998. Adapted from Brain Info. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_60880 }
  • Added
    • + septohippocampal nucleus definition Part of septal nuclear complex. In the human, it refers to the most caudal of scattered clusters of neurons in the septum pellucidum that extend, on the underside of the corpus callosum, from the level of the medial septal nucleus to the CA fields ( Crosby-1962 ). In the rat it is associated with the lateral septal nucleus throughout its rostro-caudal course toward the CA fields ( Swanson-1998. Adapted from Brain Info. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_60880 }

Changes for: hippocampus stratum lucidum

  • Deleted
    • - hippocampus stratum lucidum definition Layer of hippocampus area CA3 lying superficial to the pyramidal cell layer that contains mossy fiber axons projecting from the dentate gyrus. A slight thickening in this layer marks the border in some species between areas CA2 and CA3. dapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 460) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_4108 }
  • Added
    • + hippocampus stratum lucidum definition Layer of hippocampus area CA3 lying superficial to the pyramidal cell layer that contains mossy fiber axons projecting from the dentate gyrus. A slight thickening in this layer marks the border in some species between areas CA2 and CA3. dapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 460) { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_4108 }

Changes for: nucleus of trapezoid body

Changes for: skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus

Changes for: skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus

Changes for: cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum

Changes for: cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum

Changes for: tetrapod parietal bone

Changes for: ligament

Changes for: tibial artery

Changes for: limiting membrane of retina

Changes for: stylohyoid muscle

Changes for: alveolar ridge of mandible

Changes for: anatomical projection

Changes for: alveolar process of maxilla

Changes for: facial motor nucleus

  • Deleted
    • - facial motor nucleus definition Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the face. Some neurons that project to the cerebellum have also been identified in some species. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_903 }
  • Added
    • + facial motor nucleus definition Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the face. Some neurons that project to the cerebellum have also been identified in some species. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_903 }

Changes for: medial lemniscus

  • Deleted
    • - medial lemniscus definition Fiber tract arising predominantly from neurons in the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus in the medulla, projecting to thalamus. Fibers cross in the decussation of the medial lemniscus. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_887 }
  • Added
    • + medial lemniscus definition Fiber tract arising predominantly from neurons in the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus in the medulla, projecting to thalamus. Fibers cross in the decussation of the medial lemniscus. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_887 }

Changes for: pontine tegmentum

  • Deleted
    • - pontine tegmentum definition Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_923 }
  • Added
    • + pontine tegmentum definition Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg 133). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_923 }

Changes for: systemic artery

Changes for: systemic arterial system

Changes for: epididymis epithelium

Changes for: bony projection

Changes for: cardiovascular system

Changes for: gastroesophageal sphincter

Changes for: internal arcuate fiber bundle

Changes for: posterior transverse temporal area 42

  • Deleted
    • - posterior transverse temporal area 42 definition A subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the anterior transverse temporal area 41(H) and laterally by the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). Adapted from Brain Info { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1589 }
  • Added
    • + posterior transverse temporal area 42 definition A subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It is located in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the anterior transverse temporal area 41(H) and laterally by the superior temporal area 22 (Brodmann-1909). Adapted from Brain Info { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1589 }

Changes for: anterior transverse temporal area 41

  • Deleted
    • - anterior transverse temporal area 41 definition A subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the anterior transverse temporal gyrus (H) in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the parainsular area 52 (H) and laterally by the posterior transverse temporal area 42 (H) (Brodmann-1909). Adapted from Brain Info { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1582 }
  • Added
    • + anterior transverse temporal area 41 definition A subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the anterior transverse temporal gyrus (H) in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the parainsular area 52 (H) and laterally by the posterior transverse temporal area 42 (H) (Brodmann-1909). Adapted from Brain Info { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1582 }

Changes for: interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2

Changes for: interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5

Changes for: interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4

Changes for: interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5

Changes for: digit 1

Changes for: digit 2

Changes for: interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4

Changes for: interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3

Changes for: multi-limb segment region

Changes for: digit 5

Changes for: digit 3

Changes for: digit 4

Changes for: caudal region

Changes for: hemal arch

Changes for: bone of tail

Changes for: fibrous ring of heart

Changes for: hair follicle isthmus

Changes for: interdigital region between digits 1 and 2

Changes for: interdigital region between digits 2 and 3

Changes for: intermediate mesoderm

Changes for: paraxial mesoderm

Changes for: interdigital region between digits 3 and 4

Changes for: interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2

Changes for: interdigital region between digits 4 and 5

Changes for: trigeminal placode complex

Changes for: interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3

Changes for: mesonephric duct

Changes for: ventral aorta

  • Deleted
    • - ventral aorta definition The artery in vertebrate embryos that carries blood from the ventricle of the heart to the aortic arches. In adult fish it branches into afferent branchial arteries supplying the gills. In adult tetrapods it is represented by the ascending part of the aorta[BTO]. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]. { database cross reference=BTO:0004674 , database cross reference=GO:0035908 }
  • Added
    • + ventral aorta definition The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO]. { database cross reference=GO:0035908 }
    • + ventral aorta external definition The artery in vertebrate embryos that carries blood from the ventricle of the heart to the aortic arches. In adult fish it branches into afferent branchial arteries supplying the gills. In adult tetrapods it is represented by the ascending part of the aorta. { source=BTO:0004674 }

Changes for: optic stalk

Changes for: dorsal lateral line

Changes for: ultimobranchial body

Changes for: sphenoid bone pterygoid process

  • Deleted
    • - sphenoid bone pterygoid process definition the process projecting downward from either side of the sphenoid bone, in vertebrates divided into two plates, an inner and an outer (sometimes called the lateral and medial); the posterior nares pass through the space, called the pterygoid fossa, between the processes { database cross reference=MP:0004452,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added

Changes for: liver lobule

Changes for: spleen capsule

Changes for: renal efferent arteriole

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 12

Changes for: renal afferent arteriole

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 9

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 7

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 11

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 10

Changes for: surface structure

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 6

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 5

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 2

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 3

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 1

Changes for: thoracic vertebra 4

Changes for: lumbar vertebra 4

Changes for: lumbar vertebra 5

Changes for: mammalian cervical vertebra 5

Changes for: mammalian cervical vertebra 6

Changes for: mammalian cervical vertebra 7

  • Deleted
    • - mammalian cervical vertebra 7 definition Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This spinous process is thick, nearly horizontal in direction, not bifurcated, but terminating in a tubercle to which the lower end of the ligamentum nuchae is attached. The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) has the most prominent spinous process only in about 70% of people; in the remainder, either C6 or T1 (the first thoracic vertebra) will be the most prominent. The transverse processes are of considerable size, their posterior roots are large and prominent, while the anterior are small and faintly marked; the upper surface of each has usually a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The foramen transversarium may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally it is double, sometimes it is absent. On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen. Sometimes the anterior root of the transverse process attains a large size and exists as a separate bone, which is known as a cervical rib. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra_prominens,Wikipedia:Vertebra_prominens }
  • Added
    • + mammalian cervical vertebra 7 definition Vertebra prominens is the proper name for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most distinctive characteristic of this vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface, hence the name. This spinous process is thick, nearly horizontal in direction, not bifurcated, but terminating in a tubercle to which the lower end of the ligamentum nuchae is attached. The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) has the most prominent spinous process only in about 70% of people; in the remainder, either C6 or T1 (the first thoracic vertebra) will be the most prominent. The transverse processes are of considerable size, their posterior roots are large and prominent, while the anterior are small and faintly marked; the upper surface of each has usually a shallow sulcus for the eighth spinal nerve, and its extremity seldom presents more than a trace of bifurcation. The foramen transversarium may be as large as that in the other cervical vertebrae, but is generally smaller on one or both sides; occasionally it is double, sometimes it is absent. On the left side it occasionally gives passage to the vertebral artery; more frequently the vertebral vein traverses it on both sides; but the usual arrangement is for both artery and vein to pass in front of the transverse process, and not through the foramen. Sometimes the anterior root of the transverse process attains a large size and exists as a separate bone, which is known as a cervical rib. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra_prominens }

Changes for: lumbar vertebra 1

Changes for: lumbar vertebra 2

Changes for: lumbar vertebra 3

Changes for: mammalian cervical vertebra 4

Changes for: mammalian cervical vertebra 3

Changes for: rib 9

Changes for: rib 7

Changes for: rib 6

Changes for: rib 5

Changes for: rib 4

Changes for: rib 3

Changes for: rib 1

Changes for: rib 2

Changes for: habenular nucleus

Changes for: pupa

Changes for: hoof lamina

Changes for: reproductive organ

Changes for: fascia

Changes for: skull

Changes for: chorion

Changes for: cranium

Changes for: open tracheal system trachea

Changes for: trachea

Changes for: anal sac

Changes for: cerebellar peduncle

Changes for: Peyer’s patch epithelium

Changes for: bulbourethral gland secretion

Changes for: naso-frontal vein

Changes for: middle temporal area

  • Deleted
    • - middle temporal area definition The term “middle temporal visual area” was first used by Allman and Kaas (1971) for a region of the owl monkey brain located on the “caudal third of the middle temporal gyrus.” Functionally, it contains “a complete representation of the contralateral half of the visual field… This representation of the visual field (MT) corresponds to a histologically distinct area adjacent and rostral to area 19… The horizontal meridian divides MT into a lateral portion representing the upper visual quadrant and a medial portion representing the lower quadrant. The center of gaze is represented in the caudal portion of MT bordering area 19.” { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_anat_20090308 }
  • Added
    • + middle temporal area definition The term “middle temporal visual area” was first used by Allman and Kaas (1971) for a region of the owl monkey brain located on the “caudal third of the middle temporal gyrus.” Functionally, it contains “a complete representation of the contralateral half of the visual field… This representation of the visual field (MT) corresponds to a histologically distinct area adjacent and rostral to area 19… The horizontal meridian divides MT into a lateral portion representing the upper visual quadrant and a medial portion representing the lower quadrant. The center of gaze is represented in the caudal portion of MT bordering area 19.” { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_anat_20090308 }

Changes for: corona radiata of neuraxis

  • Deleted
    • - corona radiata of neuraxis definition Fan shaped white matter mass comprised of afferent and efferent fibers from the cerebral cortex arranged in radially arrayed bundles, converging towards the internal capsule (Carpenter, Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg. 30; Heimer, The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 84). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_anat_090903 }
  • Added
    • + corona radiata of neuraxis definition Fan shaped white matter mass comprised of afferent and efferent fibers from the cerebral cortex arranged in radially arrayed bundles, converging towards the internal capsule (Carpenter, Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed, 1985, pg. 30; Heimer, The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 84). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_anat_090903 }

Changes for: spinal cord gray commissure

Changes for: ependyma

Changes for: gyrus rectus

Changes for: vertebra lamina

Changes for: aorta wall

Changes for: aorta tunica adventitia

Changes for: scapula spine

Changes for: mandible condylar process

Changes for: tertiary ovarian follicle

Changes for: head

Changes for: follicular fluid

Changes for: ganglion

Changes for: tendon

Changes for: serous membrane

Changes for: preductal region of aortic arch

Changes for: postductal region of aortic arch

Changes for: juxtaductal region of aortic arch

Changes for: mucus body coating

Changes for: parasympathetic nervous system

Changes for: peripheral nervous system

Changes for: sympathetic nervous system

Changes for: anatomical boundary

  • Deleted
    • - anatomical boundary comment Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms.
  • Added
    • + anatomical boundary comment Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms.

Changes for: zone of skin

Changes for: endocrine pancreas

Changes for: exocrine pancreas

Changes for: compound eye

Changes for: vermilion

Changes for: feather

Changes for: sense organ

Changes for: appendage

Changes for: forelimb wing

Changes for: wing

Changes for: lymph node

Changes for: nose

Changes for: uterine cervix

Changes for: pituitary gland

Changes for: islet of Langerhans

Changes for: lingula of left lung

Changes for: forelimb bone

Changes for: egg chamber

Changes for: secondary somatosensory cortex

Changes for: blastocele

Changes for: post-embryonic stage

Changes for: albumen

Changes for: chondral bone

Changes for: male reproductive system

Changes for: renal glomerulus

Changes for: proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract

Changes for: regional part of nervous system

Changes for: pupal stage

Changes for: hypoblast (generic)

Changes for: sublaminar layers S1 or S2

Changes for: zona pellucida

Changes for: sublaminar layers S4 or S5

Changes for: sublaminar layers S2 or S3

Changes for: ureteric bud

Changes for: mesonephros

Changes for: macula

Changes for: macula lutea

Changes for: ureter

Changes for: urethra

  • Deleted
    • - urethra database cross reference MESH:A05.360.444.492.726
    • - urethra definition the fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening { database cross reference=MP:0000537,MGI:anna }
  • Added
    • + urethra database cross reference MESH:D014521
    • + urethra definition the fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening { database cross reference=MGI:anna , database cross reference=MP:0000537 }

Changes for: organ subunit

Changes for: organ part

Changes for: fully formed stage

Changes for: embryo stage

Changes for: anatomical structure

Changes for: organ

Changes for: manual digit 1 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: posterior process of ilium

Changes for: post-glenoid process

Changes for: postacetabular buttress

Changes for: ischial peduncle

Changes for: manual digit 5 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: manual digit 3 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: manual digit 2 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: inferior hypophysial artery

Changes for: pedal digit 4 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: pedal digit 3 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: pedal digit 2 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: pedal digit 1 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: pedal digit 5 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: manual digit 7 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: manual digit 6 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: pedal digit 6 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: manual digit 8 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: cervical part of esophagus

Changes for: coronary vessel

Changes for: chorda tendineae

Changes for: eye trabecular meshwork

Changes for: infundibulum of hair follicle

Changes for: posterior cerebellomedullary cistern

Changes for: hair follicle bulge

Changes for: brain commissure

Changes for: axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton

Changes for: hair inner root sheath

Changes for: hair outer root sheath

Changes for: inferior nasal concha

Changes for: external naris

Changes for: ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha

Changes for: hair root sheath

Changes for: bulb of hair follicle

Changes for: serous sac

Changes for: transitional epithelium

Changes for: enteropneust trunk

Changes for: accessory nerve cord of dorsal region

Changes for: enteropneust collar

Changes for: enteropneust proboscis

Changes for: auricular blood vessel

Changes for: profundal placode

Changes for: accessory optic system

Changes for: head mesenchyme from mesoderm

Changes for: maxillary prominence

Changes for: maxillary process of inferior nasal concha

Changes for: mandibular prominence

Changes for: styliform element

Changes for: central pretectal nucleus

Changes for: stomach glandular epithelium

Changes for: glandular columnar epithelium

Changes for: undifferentiated genital tubercle

Changes for: superficial pretectal nucleus

Changes for: left cardiac chamber

Changes for: right cardiac chamber

Changes for: deep vasculature

Changes for: inner ear epithelium

Changes for: thymus subcapsular epithelium

Changes for: post-hyoid pharyngeal arch skeleton

Changes for: stomach glandular region mucosa

Changes for: glandular cuboidal epithelium

Changes for: neural tube alar plate

Changes for: autopodial extension

Changes for: superficial vasculature

Changes for: mammary gland myoepithelium

Changes for: mandible angular process

Changes for: horn

Changes for: coronary capillary

Changes for: antler

Changes for: anatomical surface

  • Deleted
    • - anatomical surface comment Old definition: ‘Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.’ Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism.
    • - anatomical surface definition A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism’s environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n { database cross reference=CARO:0001002 }
  • Added
    • + anatomical surface comment Old definition: ‘Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.’ Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism.
    • + anatomical surface definition A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism’s environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n { database cross reference=CARO:0001002 }

Changes for: portal system

Changes for: dorsal aorta

Changes for: anterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra

Changes for: posterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra

Changes for: cochlear ganglion

Changes for: leptomeninx

Changes for: apocrine sweat gland

Changes for: musculature of body

Changes for: epiglottis

Changes for: maxillary nerve

Changes for: mandibular nerve

Changes for: hindlimb stylopod

Changes for: urothelium

Changes for: flexor muscle

Changes for: red bone marrow

Changes for: reticuloendothelial system

Changes for: renal medulla

Changes for: nuchal ligament

Changes for: mucosa

Changes for: myelin sheath

Changes for: ophthalmic nerve

Changes for: pedal digit 6 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: manual digit 6 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: manual digit 8 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: manual digit 7 digitopodial skeleton

Changes for: glomerular basement membrane

  • Deleted
    • - glomerular basement membrane definition the layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of the inner or visceral layer of the Bowman capsule; it is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas and acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter { database cross reference=MP:0011348,MGI:anna }
  • Added

Changes for: lymphoid follicle

Changes for: subdural space

Changes for: dermal papilla

Changes for: eccrine sweat gland

Changes for: scalp

Changes for: mandibular ramus

Changes for: sympathetic trunk

Changes for: synsacrum

Changes for: adipose tissue of abdominal region

Changes for: osseus semicircular canal

Changes for: pelvic girdle bone/zone

Changes for: external nose

Changes for: major vestibular gland

Changes for: bodily secretion

Changes for: uncinate process of ribs

Changes for: basal lamina of epithelium

Changes for: epithelium

Changes for: organism subdivision

Changes for: female reproductive system

Changes for: testis

Changes for: cell part

Changes for: tissue

Changes for: semi-lunar valve

Changes for: right dorsal aorta

Changes for: manual digit 2 epithelium

Changes for: manual digit 4 epithelium

Changes for: manual digit 3 epithelium

Changes for: manual digit 5 epithelium

Changes for: pedal digit 2 epithelium

Changes for: pedal digit 5 epithelium

Changes for: pedal digit 4 epithelium

Changes for: pedal digit 3 epithelium

Changes for: reticulospinal tract

Changes for: manual digit 3 mesenchyme

Changes for: manual digit 4 mesenchyme

Changes for: manual digit 2 mesenchyme

Changes for: pedal digit 5 mesenchyme

Changes for: pedal digit 3 mesenchyme

Changes for: pedal digit 4 mesenchyme

Changes for: manual digit 5 mesenchyme

Changes for: pedal digit 2 mesenchyme

Changes for: iliac artery

Changes for: mesenteric artery

Changes for: mesenteric vein

Changes for: lens anterior epithelium

Changes for: iliac vein

Changes for: hindlimb zeugopod skeleton

Changes for: deep dorsal vein of clitoris

Changes for: vertebral canal

Changes for: alular digit plus metapodial segment

Changes for: manual minor digit (Aves) plus metapodial segment

Changes for: manual major digit (Aves) plus metapodial segment

Changes for: incisive canal

Changes for: central tendon of diaphragm

Changes for: appendage girdle complex

  • Deleted
    • - appendage girdle complex comment It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive ‘paired fin’ (with differing published assertions on whether it’s homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] AO notes: note that the FMA uses the term ‘limb’ to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region)
  • Added
    • + appendage girdle complex editor note It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive ‘paired fin’ (with differing published assertions on whether it’s homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO]
    • + appendage girdle complex external ontology notes note that the FMA uses the term ‘limb’ to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: pharyngeal tubercle

Changes for: median sacral vein

Changes for: interthalamic adhesion

  • Deleted
    • - interthalamic adhesion definition The medial surface of the thalamus constitutes the upper part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle, and is connected to the corresponding surface of the opposite thalamus by a flattened gray band, the Interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia, middle commissure, gray commissure). In non-human mammals it is a large structure. In humans this mass averages about 1 cm in length in its antero-posterior diameter. It sometimes consists of two parts and occasionally is absent. The interthalamic adhesion is found in 70-80% of humans. It is present more often in females and larger than in males by an average of 53 percent. . When absent in development, no noticeable deficit has been observed. It contains nerve cells and nerve fibers; a few of the latter may cross the middle line, but most of them pass toward the middle line and then curve lateralward on the same side. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interthalamic_adhesion,Wikipedia:Interthalamic_adhesion }
  • Added
    • + interthalamic adhesion definition The medial surface of the thalamus constitutes the upper part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle, and is connected to the corresponding surface of the opposite thalamus by a flattened gray band, the Interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia, middle commissure, gray commissure). In non-human mammals it is a large structure. In humans this mass averages about 1 cm in length in its antero-posterior diameter. It sometimes consists of two parts and occasionally is absent. The interthalamic adhesion is found in 70-80% of humans. It is present more often in females and larger than in males by an average of 53 percent. . When absent in development, no noticeable deficit has been observed. It contains nerve cells and nerve fibers; a few of the latter may cross the middle line, but most of them pass toward the middle line and then curve lateralward on the same side. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interthalamic_adhesion }

Changes for: secondary follicle corona

Changes for: germinal center

Changes for: rib 8

Changes for: iliac blade

Changes for: fracture plane

Changes for: vertebral fracture plane

Changes for: plane of autotomy bisecting joint

Changes for: transverse process-bearing vertebra

Changes for: non-transverse process-bearing vertebra

Changes for: anatomical plane

Changes for: plane of autotomy

Changes for: hemipenis transversus muscle

Changes for: transversus perinei muscle

Changes for: spinalis caudalis muscle

Changes for: plane of autotomy bisecting intervertebral joint

Changes for: extrinsic post-anal tail muscle

Changes for: iliocaudalis muscle

Changes for: extensor caudae lateralis muscle

Changes for: deep dorsal vein of penis

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + deep dorsal vein of penis definition The deep dorsal vein of the penis lies beneath the deep fascia of the penis; it receives the blood from the glans penis and corpora cavernosa penis and courses backward in the middle line between the dorsal arteries; near the root of the penis it passes between the two parts of the suspensory ligament and then through an aperture between the arcuate pubic ligament and the transverse ligament of the pelvis, and divides into two branches, which enter the pudendal plexus. The deep vein also communicates below the symphysis pubis with the internal pudendal vein. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_dorsal_vein_of_the_penis }

Changes for: anterior abdominal wall

  • Deleted
    • - anterior abdominal wall definition The abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and anterior (front) walls. There is a common set of layers covering and forming all the walls: the deepest being the extraperitoneal fat, the parietal peritoneum, and a layer of fascia which has different names over where it covers (eg transversalis, psoas fascia). Superficial to these, but not present in the posterior wall are the three layers of muscle, the transversus abdominis (transverse abdominal muscle), the internal (obliquus internus) and the external oblique (obliquus externus). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_wall,Wikipedia:Abdominal_wall }
  • Added
    • + anterior abdominal wall definition The abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and anterior (front) walls. There is a common set of layers covering and forming all the walls: the deepest being the extraperitoneal fat, the parietal peritoneum, and a layer of fascia which has different names over where it covers (eg transversalis, psoas fascia). Superficial to these, but not present in the posterior wall are the three layers of muscle, the transversus abdominis (transverse abdominal muscle), the internal (obliquus internus) and the external oblique (obliquus externus). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_wall }

Changes for: rhombomere 2

Changes for: gonad primordium

Changes for: nasal concha cartilage

Changes for: banks of superior temporal sulcus

  • Deleted
    • - banks of superior temporal sulcus definition Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the superior temporal gyrus and the caudal boundary the middle temporal gyrus. Within the FreeSurfer definition, this reflects primarily the posterior aspect of the superior temporal sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_862 }
  • Added
    • + banks of superior temporal sulcus definition Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the superior temporal gyrus and the caudal boundary the middle temporal gyrus. Within the FreeSurfer definition, this reflects primarily the posterior aspect of the superior temporal sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_862 }

Changes for: rhombomere 8

Changes for: rhombomere 7

Changes for: rhombomere 6

Changes for: rhombomere 4

Changes for: digit plus metapodial segment

Changes for: rhombomere 5

Changes for: rhombomere 3

Changes for: pedal digit 2 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: pedal digit 1 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: pedal digit 4 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: pedal digit 3 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: pedal digit 5 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 3 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 4 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 1 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 2 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: manual digit 5 phalanx cartilage element

Changes for: platysma

  • Deleted
    • - platysma definition The platysma is a pharyngeal arch 2 muscle and a superficial facial muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve. It attaches to the mandible and it attaches to the skin of the head, neck, and thoracic region where it is found superficial to the clavicle. Burrows et al. (2011) argue that in hylobatids (and, presumably, other primates) the platysma in the region of the modiolus represents both the cervicale and myoides muscles. { database cross reference=MFMO:0000059 }
  • Added
    • + platysma definition The platysma is a pharyngeal arch 2 muscle and a superficial facial muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors and is innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve. It attaches to the mandible and it attaches to the skin of the head, neck, and thoracic region where it is found superficial to the clavicle. Burrows et al. (2011) argue that in hylobatids (and, presumably, other primates) the platysma in the region of the modiolus represents both the cervicale and myoides muscles. { database cross reference=MFMO:0000059 }
    • + platysma see also https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/472

Changes for: obturator nerve

Changes for: spinal nerve trunk

Changes for: sacral region

Changes for: pedal digit 1 epithelium

Changes for: manual digit 1 epithelium

Changes for: vitelline vein

Changes for: tricuspid valve leaflet

Changes for: valve of inferior vena cava

Changes for: thymus lobe

Changes for: non-neural ectoderm

Changes for: lymphatic part of lymphoid system

Changes for: non-lymphatic part of lymphoid system

Changes for: pedal digit 7 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: superficial palmar arch

  • Deleted
    • - superficial palmar arch definition The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, in some individuals the contribution from the radial artery might be absent, and instead anastomoses with either the princeps pollicis artery, the radialis indicis artery, or the median artery, the former two of which are branches from the radial artery. Alternative names for this arterial arch are: superficial volar arch, superficial ulnar arch, arcus palmaris superficialis, or arcus volaris superficialis. The arch passes across the palm in a curve with its convexity downward. If one were to fully extend the thumb, the superficial palmar arch would lie approximately at the level of a line drawn from the distal border of the thumb across the palm. The superficial palmar arch is more distal than the deep palmar arch. Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the arch, proceeding down on the second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles, respectively. They each receive a contribution from a palmar metacarpal artery. Near the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints, each common palmar digital artery divides into two proper palmar digital arteries. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficial_palmar_arch,Wikipedia:Superficial_palmar_arch }
  • Added
    • + superficial palmar arch definition The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, in some individuals the contribution from the radial artery might be absent, and instead anastomoses with either the princeps pollicis artery, the radialis indicis artery, or the median artery, the former two of which are branches from the radial artery. Alternative names for this arterial arch are: superficial volar arch, superficial ulnar arch, arcus palmaris superficialis, or arcus volaris superficialis. The arch passes across the palm in a curve with its convexity downward. If one were to fully extend the thumb, the superficial palmar arch would lie approximately at the level of a line drawn from the distal border of the thumb across the palm. The superficial palmar arch is more distal than the deep palmar arch. Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the arch, proceeding down on the second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles, respectively. They each receive a contribution from a palmar metacarpal artery. Near the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints, each common palmar digital artery divides into two proper palmar digital arteries. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficial_palmar_arch }

Changes for: pedal digit 8 plus metapodial segment

Changes for: left ventricle myocardium

Changes for: right ventricle myocardium

Changes for: gubernacular cord

Changes for: remnant of embryonic structure

Changes for: interosseous muscle of autopod

Changes for: sigmoid artery

Changes for: plantar metatarsal artery

  • Deleted
    • - plantar metatarsal artery definition The plantar metatarsal arteries (digital branches) are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei. Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes. Near their points of division each sends upward an anterior perforating branch to join the corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis) springs from the junction between the lateral plantar and deep plantar arteries and sends a digital branch to the medial side of the first toe. The digital branch for the lateral side of the fifth toe arise from the lateral plantar artery near the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar_metatarsal_arteries,Wikipedia:Plantar_metatarsal_arteries }
  • Added
    • + plantar metatarsal artery definition The plantar metatarsal arteries (digital branches) are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei. Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes. Near their points of division each sends upward an anterior perforating branch to join the corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery. The first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis) springs from the junction between the lateral plantar and deep plantar arteries and sends a digital branch to the medial side of the first toe. The digital branch for the lateral side of the fifth toe arise from the lateral plantar artery near the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar_metatarsal_arteries }

Changes for: dorsal pallidum

Changes for: kidney calyx

Changes for: axochord

Changes for: presumptive axochord

Changes for: preputial space

Changes for: oculomotor muscle

Changes for: renal convoluted tubule

Changes for: seminal fluid

Changes for: entire surface of organism

Changes for: mammary gland fluid/secretion

Changes for: coronary sinus

  • Deleted
    • - coronary sinus definition the short trunk that recieves most of the cardiac veins carrying the blood from the myocardium and delivers it to the right atrium, with the sinoatrial connection occurring between the inferior vena cava and the atrioventricular orifice { database cross reference=MP:0010436,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added

Changes for: sac of scrotum

Changes for: transverse process of caudal vertebra

Changes for: retractor penis magnus muscle

Changes for: plantar nerve

Changes for: temporalis fascia

  • Deleted
    • - temporalis fascia definition The temporal fascia covers the Temporalis muscle. It is a strong, fibrous investment, covered, laterally, by the Auricularis anterior and superior, by the galea aponeurotica, and by part of the Orbicularis oculi. The superficial temporal vessels and the auriculotemporal nerve cross it from below upward. Above, it is a single layer, attached to the entire extent of the superior temporal line; but below, where it is fixed to the zygomatic arch, it consists of two layers, one of which is inserted into the lateral, and the other into the medial border of the arch. A small quantity of fat, the orbital branch of the superficial temporal artery, and a filament from the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve, are contained between these two layers. It affords attachment by its deep surface to the superficial fibers of the Temporalis. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_fascia,Wikipedia:Temporal_fascia }
  • Added
    • + temporalis fascia definition The temporal fascia covers the Temporalis muscle. It is a strong, fibrous investment, covered, laterally, by the Auricularis anterior and superior, by the galea aponeurotica, and by part of the Orbicularis oculi. The superficial temporal vessels and the auriculotemporal nerve cross it from below upward. Above, it is a single layer, attached to the entire extent of the superior temporal line; but below, where it is fixed to the zygomatic arch, it consists of two layers, one of which is inserted into the lateral, and the other into the medial border of the arch. A small quantity of fat, the orbital branch of the superficial temporal artery, and a filament from the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve, are contained between these two layers. It affords attachment by its deep surface to the superficial fibers of the Temporalis. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_fascia }

Changes for: diastema between central incisors

Changes for: diastema between upper central incisors

Changes for: lateral plantar nerve

Changes for: medial plantar nerve

Changes for: external intercostal muscle

Changes for: ductus arteriosus

Changes for: diastema between lower central incisors

Changes for: diastema between incisors

Changes for: hindlimb bud

Changes for: forelimb bud

Changes for: spinocerebellar tract

Changes for: zone of polarizing activity

Changes for: bony otic capsule

Changes for: sublingual ganglion

Changes for: alimentary part of gastrointestinal system

Changes for: philtrum

Changes for: ventral striatum

  • Deleted
    • - ventral striatum definition A composite structure of the telencephalon that is defined in the striatopallidal system by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes the nucleus accumbens, the most ventral portions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, the rostrolateral portion of the anterior perforated substance, the islands of Calleja and a rostral subcommissural portion of substantia innominata. The boundary between the ventral striatum and dorsal striatum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance (Heimer-1995; adapted from Brain Info). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_57107 }
  • Added
    • + ventral striatum definition A composite structure of the telencephalon that is defined in the striatopallidal system by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes the nucleus accumbens, the most ventral portions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, the rostrolateral portion of the anterior perforated substance, the islands of Calleja and a rostral subcommissural portion of substantia innominata. The boundary between the ventral striatum and dorsal striatum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance (Heimer-1995; adapted from Brain Info). { database cross reference=NIFSTD:nlx_57107 }

Changes for: inferior vagus X ganglion

Changes for: superior vagus X ganglion

Changes for: vagus X ganglion

Changes for: hippocampus molecular layer

  • Deleted
    • - hippocampus molecular layer definition A cytoarchitectural region of the hippocampus consisting of a composite of the two outermost layers of the hippocampus, the Stratum lacunosum-moleculare and the Stratum radiatum (Carpenter-83). In CA3, there is an additional layer lying above the pyramidal cell layer, the stratum lucidum, which is also included here. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1211 }
  • Added
    • + hippocampus molecular layer definition A cytoarchitectural region of the hippocampus consisting of a composite of the two outermost layers of the hippocampus, the Stratum lacunosum-moleculare and the Stratum radiatum (Carpenter-83). In CA3, there is an additional layer lying above the pyramidal cell layer, the stratum lucidum, which is also included here. { database cross reference=NIFSTD:birnlex_1211 }

Changes for: olfactory lobe

Changes for: spinal cord dorsal column

  • Deleted
    • - spinal cord dorsal column definition the wedge-shaped fiber bundle of white matter in the dorsomedial side of the spinal cord that is made up of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus; it is part of the ascending posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway that is important for well-localized fine touch and conscious proprioception { database cross reference=MP:0009677,ISBN-10:0940780577,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added

Changes for: spinal cord lateral column

Changes for: spinal cord ventral column

Changes for: cortical plate

Changes for: spermatic cord

Changes for: ventricle of nervous system

Changes for: spinal cord ependyma

Changes for: brain ependyma

Changes for: transparent eye structure

Changes for: olfactory segment of nasal mucosa

Changes for: nasal cavity respiratory epithelium

Changes for: nasal cavity epithelium

Changes for: olfactory bulb subependymal zone

Changes for: carotid artery segment

Changes for: transverospinalis pre-muscle mass

Changes for: ceratohyoideus muscle

Changes for: craniocervical muscle

Changes for: anterior digastric muscle

Changes for: posterior digastric muscle

Changes for: muscle of digastric group

Changes for: crico-arytenoid muscle

Changes for: orbicularis oris muscle

Changes for: superior thoracic artery

  • Deleted
    • - superior thoracic artery definition The superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery) is a small vessel normally arising from the first division of the axillary artery, but may arise from the thoracoacromial artery, itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery. Running forward and medialward along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest. It supplies branches to the first and second intercostal spaces as well as to the superior portion of serratus anterior. It anastomoses with the internal mammary and intercostal arteries. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_thoracic_artery,Wikipedia:Superior_thoracic_artery }
  • Added
    • + superior thoracic artery definition The superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery) is a small vessel normally arising from the first division of the axillary artery, but may arise from the thoracoacromial artery, itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery. Running forward and medialward along the upper border of the pectoralis minor, the superior thoracic artery passes between it and the pectoralis major to the side of the chest. It supplies branches to the first and second intercostal spaces as well as to the superior portion of serratus anterior. It anastomoses with the internal mammary and intercostal arteries. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_thoracic_artery }

Changes for: cricopharyngeus muscle

Changes for: axillary tail of breast

Changes for: manual digit plus metapodial segment

Changes for: left ear

Changes for: footplate

Changes for: electric organ

Changes for: terminal part of digestive tract

Changes for: interrenal gland

Changes for: scapula

  • Deleted
    • - scapula database cross reference MESH:A02.835.232.087.783
    • - scapula external definition Endochondral bone that is located medial to the cleithrum, and articulates ventrally with the coracoid, medially with the mesocoracoid when the later is present and posteriorly with the upper one to three proximal radials. The scapula develops from the scapulocoracoid cartilage and belongs to the primary pectoral girdle. It may be perforated by the scapular foramen or it may be notched ventrproperty_value external_definitionand forms together with a similar notch of the coracoid the scapulocoracoid foramen[TAO:0000583]. { source=TAO:0000583 }
  • Added
    • + scapula database cross reference MESH:D012540
    • + scapula external definition Endochondral bone that is located medial to the cleithrum, and articulates ventrally with the coracoid, medially with the mesocoracoid when the later is present and posteriorly with the upper one to three proximal radials. The scapula develops from the scapulocoracoid cartilage and belongs to the primary pectoral girdle. It may be perforated by the scapular foramen or it may be notched ventr and forms together with a similar notch of the coracoid the scapulocoracoid foramen[TAO:0000583]. { source=TAO:0000583 }

Changes for: nucleus of lateral lemniscus

Changes for: root of cranial nerve

Changes for: dorsal ramus of spinal nerve

Changes for: ventral ramus of spinal nerve

Changes for: uterus or analog

Changes for: areolar connective tissue

Changes for: ectepicondyle of humerus

Changes for: paracolic gutter

  • Deleted
  • Added
    • + paracolic gutter definition The paracolic gutters (paracolic sulci, paracolic recesses) are spaces between the colon and the abdominal wall. There are two paracolic gutters: The right lateral paracolic gutter. The left lateral paracolic gutter. These gutters are clinically important because they allow a passage for infectious fluids from different compartments of the abdomen. For example; fluid from an infected appendix can track up the right paracolic gutter to the hepatorenal recess. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracolic_gutters }

Changes for: epioccipital posterior process

Changes for: mammary bud

Changes for: tonsillar fossa

Changes for: medial circumflex femoral vein

Changes for: female preputial gland

Changes for: male preputial gland

Changes for: submucous nerve plexus

Changes for: hypogastric nerve

Changes for: mons pubis

  • Deleted
    • - mons pubis definition In human anatomy or in mammals in general, the mons pubis (Latin for ‘pubic mound’), also known as the mons veneris (Latin, mound of Venus) or simply the mons, is the adipose tissue lying above the pubic bone of adult women, anterior to the symphysis pubis. The mons pubis forms the anterior portion of the vulva, and limits the perineal region proximally and anteriorly. The size of the mons pubis varies with the general level of hormone and body fat. After puberty it is covered with pubic hair and enlarges. In human females this mound is made of fat and is supposed to be larger. It provides protection of the pubic bone during intercourse. In humans, the mons pubis divides into the labia majora (literally ‘larger lips’) on either side of the furrow, known as the cleft of venus, that surrounds the labia minora, clitoris, vaginal opening, and other structures of the vulval vestibule. The fatty tissue of the mons veneris is sensitive to estrogen, causing a distinct mound to form with the onset of puberty. This pushes the forward portion of the labia majora out and away from the pubic bone. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mons_pubis,Wikipedia:Mons_pubis }
  • Added
    • + mons pubis definition In human anatomy or in mammals in general, the mons pubis (Latin for ‘pubic mound’), also known as the mons veneris (Latin, mound of Venus) or simply the mons, is the adipose tissue lying above the pubic bone of adult women, anterior to the symphysis pubis. The mons pubis forms the anterior portion of the vulva, and limits the perineal region proximally and anteriorly. The size of the mons pubis varies with the general level of hormone and body fat. After puberty it is covered with pubic hair and enlarges. In human females this mound is made of fat and is supposed to be larger. It provides protection of the pubic bone during intercourse. In humans, the mons pubis divides into the labia majora (literally ‘larger lips’) on either side of the furrow, known as the cleft of venus, that surrounds the labia minora, clitoris, vaginal opening, and other structures of the vulval vestibule. The fatty tissue of the mons veneris is sensitive to estrogen, causing a distinct mound to form with the onset of puberty. This pushes the forward portion of the labia majora out and away from the pubic bone. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mons_pubis }

Changes for: osseus labyrinth vestibule

Changes for: pilosebaceous unit

Changes for: vibrissa hair bulb

Changes for: vibrissa unit

Changes for: diaphragma sellae

Changes for: acetabular labrum

Changes for: stomach non-glandular region

Changes for: renal cortex artery

Changes for: stomach glandular region

Changes for: superior hypophysial artery

Changes for: hypophysial artery

Changes for: peritubular capillary

  • Deleted
    • - peritubular capillary definition the tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus, and interact with superficial cortical nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron; peritubular capillaries are situated around the tubule and are at low pressure { database cross reference=MP:0011321,MGI:csmith }
  • Added
    • + peritubular capillary definition the tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus, and interact with superficial cortical nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron; peritubular capillaries are situated around the tubule and are at low pressure { database cross reference=MGI:csmith , database cross reference=MP:0011321 }

Changes for: arrector pili muscle of vibrissa

Changes for: articular capsule of glenohumeral joint

Changes for: articular capsule of hip joint

Changes for: gonadal ridge

Changes for: prepuce of clitoris

Changes for: uropropatagium

Changes for: pedal digit 6

Changes for: manual digit 8

Changes for: manual digit 7

Changes for: manual digit 6

Changes for: limb bone pre-cartilage condensation

Changes for: limb cartilage element

Changes for: accessory XI nerve nucleus

Changes for: glandular epithelium

Changes for: epithelium of conjunctiva

Changes for: cardial valve

Changes for: aorta

Changes for: cranial nerve II

Changes for: corneo-scleral junction

Changes for: heart

Changes for: endocrine system

Changes for: pharyngeal muscle

Changes for: proctodeum

Changes for: stomodeum

Changes for: thoracic ganglion

Changes for: cornea

Changes for: lens of camera-type eye

Changes for: retina

Changes for: medulla of organ

Changes for: brain

Changes for: basipterygium element

Changes for: optic chiasma

Changes for: liver perisinusoidal space

Changes for: hippocampal commissure

  • Deleted
    • - hippocampal commissure definition the triangular subcallosal plate of commissural fibers resulting from the converging of the right and left fornix bundles which exchange numerous fibers and which curve back in the contralateral fornix to end in the hippocampus of the opposite side { database cross reference=MP:0008221,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
  • Added

Changes for: pterygoid muscle

Changes for: alisphenoid bone

Changes for: osseus spiral lamina

Changes for: spiral ligament

Changes for: cochlear modiolus

Changes for: lateral pterygoid muscle

Changes for: mesoderm

  • Deleted
    • - mesoderm taxon notes sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates { source=UBERONREF:0000002 }
  • Added

Changes for: germ layer

  • Deleted
    • - germ layer comment Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[UBERONREF:0000002]
  • Added
    • + germ layer comment Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest]

Changes for: embryo

Changes for: abdomen

  • Deleted
    • - abdomen definition The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • Added

Changes for: thoracic segment of trunk

Changes for: mucus

Changes for: sphenoparietal sinus

Changes for: penis

Changes for: pons

Changes for: axillary vein

Changes for: skeletal joint

Changes for: leg

Changes for: pleura

  • Deleted
    • - pleura database cross reference MESH:A04.716
    • - pleura definition the serous membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the walls of the pleural cavity { database cross reference=MP:0010820,ISBN:0-683-40008-8 }
    • - pleura external ontology notes In MA, is_a cavity lining. In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term ‘pleura’ is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86
  • Added
    • + pleura database cross reference MESH:D010994
    • + pleura definition the serous membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the walls of the pleural cavity { database cross reference=ISBN:0-683-40008-8 , database cross reference=MP:0010820 }
    • + pleura external ontology notes In MA, is_a cavity lining. In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term ‘pleura’ is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86

Changes for: neck

Changes for: humerus

Changes for: sternum

Changes for: eye

Changes for: kidney interstitium

Changes for: vagina

Changes for: uterus

Changes for: seminal vesicle

Changes for: mammalian vulva

Changes for: ejaculatory duct

Changes for: gonad

Changes for: female gonad

Changes for: oviduct

Report for properties

ObjectProperty objects lost from source: 0

ObjectProperty objects new in target: 1

New ObjectProperty : protects

Changed ObjectProperty objects: 0

June 22, 2015 |

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