/releases/2014-06-15
This release includes some improvements to the representation of buccinator, orbicularis oris and digastric muscles, based on the Mammalian Feeding ontology FEED. A number of improvements were made to the skeletal system, continued implementation a standard pattern for endocondral bones with particular attention to the ribs and vertebrae. A number of new classes for a variety of systems have been added, including term requests for ENCODE. This release also marks the debut of the platypus bill.

Note that the diff report for this release is large due to some systematic changes in how textual metadata about classes is stored in the ontology
- skeletal
- AXIAL: rib and vertebrae overhaul. Implemented endochondral pattern consistently.
- CRANIAL: mapped ZFA orbit to orbital cavity. See issue 462
- CRANIAL: renaming jaw joint. Issue issue 463
- LIMB: Abstracted classes with full endochondral triad for proximal and distal mesopodials. Addresses issue 461
- LIMB: Fixed proximal carpals to use consistent pattern
- UPPER: reclassified some classes as being cartilage elements rather than cartilage tissue
- muscles
- FEED: created xrefs to MFMO (Feed ontology)
- FEED: Buccinator improvements. Issue issue 470. FEED:rd and cw
- FEED: Text amd logical def of orbicularis oris. Extended FEED def with surrounds relation. Issue issue 473
- FEED: some changes to digastric based on conv with FEED:rd, added notes about Orangutans
- LIMB: improving defs of calf muscles
- SMOOTH: NTs for smooth muscle tissue and layer of muscle in rectum. Fixes issue issue 465
- EAR: NTs for 3 external auriculars
- other
- admin/general
- PROPERTIES: translation of comments to specific annotation assertions (editor notes, curator notes, taxon notes, etc)
- DEFINITIONS: making WP-derived defs more concise
- METADATA: Fixed consider link. Fixes issue issue 436
- RELATIONS: Fixed RO ID. Fixes issue issue 447
- METADATA: Added DOIs. Issue issue 473
- METADATA: Fixing xref syntax in ext
Ontology Diff Report
Original Ontology
- IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl
- VersionIRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/releases/2014-05-27/uberon.owl
New Ontology
- IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl
- VersionIRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/releases/2014-06-15/uberon.owl
Report for classes
Class objects lost from source: 4
- coccygeal vertebra endochondral element
- coccygeal vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
- coccygeal vertebra cartilage element
- coccygeal vertebra
Class objects new in target: 38
New Class : distal mesopodial endochondral element
- distal mesopodial endochondral element definition An endochondral element in the distal portion of the mesopodial skeleton, between the central mesopodial skeleton and the metapodial skeleton { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- distal mesopodial endochondral element id UBERON:0018099
- distal mesopodial endochondral element editor note TODO add logical definition
- distal mesopodial endochondral element SubClassOf autopod endochondral element
- distal mesopodial endochondral element has obo namespace uberon
- distal mesopodial endochondral element SubClassOf part of some mesopodial skeleton
- distal mesopodial endochondral element label distal mesopodial endochondral element
New Class : caudal vertebra endochondral element
- caudal vertebra endochondral element has alternative id UBERON:0015006
- caudal vertebra endochondral element has obo namespace uberon
- caudal vertebra endochondral element has exact synonym tail vertebra element
- caudal vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf vertebra endochondral element
- caudal vertebra endochondral element has exact synonym caudal vertebra element
- caudal vertebra endochondral element definition Any vertebra endochondral element that is part of the caudal region of the vertebral column (tail or coccyx). { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- caudal vertebra endochondral element id UBERON:0018142
- caudal vertebra endochondral element has narrow synonym coccygeal vertebra element
- caudal vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf dorsal region element
- caudal vertebra endochondral element EquivalentTo vertebra endochondral element and part of some caudal region of vertebral column
- caudal vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf part of some caudal region of vertebral column
- caudal vertebra endochondral element label caudal vertebra endochondral element
- caudal vertebra endochondral element has narrow synonym coccyx vertebra element
New Class : anterior perforated substance
- anterior perforated substance has exact synonym substantia perforata anterior { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_perforated_substance , has synonym type=latin term }
- anterior perforated substance has related synonym eminentia parolfactoria { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 , has synonym type=latin term }
- anterior perforated substance has exact synonym anterior perforated area { database cross reference=FMA:61891 }
- anterior perforated substance has obo namespace uberon
- anterior perforated substance definition The anterior perforated substance is an irregularly quadrilateral area in front of the optic tract and behind the olfactory trigone, from which it is separated by the fissure prima; medially and in front it is continuous with the subcallosal gyrus; laterally it is bounded by the lateral stria of the olfactory tract and is continued into the uncus. Its gray substance is confluent above with that of the corpus striatum, and is perforated anteriorly by numerous small bloodvessels. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_perforated_substance }
- anterior perforated substance has related synonym area olfactoria (Mai) { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 , has synonym type=latin term }
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=282 { source=NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1096 }
- anterior perforated substance id UBERON:0018141
- anterior perforated substance has related synonym olfactory tubercle (Ganser) { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 }
- anterior perforated substance has related synonym olfactory tubercle { database cross reference=FMA:61891 , has synonym type=indicates that a synonym is used in an inconsistent or confusing way, typically between species }
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference FMA:61891
- anterior perforated substance has related synonym tuber olfactorium { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 , has synonym type=latin term }
- anterior perforated substance has related synonym olfactory area (Carpenter) { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 }
- anterior perforated substance has exact synonym olfactory area (mai) { database cross reference=FMA:61891 }
- anterior perforated substance has related synonym rostral perforated substance { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 }
- anterior perforated substance external definition Subdivision of telencephalon which is a region on the ventro-medial aspect of the telencephalon penetrated by numerous blood vessels. It is bounded by the optic tract posteriorly and the olfactory trigone anteriorly. { source=FMA:61891 }
- anterior perforated substance label anterior perforated substance
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/birnlex_1096
- anterior perforated substance has exact synonym anterior perforated space { database cross reference=FMA:61891 }
- anterior perforated substance SubClassOf part of some telencephalon
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=282
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference UMLS:C0162436 { source=NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1096 }
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference BAMS:APS
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162436
- anterior perforated substance SubClassOf regional part of telencephalon
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_perforated_substance
- anterior perforated substance database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369108006
New Class : mammary lobe
- mammary lobe database cross reference http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Breast_Lobe
- mammary lobe SubClassOf part of some mammary gland
- mammary lobe SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
- mammary lobe has obo namespace uberon
- mammary lobe has narrow synonym lobi glandulae mammariae { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 , database cross reference=NCBITaxon:9606 , has synonym type=preferred term when talking about an instance of this class in Homo sapiens }
- mammary lobe has narrow synonym lobe of breast { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 , database cross reference=NCBITaxon:9606 , has synonym type=preferred term when talking about an instance of this class in Homo sapiens }
- mammary lobe database cross reference http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0222616
- mammary lobe has related synonym lobus glandulae mammariae { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 , has synonym type=latin term }
- mammary lobe label mammary lobe
- mammary lobe SubClassOf part of some trunk
- mammary lobe has narrow synonym lobe of mammary gland { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 , database cross reference=NCBITaxon:9606 , has synonym type=preferred term when talking about an instance of this class in Homo sapiens }
- mammary lobe SubClassOf has part some lobule of mammary gland
- mammary lobe id UBERON:0018140
- mammary lobe editor note The FMA class ‘lactiferous gland’ may be equivalent to this
- mammary lobe database cross reference BTO:0004718
- mammary lobe definition A cluster of mammary gland lobules. In humans this is a distinct lobe and located in the breast region.
- mammary lobe has narrow synonym breast lobe { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 , database cross reference=NCBITaxon:9606 , has synonym type=preferred term when talking about an instance of this class in Homo sapiens }
- mammary lobe SubClassOf anatomical cluster
New Class : transverse process of lumbar vertebra
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra label transverse process of lumbar vertebra
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra id UBERON:0018146
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra SubClassOf part of some lumbar vertebra
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra definition A transverse process that is part of a lumbar vertebra { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra database cross reference FMA:65469
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra taxon notes May be homologous with the lumbar ribs of some vertebrates
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra has obo namespace uberon
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra SubClassOf transverse process of vertebra
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra EquivalentTo transverse process of vertebra and part of some lumbar vertebra
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra has exact synonym lumbar transverse process { database cross reference=FMA:16080 }
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280733003
- transverse process of lumbar vertebra database cross reference FMA:16080
New Class : lumbar rib
- lumbar rib has obo namespace uberon
- lumbar rib EquivalentTo rib and connected to some lumbar vertebra
- lumbar rib definition A rib that is attached to a lumbar vertebra. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- lumbar rib id UBERON:0018145
- lumbar rib label lumbar rib
- lumbar rib SubClassOf rib
- lumbar rib SubClassOf connected to some lumbar vertebra
- lumbar rib taxon notes May be homologous with the transverse processes of lumbar vertebra
New Class : cervical rib
- cervical rib id UBERON:0018144
- cervical rib SubClassOf rib
- cervical rib taxon notes May be homologous with the transverse processes of cervical vertebra
- cervical rib has obo namespace uberon
- cervical rib SubClassOf part of some neck
- cervical rib label cervical rib
- cervical rib EquivalentTo rib and connected to some cervical vertebra
- cervical rib SubClassOf neck bone
- cervical rib definition A rib that is attached to a cervical vertebra. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- cervical rib SubClassOf connected to some cervical vertebra
New Class : transverse process of cervical vertebra
- transverse process of cervical vertebra database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280730000
- transverse process of cervical vertebra database cross reference FMA:9913
- transverse process of cervical vertebra SubClassOf part of some cervical vertebra
- transverse process of cervical vertebra SubClassOf transverse process of vertebra
- transverse process of cervical vertebra database cross reference FMA:23894
- transverse process of cervical vertebra label transverse process of cervical vertebra
- transverse process of cervical vertebra taxon notes May be homologous with the cervical ribs of some vertebrates
- transverse process of cervical vertebra EquivalentTo transverse process of vertebra and part of some cervical vertebra
- transverse process of cervical vertebra id UBERON:0018143
- transverse process of cervical vertebra definition A transverse process that is part of a cervical vertebra { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- transverse process of cervical vertebra has obo namespace uberon
New Class : ampullary gland secretion
- ampullary gland secretion SubClassOf seminal fluid
- ampullary gland secretion id UBERON:0018148
- ampullary gland secretion label ampullary gland secretion
- ampullary gland secretion has obo namespace uberon
- ampullary gland secretion EquivalentTo bodily secretion and produced by some ampullary gland
- ampullary gland secretion SubClassOf produced by some ampullary gland
New Class : periovarian fat pad
- periovarian fat pad SubClassOf part of some female gonad
- periovarian fat pad label periovarian fat pad
- periovarian fat pad SubClassOf female anatomical structure
- periovarian fat pad definition the encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the ovaries. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- periovarian fat pad SubClassOf gonadal fat pad
- periovarian fat pad has related synonym ovarian fat pad
- periovarian fat pad has exact synonym periovarian fat depot
- periovarian fat pad database cross reference MA:0003064
- periovarian fat pad id UBERON:0018131
- periovarian fat pad has obo namespace uberon
New Class : monotreme bill
- monotreme bill has related synonym platypus beak
- monotreme bill has related synonym montreme beak
- monotreme bill SubClassOf snout
- monotreme bill has broad synonym beak
- monotreme bill has narrow synonym platypus bill
- monotreme bill has obo namespace uberon
- monotreme bill id UBERON:0018133
- monotreme bill label monotreme bill
- monotreme bill definition An elongated snout found in monotremes.
New Class : tail fat pad
- tail fat pad has obo namespace uberon
- tail fat pad EquivalentTo fat pad and part of some post-anal tail
- tail fat pad id UBERON:0018132
- tail fat pad label tail fat pad
- tail fat pad present in taxon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9305
- tail fat pad has exact synonym tail fat depot
- tail fat pad present in taxon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9258
- tail fat pad definition Encapsulated adipose tissue that is part of a tail. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- tail fat pad SubClassOf tail connective tissue
- tail fat pad SubClassOf part of some post-anal tail
- tail fat pad taxon notes The platypus uses its tail for storage of fat reserves (an adaptation also found in animals such as the Tasmanian devil and fat-tailed sheep) { source=WP }
- tail fat pad SubClassOf fat pad
- tail fat pad present in taxon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9935
- tail fat pad see also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_fat
New Class : fibrocollagenous connective tissue
- fibrocollagenous connective tissue SubClassOf fibrous connective tissue
- fibrocollagenous connective tissue database cross reference FMA:83521
- fibrocollagenous connective tissue label fibrocollagenous connective tissue
- fibrocollagenous connective tissue id UBERON:0018135
- fibrocollagenous connective tissue has obo namespace uberon
New Class : rugal fold of scrotum
- rugal fold of scrotum label rugal fold of scrotum
- rugal fold of scrotum SubClassOf part of some scrotum skin
- rugal fold of scrotum has obo namespace uberon
- rugal fold of scrotum id UBERON:0018134
- rugal fold of scrotum definition A folded ridge of skin that is part of a scrotum superficial to the dartos muscle
- rugal fold of scrotum has exact synonym folded ridge of skin of scrotum { has synonym type=plural term }
- rugal fold of scrotum SubClassOf scrotum skin
- rugal fold of scrotum has exact synonym scrotal rugae { has synonym type=plural term }
New Class : premaxillary fenestra
- premaxillary fenestra label premaxillary fenestra
- premaxillary fenestra has obo namespace uberon
- premaxillary fenestra EquivalentTo fenestra and part of some premaxilla
- premaxillary fenestra SubClassOf part of some premaxilla
- premaxillary fenestra SubClassOf fenestra
- premaxillary fenestra id UBERON:0018137
New Class : maxillary fenestra
- maxillary fenestra SubClassOf fenestra
- maxillary fenestra has obo namespace uberon
- maxillary fenestra SubClassOf part of some maxilla
- maxillary fenestra definition a fenestra or hole which pierces the maxilla anterior to the antorbital fenestra. { database cross reference=http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryM.html }
- maxillary fenestra EquivalentTo fenestra and part of some maxilla
- maxillary fenestra id UBERON:0018136
- maxillary fenestra label maxillary fenestra
New Class : right renal medulla interstitium
- right renal medulla interstitium EquivalentTo renal medulla interstitium and part of some right kidney
- right renal medulla interstitium has obo namespace uberon
- right renal medulla interstitium id UBERON:0018120
- right renal medulla interstitium has exact synonym medullary interstitial tissue of right kidney
- right renal medulla interstitium label right renal medulla interstitium
- right renal medulla interstitium SubClassOf left kidney interstitium
- right renal medulla interstitium SubClassOf part of some right kidney
- right renal medulla interstitium SubClassOf renal medulla interstitium
New Class : right renal cortex interstitium
- right renal cortex interstitium SubClassOf left kidney interstitium
- right renal cortex interstitium SubClassOf part of some right kidney
- right renal cortex interstitium has obo namespace uberon
- right renal cortex interstitium SubClassOf renal cortex interstitium
- right renal cortex interstitium has exact synonym cortical interstitial tissue of right kidney
- right renal cortex interstitium label right renal cortex interstitium
- right renal cortex interstitium id UBERON:0018118
- right renal cortex interstitium EquivalentTo renal cortex interstitium and part of some right kidney
New Class : left renal medulla interstitium
- left renal medulla interstitium has exact synonym medullary interstitial tissue of left kidney
- left renal medulla interstitium label left renal medulla interstitium
- left renal medulla interstitium SubClassOf renal medulla interstitium
- left renal medulla interstitium has obo namespace uberon
- left renal medulla interstitium id UBERON:0018119
- left renal medulla interstitium EquivalentTo renal medulla interstitium and part of some left kidney
- left renal medulla interstitium SubClassOf part of some left kidney
- left renal medulla interstitium SubClassOf right kidney interstitium
New Class : right renal pelvis
- right renal pelvis EquivalentTo renal pelvis and part of some right ureter
- right renal pelvis SubClassOf renal pelvis
- right renal pelvis database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/243419002
- right renal pelvis label right renal pelvis
- right renal pelvis has exact synonym pelvis of right kidney { database cross reference=FMA:15578 }
- right renal pelvis has obo namespace uberon
- right renal pelvis SubClassOf part of some right ureter
- right renal pelvis has exact synonym pelvis of right ureter { database cross reference=FMA:15578 }
- right renal pelvis database cross reference FMA:15578
- right renal pelvis id UBERON:0018116
New Class : left renal cortex interstitium
- left renal cortex interstitium EquivalentTo renal cortex interstitium and part of some left kidney
- left renal cortex interstitium has exact synonym cortical interstitial tissue of left kidney
- left renal cortex interstitium SubClassOf right kidney interstitium
- left renal cortex interstitium SubClassOf part of some left kidney
- left renal cortex interstitium id UBERON:0018117
- left renal cortex interstitium SubClassOf renal cortex interstitium
- left renal cortex interstitium has obo namespace uberon
- left renal cortex interstitium label left renal cortex interstitium
New Class : right kidney interstitium
- right kidney interstitium SubClassOf part of some left kidney
- right kidney interstitium label right kidney interstitium
- right kidney interstitium id UBERON:0018114
- right kidney interstitium has obo namespace uberon
- right kidney interstitium EquivalentTo kidney interstitium and part of some left kidney
- right kidney interstitium has exact synonym stroma of left kidney { database cross reference=FMA:74271 }
- right kidney interstitium database cross reference FMA:74271
- right kidney interstitium SubClassOf kidney interstitium
- right kidney interstitium has exact synonym left renal stroma { database cross reference=FMA:74271 }
New Class : left renal pelvis
- left renal pelvis has exact synonym pelvis of left ureter { database cross reference=FMA:15579 }
- left renal pelvis label left renal pelvis
- left renal pelvis EquivalentTo renal pelvis and part of some left ureter
- left renal pelvis SubClassOf part of some left ureter
- left renal pelvis has exact synonym renal pelvis of left kidney { database cross reference=FMA:15579 }
- left renal pelvis database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/243436005
- left renal pelvis id UBERON:0018115
- left renal pelvis database cross reference FMA:15579
- left renal pelvis SubClassOf renal pelvis
- left renal pelvis has obo namespace uberon
New Class : rectum smooth muscle tissue
- rectum smooth muscle tissue label rectum smooth muscle tissue
- rectum smooth muscle tissue has exact synonym rectal smooth muscle tissue
- rectum smooth muscle tissue has exact synonym smooth muscle of rectum
- rectum smooth muscle tissue SubClassOf large intestine smooth muscle
- rectum smooth muscle tissue id UBERON:0018112
- rectum smooth muscle tissue EquivalentTo smooth muscle tissue and part of some rectum
- rectum smooth muscle tissue definition Any portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of the rectum { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- rectum smooth muscle tissue SubClassOf part of some rectum
- rectum smooth muscle tissue SubClassOf anal region smooth muscle
- rectum smooth muscle tissue has obo namespace uberon
- rectum smooth muscle tissue has exact synonym rectum smooth muscle
New Class : left kidney interstitium
- left kidney interstitium id UBERON:0018113
- left kidney interstitium SubClassOf kidney interstitium
- left kidney interstitium database cross reference FMA:74270
- left kidney interstitium has obo namespace uberon
- left kidney interstitium label left kidney interstitium
- left kidney interstitium has exact synonym stroma of right kidney { database cross reference=FMA:74270 }
- left kidney interstitium EquivalentTo kidney interstitium and part of some right kidney
- left kidney interstitium SubClassOf part of some right kidney
- left kidney interstitium has exact synonym right renal stroma { database cross reference=FMA:74270 }
New Class : posterior auricular muscle
- posterior auricular muscle has obo namespace uberon
- posterior auricular muscle has related synonym post auricular muscle { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_auricular_muscle }
- posterior auricular muscle SubClassOf extrinsic auricular muscle
- posterior auricular muscle database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244761000
- posterior auricular muscle has related synonym post-auricular muscle { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_auricular_muscle }
- posterior auricular muscle id UBERON:0018110
- posterior auricular muscle database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_auricular_muscle
- posterior auricular muscle label posterior auricular muscle
- posterior auricular muscle has exact synonym auricularis posterior { database cross reference=FMA:46857 }
- posterior auricular muscle definition The posterior auricular muscle consists of two or three fleshy fasciculi, which arise from the mastoid portion of the temporal bone by short aponeurotic fibers. They are inserted into the lower part of the cranial surface of the concha. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_auricular_muscle_muscle }
- posterior auricular muscle database cross reference FMA:46857
New Class : muscle layer of rectum
- muscle layer of rectum has exact synonym muscular coat of rectum { database cross reference=FMA:15035 }
- muscle layer of rectum has exact synonym tunica muscularis (rectum) { database cross reference=FMA:15035 }
- muscle layer of rectum database cross reference FMA:15035
- muscle layer of rectum has obo namespace uberon
- muscle layer of rectum has exact synonym tunica muscularis recti { database cross reference=FMA:TA }
- muscle layer of rectum has exact synonym muscularis externa of rectum { database cross reference=FMA:15035 }
- muscle layer of rectum label muscle layer of rectum
- muscle layer of rectum has exact synonym rectal muscularis propria { database cross reference=FMA:15035 }
- muscle layer of rectum SubClassOf muscle layer of large intestine
- muscle layer of rectum id UBERON:0018111
- muscle layer of rectum EquivalentTo muscle layer and part of some rectum
- muscle layer of rectum SubClassOf part of some rectum
- muscle layer of rectum definition A muscle layer that is part of the rectum { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
New Class : posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus SubClassOf endoderm-derived structure
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus has exact synonym musculus sphincter palatopharyngeus { database cross reference=FMA:TA }
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus has exact synonym velopharyngeal sphincter { database cross reference=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/velopharyngeal+sphincter }
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus id UBERON:0018103
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus SubClassOf part of some palatopharyngeus muscle
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus label posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus database cross reference FMA:46684
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus has exact synonym fasciculus posterior (musculus palatopharyngeus) { database cross reference=FMA:46684 }
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus has obo namespace uberon
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus SubClassOf organ part
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus has exact synonym palatopharyngeal sphincter { database cross reference=FMA:46684 }
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus definition The thinner portion of the muscle of the palatopharyngeal arch, originating in the region of the midline where its fibers interdigitate with the contralateral partner, then passing posterior to the levator veli palatini muscle to join the longitudinal layer of pharyngeal musculature; acts as a sort of sphincter, reducing the caliber of the isthmus of fauces at the palatopharyngeal arch. { database cross reference=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/velopharyngeal+sphincter }
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
- posterior fascicle of palatopharyngeus database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244801005
New Class : parafoveal part of retina
- parafoveal part of retina SubClassOf surrounds some fovea centralis
- parafoveal part of retina label parafoveal part of retina
- parafoveal part of retina definition The intermediate belt surrounding the fovea centralis { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- parafoveal part of retina has related synonym parafoveal belt
- parafoveal part of retina structure notes ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five rows of cells, as well as the highest density of cones
- parafoveal part of retina SubClassOf part of some macula lutea
- parafoveal part of retina SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
- parafoveal part of retina has related synonym parafoveal retina
- parafoveal part of retina database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/264120002
- parafoveal part of retina id UBERON:0018104
- parafoveal part of retina has obo namespace uberon
- parafoveal part of retina SubClassOf organ part
New Class : perifoveal part of retina
- perifoveal part of retina structure notes the ganglion cell layer contains two to four rows of cells
- perifoveal part of retina has obo namespace uberon
- perifoveal part of retina database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/280617008
- perifoveal part of retina definition The outermost region surrounding the fovea centralis { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- perifoveal part of retina has related synonym perifoveal retina
- perifoveal part of retina SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
- perifoveal part of retina label perifoveal part of retina
- perifoveal part of retina SubClassOf organ part
- perifoveal part of retina has related synonym perifoveal belt
- perifoveal part of retina id UBERON:0018105
- perifoveal part of retina SubClassOf surrounds some fovea centralis
- perifoveal part of retina SubClassOf part of some macula lutea
New Class : foveola of retina
- foveola of retina definition A region of the fovea centralis that in humans is approximately 0.35 mm in diameter and lies in the center of the fovea and contains only cone cells, and a cone-shaped zone of Müller cells
- foveola of retina has related synonym foveola
- foveola of retina database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foveola
- foveola of retina database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/399857002
- foveola of retina id UBERON:0018107
- foveola of retina label foveola of retina
- foveola of retina SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
- foveola of retina has obo namespace uberon
- foveola of retina SubClassOf part of some fovea centralis
- foveola of retina SubClassOf organ part
New Class : superior auricular muscle
- superior auricular muscle id UBERON:0018108
- superior auricular muscle has obo namespace uberon
- superior auricular muscle SubClassOf extrinsic auricular muscle
- superior auricular muscle database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244759009
- superior auricular muscle database cross reference FMA:46855
- superior auricular muscle database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_auricular_muscle
- superior auricular muscle label superior auricular muscle
- superior auricular muscle definition The superior auricular muscle, the largest of the three auriculares muscles, is also thin and fan-shaped. Its fibers arise from the galea aponeurotica, and converge to be inserted by a thin, flattened tendon into the upper part of the cranial surface of the auricula. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_auricular_muscle }
- superior auricular muscle has exact synonym auricularis superior { database cross reference=FMA:46855 }
New Class : anterior auricular muscle
- anterior auricular muscle label anterior auricular muscle
- anterior auricular muscle has obo namespace uberon
- anterior auricular muscle SubClassOf extrinsic auricular muscle
- anterior auricular muscle definition The anterior auricular muscle, the smallest of the three auriculares muscles, is thin and fan-shaped, and its fibers are pale and indistinct. It arises from the lateral edge of the galea aponeurotica, and its fibers converge to be inserted into a projection on the front of the helix. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_auricular_muscle_muscle }
- anterior auricular muscle database cross reference FMA:46856
- anterior auricular muscle id UBERON:0018109
- anterior auricular muscle has exact synonym auricularis anterior { database cross reference=FMA:46856 }
- anterior auricular muscle database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_auricular_muscle
New Class : distal mesopodial cartilage element
- distal mesopodial cartilage element SubClassOf autopod cartilage
- distal mesopodial cartilage element id UBERON:0018100
- distal mesopodial cartilage element SubClassOf distal mesopodial endochondral element
- distal mesopodial cartilage element label distal mesopodial cartilage element
- distal mesopodial cartilage element SubClassOf develops from some distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation
- distal mesopodial cartilage element has obo namespace uberon
- distal mesopodial cartilage element EquivalentTo distal mesopodial endochondral element and composed primarily of some cartilage tissue
- distal mesopodial cartilage element SubClassOf composed primarily of some cartilage tissue
New Class : distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation
- distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf composed primarily of some pre-cartilage condensation
- distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf distal mesopodial endochondral element
- distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation label distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation
- distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation EquivalentTo distal mesopodial endochondral element and composed primarily of some pre-cartilage condensation
- distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation id UBERON:0018101
- distal mesopodial pre-cartilage condensation has obo namespace uberon
New Class : distal mesopodial bone
- distal mesopodial bone id UBERON:0018102
- distal mesopodial bone label distal mesopodial bone
- distal mesopodial bone SubClassOf develops from some distal mesopodial cartilage element
- distal mesopodial bone has obo namespace uberon
- distal mesopodial bone SubClassOf mesopodium bone
- distal mesopodial bone EquivalentTo distal mesopodial endochondral element and composed primarily of some bone tissue
- distal mesopodial bone SubClassOf distal mesopodial endochondral element
- distal mesopodial bone SubClassOf composed primarily of some bone tissue
New Class : proximal mesopodial endochondral element
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element label proximal mesopodial endochondral element
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element EquivalentTo endochondral element and part of some mesopodium region and connected to some zeugopodial skeleton
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element id UBERON:0017750
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element SubClassOf autopod endochondral element
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element SubClassOf part of some mesopodial skeleton
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element has obo namespace uberon
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element definition A mesopodial endochondral element that is in the most proximal part of the mesopodial skeleton, connected to the zeugopodial skeleton. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element SubClassOf part of some mesopodium region
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element editor note awaiting approval by phenoscape curators
- proximal mesopodial endochondral element SubClassOf connected to some zeugopodial skeleton
New Class : proximal mesopodial cartilage element
- proximal mesopodial cartilage element SubClassOf composed primarily of some cartilage tissue
- proximal mesopodial cartilage element EquivalentTo proximal mesopodial endochondral element and composed primarily of some cartilage tissue
- proximal mesopodial cartilage element has obo namespace uberon
- proximal mesopodial cartilage element label proximal mesopodial cartilage element
- proximal mesopodial cartilage element SubClassOf proximal mesopodial endochondral element
- proximal mesopodial cartilage element SubClassOf autopod cartilage
- proximal mesopodial cartilage element id UBERON:0017751
Changed Class objects: 1427
Changes for: base of crypt of lieberkuhn
- Deleted
- - base of crypt of lieberkuhn taxon notes Clearly defined prolifieration zones found in mammals. Not observed in agnathostomes, larval amphibians. Described in advanced species of fish and adult amphibians. [ISBN:9780521617147]
- Added
- + base of crypt of lieberkuhn taxon notes Clearly defined prolifieration zones found in mammals. Not observed in agnathostomes, larval amphibians. Described in advanced species of fish and adult amphibians. { source=ISBN:9780521617147 }
Changes for: dartos muscle of scrotum
- Deleted
- - dartos muscle of scrotum external ontology notes the FMA class appears to belong here due to its synonyms. Function notes: The tunica dartos acts to regulate the temperature of the testicles, which promotes spermatogenesis. It does this by expanding or contracting to wrinkle the scrotal skin. The wrinkled (rugose) appearance of the scrotum is due to this layer of fascia[WP] { external ontology=FMA }
- Added
- + dartos muscle of scrotum external ontology notes the FMA class appears to belong here due to its synonyms. { external ontology=FMA }
- + dartos muscle of scrotum function notes The tunica dartos acts to regulate the temperature of the testicles, which promotes spermatogenesis. It does this by expanding or contracting to wrinkle the scrotal skin. The wrinkled (rugose) appearance of the scrotum is due to this layer of fascia { source=WP }
Changes for: ilio-marsupialis muscle
- Deleted
- - ilio-marsupialis muscle comment Associated with lumbar musculature. originally postulated to be involved in mile ejection, or for mammary support and for retraction of the teats.
- Added
- + ilio-marsupialis muscle function notes Associated with lumbar musculature. originally postulated to be involved in mile ejection, or for mammary support and for retraction of the teats.
Changes for: body proper
- Added
Changes for: digit 3 digitopodial skeleton
- Deleted
- - digit 3 digitopodial skeleton comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a “digit”, but the label “digit” is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
- Added
- + digit 3 digitopodial skeleton curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a ‘digit’, but the label ‘digit’ is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
Changes for: digit 4 digitopodial skeleton
- Deleted
- - digit 4 digitopodial skeleton comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a “digit”, but the label “digit” is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
- Added
- + digit 4 digitopodial skeleton curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a ‘digit’, but the label ‘digit’ is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
Changes for: digit 5 digitopodial skeleton
- Deleted
- - digit 5 digitopodial skeleton comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a “digit”, but the label “digit” is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
- Added
- + digit 5 digitopodial skeleton curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a ‘digit’, but the label ‘digit’ is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
Changes for: digit 2 digitopodial skeleton
- Deleted
- - digit 2 digitopodial skeleton comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a “digit”, but the label “digit” is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
- Added
- + digit 2 digitopodial skeleton curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a ‘digit’, but the label ‘digit’ is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
Changes for: digit 1 digitopodial skeleton
- Deleted
- - digit 1 digitopodial skeleton comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a “digit”, but the label “digit” is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
- Added
- + digit 1 digitopodial skeleton curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a ‘digit’, but the label ‘digit’ is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
Changes for: venom gland
- Deleted
- - venom gland comment Note we include a separate class for snake venom glands
- Added
- + venom gland curator notes we include a separate class for snake venom glands
Changes for: sphincter colli superficialis muscle
- Added
- + sphincter colli superficialis muscle taxon notes M. sphincter colli superficialis is present in Lagomorpha but absent in Rodentia (Meinertz, 1941, 1942; Ryan, 1989; Rinker, 1954). Some errouneous references of this muscle in rodents (e.g., Bezuidenhout and Evans, 2005) are due to decussating fibers of the deep sphincter, which creates a false superficial sphincter (Ryan, 1989)
Changes for: lenticular process of incus
- Deleted
- - lenticular process of incus comment the lenticular process may be homologous to the shaft of the stapes and result from fusion of the former quadrate- stapes articulation. This speculation is consistent with the observation that artiodactyls have a very short lenticular process (Thewissen & Hussain (1993)), with perhaps greater length to the corresponding process of the stapes[http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/ear/incus.html]
- Added
- + lenticular process of incus taxon notes the lenticular process may be homologous to the shaft of the stapes and result from fusion of the former quadrate- stapes articulation. This speculation is consistent with the observation that artiodactyls have a very short lenticular process (Thewissen & Hussain (1993)), with perhaps greater length to the corresponding process of the stapes { source=http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/ear/incus.html }
Changes for: platypus crural gland
- Deleted
- - platypus crural gland definition A kidney-shaped alveolar glands located in the upper thigh connected by a thin-walled duct to a calcaneus spur, or calcar, on each hind lim { database cross reference=Spur and crural gland }
- Added
- + platypus crural gland definition A kidney-shaped alveolar glands located in the upper thigh connected by a thin-walled duct to a calcaneus spur, or calcar, on each hind limb. { database cross reference=Spur and crural gland }
Changes for: supracoracoideus muscle of wing
- Deleted
- - supracoracoideus muscle of wing comment Action: levator of the wing
- Added
- + supracoracoideus muscle of wing actions notes levator of the wing
Changes for: stylohyoid bone
- Deleted
- - stylohyoid bone taxon notes The stylohyoid bone is one of the four bones ( stylohyoid, ceratohyoid, basihyoid, thyrohyoid) of the hyoid apparatus in the horse. Other species have five bones, the fifth being the epihyoid that is not present in the horse. The stylohyoid bone in the horse is significantly larger compared to other bones of the hyoid apparatus and divides the guttural pouch into two chambers, medial and lateral. The hyoid apparatus consists of a series of bony rods, jointed together and forming a means of suspending the tongue and larynx from the skull[MURDOCH]
- Added
- + stylohyoid bone taxon notes The stylohyoid bone is one of the four bones ( stylohyoid, ceratohyoid, basihyoid, thyrohyoid) of the hyoid apparatus in the horse. Other species have five bones, the fifth being the epihyoid that is not present in the horse. The stylohyoid bone in the horse is significantly larger compared to other bones of the hyoid apparatus and divides the guttural pouch into two chambers, medial and lateral. The hyoid apparatus consists of a series of bony rods, jointed together and forming a means of suspending the tongue and larynx from the skull { source=MURDOCH }
Changes for: pleural plate of carapace
- Deleted
- - pleural plate of carapace comment A combination of ribs and fused dermal bone[WP]
- Added
- + pleural plate of carapace structure notes A combination of ribs and fused dermal bone { source=WP }
Changes for: neural plate of carapace
- Deleted
- - neural plate of carapace taxon notes In many species of Pleurodire they are submerged below the pleurals[WP]
- Added
- + neural plate of carapace taxon notes In many species of Pleurodire they are submerged below the pleurals { source=WP }
Changes for: proximal tarsal bone
- Deleted
- - proximal tarsal bone EquivalentTo tarsal bone and connected to some hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
- - proximal tarsal bone SubClassOf connected to some hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
- - proximal tarsal bone SubClassOf part of some tarsal skeleton
- Added
- + proximal tarsal bone EquivalentTo proximal tarsal endochondral element and composed primarily of some bone tissue
- + proximal tarsal bone SubClassOf composed primarily of some bone tissue
- + proximal tarsal bone SubClassOf proximal tarsal endochondral element
Changes for: trunk vertebra
- Deleted
- - trunk vertebra definition A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes cervical, caudal, sacral (if present). { database cross reference=UBERONREF:0000006 }
- Added
- + trunk vertebra definition A vertebra in the trunk region. For tetrapods, includes lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. Excludes caudal/coccygeal vertebra, which are located posteriorly. In tetrapods this includes thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and excludes the cervical vertebrae, which are located anteriorly. { database cross reference=UBERONREF:0000006 }
- + trunk vertebra external ontology notes in TAO this is defined as post-Weberian, this may not precisely align with the definition of being part of the trunk { external ontology=TAO }
- + trunk vertebra has related synonym presacral vertebra { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
Changes for: levator palatoquadrati
- Deleted
- - levator palatoquadrati taxon notes In some fishes such as the chimera and in tetrapods the palatoquadrate becomes fused to the braincase and this muscle is absent. { source=Kardong }
- Added
- + levator palatoquadrati taxon notes In some fishes such as the chimera and in tetrapods the palatoquadrate becomes fused to the braincase and this muscle is absent. { source=ISBN10:0073040584 }
Changes for: adductor mandibulae
- Deleted
- - adductor mandibulae taxon notes In teleosts, the complex is composed of several derived muscles that attach to different parts of the highly kinetic skull. { source=Kardong , taxon=NCBITaxon:32443 }
- Added
- + adductor mandibulae taxon notes In teleosts, the complex is composed of several derived muscles that attach to different parts of the highly kinetic skull. { source=ISBN10:0073040584 , taxon=NCBITaxon:32443 }
Changes for: spiracularis muscle
- Deleted
- - spiracularis muscle comment Found in sharks[Kardong]
- Added
Changes for: frontal process of maxilla
- Deleted
- - frontal process of maxilla SubClassOf anatomical projection
- Added
- + frontal process of maxilla SubClassOf mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
- + frontal process of maxilla SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure
- + frontal process of maxilla SubClassOf part of some maxilla
- + frontal process of maxilla SubClassOf skeletal element projection
- + frontal process of maxilla has related synonym nasal process of maxilla { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_process_of_maxilla }
Changes for: digestive system element
- Deleted
- - digestive system organ label digestive system organ
- Added
- + digestive system element definition Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + digestive system element has exact synonym digestive system organ
- + digestive system element label digestive system element
Changes for: ectopterygoid bone
- Deleted
- - ectopterygoid bone comment Provenance notes: taken from TAO but is present in tetrapods
- Added
- + ectopterygoid bone external ontology notes taken from TAO but is present in tetrapods { external ontology=TAO }
Changes for: surangular bone
- Deleted
- - surangular bone taxon notes Nevertheless, it is not completely clear that this[osteichthyans] surangular is homologous with the surangular in tetrapods[paleos]
- Added
- + surangular bone taxon notes Nevertheless, it is not completely clear that this[osteichthyans] surangular is homologous with the surangular in tetrapods { source=paleos }
Changes for: depressor mandibulae muscle
- Deleted
- - depressor mandibulae muscle taxon notes Homolog of levator operculi and epihyoidean - or in mammals, the stapedius (the digastric opens the jaws)[Kardong] The (sphenodon) m. Depressor Mandibulae originates from the posterodorsal edge of the parietal and squamosal, and from a small mid-line portion of connective tissue[http://palaeo-electronica.org/2009_2/179/other.htm]
- Added
- + depressor mandibulae muscle taxon notes Homolog of levator operculi and epihyoidean - or in mammals, the stapedius (the digastric opens the jaws)[Kardong] The (sphenodon) m. Depressor Mandibulae originates from the posterodorsal edge of the parietal and squamosal, and from a small mid-line portion of connective tissue { source=http://palaeo-electronica.org/2009_2/179/other.htm }
Changes for: levator operculi
- Deleted
- - levator operculi comment inserts onto operculum[Kardong]
- Added
- + levator operculi SubClassOf has muscle insertion some opercle
Changes for: interclavicle
- Deleted
- - interclavicle comment See discussion on pectoral girdles - change relationship to overlaps? Kardong: enlarged oval scale. // Present in therapids and monotremes, reduced in size in marsupials and placentals.
- Added
- + interclavicle database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interclavicle
- + interclavicle editor note See discussion on pectoral girdles - change relationship to overlaps? Kardong: enlarged oval scale
- + interclavicle has exact synonym interclavicle bone { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + interclavicle present in taxon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9257
- + interclavicle taxon notes Present in therapids and monotremes, reduced in size in marsupials and placentals. In birds, the interclavicle is fused with the clavicles to form the furcula (wishbone); the furcula forms a ‘Y’ shape and the interclavicle is the stem of the ‘Y’.
Changes for: dorsal head of rib
- Deleted
- - dorsal head of rib taxon notes Ribs of primitive tetrapods are bicipital (having two heads)[Kardong]
- Added
- + dorsal head of rib taxon notes Ribs of primitive tetrapods are bicipital (having two heads) { source=ISBN10:0073040584 }
Changes for: diapophysis of rib
- Deleted
- - diapophysis of rib has exact synonym diapophysis { database cross reference=AAO:0000706 }
- Added
- + diapophysis of rib SubClassOf connected to some dorsal head of rib
- + diapophysis of rib editor note taken from AAO, requires attention of amphibian anatomy experts, in particular, relationship to transverse processes
- + diapophysis of rib has broad synonym diapophysis { database cross reference=AAO:0000706 }
- + diapophysis of rib has broad synonym transverse process { database cross reference=AAO:0000706 }
Changes for: ventral head of rib
- Deleted
- - ventral head of rib comment .
- - ventral head of rib taxon notes Ribs of primitive tetrapods are bicipital (having two heads)[Kardong]
- Added
- + ventral head of rib taxon notes Ribs of primitive tetrapods are bicipital (having two heads) { source=ISBN10:0073040584 }
Changes for: manual digit 5 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - manual digit 5 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + manual digit 5 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: manual digit 4 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - manual digit 4 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + manual digit 4 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: manual digit 3 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - manual digit 3 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + manual digit 3 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: manual digit 2 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - manual digit 2 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + manual digit 2 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: pedal digit 5 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - pedal digit 5 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + pedal digit 5 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: pedal digit 4 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - pedal digit 4 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + pedal digit 4 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: pedal digit 1 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - pedal digit 1 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + pedal digit 1 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: pedal digit 2 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - pedal digit 2 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + pedal digit 2 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: anterior prenasal cartilage
- Deleted
- Added
- + anterior prenasal cartilage SubClassOf nasal cartilage
Changes for: pedal digit plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - pedal digit plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + pedal digit plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: manual digit 1 plus metapodial segment
- Deleted
- - manual digit 1 plus metapodial segment comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
- Added
- + manual digit 1 plus metapodial segment curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. { source=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 }
Changes for: superficial fascia
- Deleted
- - superficial fascia comment We follow FMA, BTO, NCIT and WP in making this a distinct class from hypodermis.
- Added
- + superficial fascia external ontology notes we follow FMA, BTO, NCIT and WP in making this a distinct class from hypodermis. { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: dense irregular connective tissue
- Added
- + dense irregular connective tissue EquivalentTo irregular connective tissue and composed primarily of some collection of collagen fibrils
- + dense irregular connective tissue SubClassOf composed primarily of some collection of collagen fibrils
- + dense irregular connective tissue SubClassOf dense connective tissue
Changes for: dense connective tissue
- Added
- + dense connective tissue EquivalentTo connective tissue and composed primarily of some collection of collagen fibrils
- + dense connective tissue SubClassOf composed primarily of some collection of collagen fibrils
- + dense connective tissue editor note our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid.
Changes for: collection of collagen fibrils
- Deleted
- - collagen fibril label collagen fibril
- Added
- + collection of collagen fibrils label collection of collagen fibrils
Changes for: muscle layer of esophagus
- Added
- + muscle layer of esophagus structure notes In the upper esophagus, part of the externa is skeletal muscle, rather than smooth muscle { source=WP }
Changes for: angular bone
- Deleted
- - angular bone comment The angular fuses with the articular bone in clupeocephalans forming the anguloarticular.
- Added
- + angular bone taxon notes The angular fuses with the articular bone in clupeocephalans forming the anguloarticular.
Changes for: mammary gland
- Deleted
- - mammary gland external ontology notes The FMA class represents an individule lobe
- - mammary gland taxon notes The mammary glands of humans are in the thoracid/breast region. In other mammals they may be located in other locations.
- Added
- + mammary gland external ontology notes The BTO class represents the combination of nipple plus lobe
- + mammary gland external ontology notes The FMA class represents an individule lobe. The nipple is not a part
- + mammary gland external ontology notes The MA class represents a composite structure, including the nipple, fat, connective tissue, smooth muscle as parts
- + mammary gland has narrow synonym milk patch { database cross reference=NCBITaxon:9255 }
- + mammary gland taxon notes The mammary glands of humans are in the thoracid/breast region. In other mammals they may be located elsewhere on the mammary ridges.
Changes for: corpus spongiosum of penis
- Deleted
- - corpus spongiosum of penis function notes The function of the corpus spongiosum in erection is to prevent the urethra from pinching closed, thereby maintaining the urethra as a viable channel for ejaculation. To do this, the corpus spongiosum remains pliable during erection while the corpora cavernosum penis becomes engorged with blood.[WP]
- Added
- + corpus spongiosum of penis function notes The function of the corpus spongiosum in erection is to prevent the urethra from pinching closed, thereby maintaining the urethra as a viable channel for ejaculation. To do this, the corpus spongiosum remains pliable during erection while the corpora cavernosum penis becomes engorged with blood. { source=WP }
Changes for: endothelium of capillary
- Deleted
- - endothelium of capillary comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + endothelium of capillary editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lobule of mammary gland
- Deleted
- - lobule of lactiferous gland SubClassOf organ part
- - lobule of lactiferous gland database cross reference BTO:0004718
- - lobule of lactiferous gland editor note TODO - ensure correct terminology for lobes/lobules. FMA uses lobule for core term, but also has ‘set of mammary gland lobes’. ISBN10:0123813611 states no separate lobes in mouse
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has exact synonym acinus of mammary gland
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has exact synonym lactiferous acinus
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has exact synonym lactiferous gland lobule
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has exact synonym lactiferous lobule
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has exact synonym lobule of mammary gland
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has exact synonym mammary acinus
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has exact synonym mammary gland lobule
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has related synonym breast lobe { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 }
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has related synonym lobe of breast { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 }
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has related synonym lobe of mammary gland { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 }
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has related synonym lobi glandulae mammariae { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 }
- - lobule of lactiferous gland has related synonym lobus glandulae mammariae { database cross reference=BTO:0004718 }
- - lobule of lactiferous gland label lobule of lactiferous gland
- Added
- + lobule of mammary gland SubClassOf lobule
- + lobule of mammary gland editor note TODO - ensure correct terminology for lobes/lobules. In mouse there are no distinct lobes (ISBN10:0123813611), here lobule appears to be synonymous with acinus
- + lobule of mammary gland has exact synonym acinus of mammary gland { database cross reference=FMA:62090 }
- + lobule of mammary gland has exact synonym lactiferous acinus { database cross reference=FMA:62090 }
- + lobule of mammary gland has exact synonym lactiferous gland lobule { database cross reference=FMA:62090 }
- + lobule of mammary gland has exact synonym lactiferous lobule { database cross reference=FMA:62090 }
- + lobule of mammary gland has exact synonym lobule of lactiferous gland { database cross reference=FMA:62090 }
- + lobule of mammary gland has exact synonym lobule of mammary gland { database cross reference=FMA:62090 }
- + lobule of mammary gland has exact synonym mammary acinus { database cross reference=FMA:62090 }
- + lobule of mammary gland has exact synonym mammary gland lobule { database cross reference=MA:0000793 }
- + lobule of mammary gland label lobule of mammary gland
Changes for: endothelium of venule
- Deleted
- - endothelium of venule comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + endothelium of venule editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: endothelium of vein
- Deleted
- - endothelium of vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + endothelium of vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: endothelium of arteriole
- Deleted
- - endothelium of arteriole comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + endothelium of arteriole editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: endothelium of artery
- Deleted
- - endothelium of artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + endothelium of artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: epithelium of trachea
- Deleted
- - epithelium of trachea comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + epithelium of trachea editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: epithelium of small intestine
- Deleted
- - epithelium of small intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + epithelium of small intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: subthalamic nucleus
- Deleted
- - subthalamic nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + subthalamic nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: optic tract
- Deleted
- - optic tract database cross reference BAMS:OT
Changes for: habenular commissure
- Deleted
- - habenular commissure comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + habenular commissure editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: tuberomammillary nucleus
- Deleted
- - tuberomammillary nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + tuberomammillary nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lateral hypothalamic nucleus
- Deleted
- - lateral hypothalamic nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral hypothalamic nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus
- Deleted
- - dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus
- Deleted
- - arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus has related synonym nucleus arcuatus hypothalami { database cross reference=BTO:0002473 }
- Added
- + arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus database cross reference BTO:0005534
- + arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- + arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus external ontology notes the semantics of the BTO class arcuate nucleus are not clear { external ontology=BTO }
Changes for: retrochiasmatic area
- Deleted
- - retrochiasmatic area comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + retrochiasmatic area editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
- Deleted
- - paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lateral preoptic nucleus
- Deleted
- - lateral preoptic nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral preoptic nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lateral mammillary nucleus
- Deleted
- - lateral mammillary nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral mammillary nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: medial mammillary nucleus
- Deleted
- - medial mammillary nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medial mammillary nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: central medial nucleus
- Deleted
- - central medial nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + central medial nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ventral lateral nucleus
- Deleted
- - ventral lateral nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ventral lateral nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: paraventricular nucleus of thalamus
- Deleted
- - paraventricular nucleus of thalamus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + paraventricular nucleus of thalamus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: reuniens nucleus
- Deleted
- - reuniens nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + reuniens nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: parafascicular nucleus
- Deleted
- - parafascicular nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + parafascicular nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: preoptic area
- Deleted
- - preoptic area comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + preoptic area editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: supraoptic nucleus
- Deleted
- - supraoptic nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + supraoptic nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: presubiculum
- Deleted
- - presubiculum comment Consider merging with BA27
- Added
- + presubiculum editor note consider merging with BA27
Changes for: epithelium of oropharynx
- Deleted
- - epithelium of oropharynx comment Histology/AO notes: Composition varies with species and time. This is classified as nonkeratinizing stratified squamous in FMA, unilaminar in EHDAA2; the majority of the pharyngeal epithelium is unilaminar in zebrafish
- Added
- + epithelium of oropharynx external ontology notes Composition varies with species and time. This is classified as nonkeratinizing stratified squamous in FMA, unilaminar in EHDAA2; the majority of the pharyngeal epithelium is unilaminar in zebrafish { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: epithelium of respiratory bronchiole
- Deleted
- - epithelium of respiratory bronchiole comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + epithelium of respiratory bronchiole editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: submucosa of bronchus
- Deleted
- - submucosa of bronchus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + submucosa of bronchus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cartilage of bronchus
- Deleted
- - cartilage of bronchus EquivalentTo cartilage tissue and part of some bronchus
- Added
- + cartilage of bronchus EquivalentTo cartilage element and part of some bronchus
Changes for: white pulp of spleen
- Deleted
- - white pulp of spleen comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + white pulp of spleen editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: epithelium of terminal bronchiole
- Deleted
- - epithelium of terminal bronchiole comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + epithelium of terminal bronchiole editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: epithelium of nasopharynx
- Deleted
- - epithelium of nasopharynx comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + epithelium of nasopharynx editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: jaw depressor muscle
- Deleted
- - jaw depressor muscle taxon notes In amphibians, ‘Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw.’ [AAO:0010655]. ‘The protractor hyoideus muscle in teleosts is commonly, albeit mistakenly, referred to as the geniohyoideus muscle, which is involved in the coracomandibularis coupling. According to Edgeworth (1935) and Winterbottom (1974), the protractor hyoideus is composed of a fusion of the intermandibularis posterior and the interhyoideus muscles which resulted in the protractor hyoideus which spans the hyoid and mandible. The intermandibularis spans the mandible while the closely apposed interhyoideus spans the hyoid in other fishes. Furthermore, they concluded that any muscle that is homologous to the geniohyoideus (coracomandibularis coupling) in other lower vertebrates has been lost in teleosts, as well as gars. However, the protractor hyoideus muscle is functionally analogous to the coracomandibularis coupling of other vertebrates and so we use it in our discussion to show the phylogenetically broad roles of these couplings in jaw mechanics.’[doi:10.1006/bijl.2000.0436]
- Added
- + jaw depressor muscle taxon notes In amphibians, ‘Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw.’ [AAO:0010655]. ‘The protractor hyoideus muscle in teleosts is commonly, albeit mistakenly, referred to as the geniohyoideus muscle, which is involved in the coracomandibularis coupling. According to Edgeworth (1935) and Winterbottom (1974), the protractor hyoideus is composed of a fusion of the intermandibularis posterior and the interhyoideus muscles which resulted in the protractor hyoideus which spans the hyoid and mandible. The intermandibularis spans the mandible while the closely apposed interhyoideus spans the hyoid in other fishes. Furthermore, they concluded that any muscle that is homologous to the geniohyoideus (coracomandibularis coupling) in other lower vertebrates has been lost in teleosts, as well as gars. However, the protractor hyoideus muscle is functionally analogous to the coracomandibularis coupling of other vertebrates and so we use it in our discussion to show the phylogenetically broad roles of these couplings in jaw mechanics.’ { source=http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bijl.2000.0436 }
Changes for: medial habenular nucleus
- Deleted
- - medial habenular nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medial habenular nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lateral habenular nucleus
- Deleted
- - lateral habenular nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral habenular nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: supramammillary nucleus
- Deleted
- - supramammillary nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + supramammillary nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: venule
- Deleted
- Added
- + venule editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: parenchyma of pancreas
- Deleted
- - parenchyma of pancreas comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + parenchyma of pancreas editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: serosa of esophagus
- Deleted
- - serosa of esophagus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + serosa of esophagus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lamina propria of esophagus
- Deleted
- - lamina propria of esophagus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lamina propria of esophagus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: serum
- Deleted
- Added
- + serum editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: bile
- Added
- + bile EquivalentTo bodily secretion and produced by some liver
Changes for: gastric juice
- Deleted
- - gastric juice comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + gastric juice editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: semen
- Deleted
- - semen taxon notes Note that in this ontology, semen is defined as the sum of sperm and seminal fluid, where seminal fluid is defined a taxonomically generic way (see comments for UBERON:0006530).
- Added
- + semen taxon notes Note that in this ontology, semen is defined as the sum of sperm and seminal fluid, where seminal fluid is defined ain taxonomically generic way (see comments for UBERON:0006530).
Changes for: reticular lamina of epithelium
- Deleted
- - reticular lamina of epithelium comment This class represents a continuous sheet of reticular lamina which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class ‘lamina reticularis’ represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell.
- Added
- + reticular lamina of epithelium curator notes this class represents a continuous sheet of reticular lamina which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class ‘lamina reticularis’ represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell.
Changes for: substantia nigra pars compacta
- Deleted
- - substantia nigra pars compacta comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + substantia nigra pars compacta editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: quadrate-articular joint
- Deleted
- - quadrate-articular joint curator notes see comments for UBERON:0004744 articular/anguloarticular. Taxon notes: over time, the synapsids’ quadrate-articular jaw joint (which the rest of the tetrapods possess) was replaced by a dentary-squamosal joint (which all living mammals possess), while the quadrate and articular migrated, shrank, and became part of the complex of middle ear bones.[http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05]
- Added
- + quadrate-articular joint curator notes over time, the synapsids’ quadrate-articular jaw joint (which the rest of the tetrapods possess) was replaced by a dentary-squamosal joint (which all living mammals possess), while the quadrate and articular migrated, shrank, and became part of the complex of middle ear bones. { source=http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05 }
- + quadrate-articular joint curator notes see comments for UBERON:0004744 articular/anguloarticular.
Changes for: joint connecting upper and lower jaws
- Deleted
- Added
- + joint connecting upper and lower jaws has broad synonym jaw joint
- + joint connecting upper and lower jaws has narrow synonym craniomandibular joint
- + joint connecting upper and lower jaws label joint connecting upper and lower jaws
- + joint connecting upper and lower jaws taxon notes Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long { source=http://evolution.berkeley.edu }
Changes for: least splanchnic nerve
- Deleted
- - least splanchnic nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + least splanchnic nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: olfactory epithelium
- Deleted
- - olfactory epithelium definition Epithelium inside the nasal cavity that is responsible for detecting odors[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_epithelium }
- - olfactory epithelium has exact synonym main olfactory epithelium { database cross reference=NCBI:NBK55971 }
- - olfactory epithelium has related synonym MOE { database cross reference=NCBI:NBK55971 , has synonym type=abbreviation }
- Added
- + olfactory epithelium definition A sensory epithelium inside the nasal cavity that is responsible for detecting odors[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_epithelium }
- + olfactory epithelium has exact synonym main olfactory epithelium { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55971 }
- + olfactory epithelium has related synonym MOE { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55971 , has synonym type=abbreviation }
Changes for: iliopsoas
- Deleted
- Added
- + iliopsoas editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cervical ganglion
- Deleted
- - cervical ganglion comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cervical ganglion editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: middle cervical ganglion
- Deleted
- - middle cervical ganglion comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + middle cervical ganglion editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: superior cervical ganglion
- Deleted
- - superior cervical ganglion comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superior cervical ganglion editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: arteriole
- Deleted
- Added
- + arteriole editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: crypt of lieberkuhn of large intestine
- Deleted
- - crypt of lieberkuhn of large intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + crypt of lieberkuhn of large intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: crypt of Lieberkuhn
- Deleted
- - crypt of Lieberkuhn taxon notes Most fish lack intestinal glands that extend into the mucosa, Gadidae (Jacobshagen 1937) and Macrouridae (Geisterdoerfer 1973( have glands at the base of surface folds throughout intestine - these have been called crypts, but cell types are the same as for surface epithelium. Crypts have been described in salamander midguts (Reeder 1964) some reptiles (Luppa 1977) and some birds (Ziswiler and Farner 1972). Reptile crypts are less developed than birds and mammals, with epithelium similar to the surface. Avian crypts vary from those with absorprive and goblet cells to those that have cells with basophilic granules[ISBN:9780521617147]
- Added
- + crypt of Lieberkuhn taxon notes Most fish lack intestinal glands that extend into the mucosa, Gadidae (Jacobshagen 1937) and Macrouridae (Geisterdoerfer 1973( have glands at the base of surface folds throughout intestine - these have been called crypts, but cell types are the same as for surface epithelium. Crypts have been described in salamander midguts (Reeder 1964) some reptiles (Luppa 1977) and some birds (Ziswiler and Farner 1972). Reptile crypts are less developed than birds and mammals, with epithelium similar to the surface. Avian crypts vary from those with absorprive and goblet cells to those that have cells with basophilic granules { source=ISBN:9780521617147 }
Changes for: capillary
- Deleted
- Added
- + capillary structure notes capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs
Changes for: intermetatarsal joint
- Deleted
- - intermetatarsal joint taxon notes In humans: The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb[WP]
- Added
- + intermetatarsal joint taxon notes In humans: The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb { source=WP }
Changes for: root of vagus nerve
- Deleted
- - root of vagus nerve comment AO notes: FMA distinguishes between roots and rootlets - we mix the two here
- Added
- + root of vagus nerve external ontology notes FMA distinguishes between roots and rootlets - we mix the two here { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: lumbosacral nerve plexus
- Deleted
- - lumbosacral nerve plexus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lumbosacral nerve plexus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: autonomic nerve plexus
- Deleted
- - autonomic nerve plexus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + autonomic nerve plexus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: brachial nerve plexus
- Deleted
- - brachial nerve plexus comment check superclass - nerve vs collection of fibers vs junction; note that FMA also has ‘brachial autonomic nerve plexus’
- Added
- + brachial nerve plexus editor note check superclass - nerve vs collection of fibers vs junction; note that FMA also has ‘brachial autonomic nerve plexus’
Changes for: paravertebral ganglion
- Deleted
- - paravertebral ganglion comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + paravertebral ganglion editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: parasympathetic ganglion
- Deleted
- - parasympathetic ganglion comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + parasympathetic ganglion editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: autonomic ganglion
- Deleted
- - autonomic ganglion comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + autonomic ganglion editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: sensory ganglion
- Deleted
- - sensory ganglion comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + sensory ganglion editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ethmoid cartilage
- Deleted
- - ethmoid cartilage comment We assume the AAO structure is cartilage
- Added
- + ethmoid cartilage external ontology notes We assume the AAO structure is cartilage { external ontology=AAO }
Changes for: procoracoid bone
- Deleted
- - procoracoid bone comment In primitive synapsis 3 centers develop in the shoulder: the dorsal center gives rise to the scapula and the two ventral centers produce an anterior coracoid (procoracoid) and posterior coracoid (coracoid). Editor notes: VSAO sais that the procoracoid+coracoid are homologous to the teleost coracoid. Consider adding a separate class for posterior coracoid.
- - procoracoid bone homology notes Kardong states that the procoracoid (or the anterior part of the procoracoid) is homologous to the coracoid, but this is controversial { is about=UBERON:0004743 , source=Kardong }
- Added
- + procoracoid bone editor note VSAO sais that the procoracoid+coracoid are homologous to the teleost coracoid. Consider adding a separate class for posterior coracoid.
- + procoracoid bone homology notes Kardong states that the procoracoid (or the anterior part of the procoracoid) is homologous to the coracoid, but this is controversial { is about=UBERON:0004743 , source=ISBN10:0073040584 }
- + procoracoid bone taxon notes In primitive synapsis 3 centers develop in the shoulder: the dorsal center gives rise to the scapula and the two ventral centers produce an anterior coracoid (procoracoid) and posterior coracoid (coracoid)
Changes for: hypothalamus
- Deleted
- - hypothalamus comment .
- - hypothalamus taxon notes all vertebrates contain a hypothalamus[WP]
- Added
- + hypothalamus taxon notes all vertebrates contain a hypothalamus { source=WP }
Changes for: phrenic nerve
- Deleted
- - phrenic nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + phrenic nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: olfactory tubercle
- Deleted
- - olfactory tubercle SubClassOf cerebral hemisphere grey matter
- - olfactory tubercle SubClassOf part of some cerebral hemisphere
- - olfactory tubercle SubClassOf segmental subdivision of nervous system
- - olfactory tubercle SubClassOf tubercle
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference BAMS:APS
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference FMA:61891
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference UMLS:C0162436 { source=NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1096 }
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=282
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=282 { source=NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1096 }
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_perforated_substance
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0162436
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/birnlex_1096
- - olfactory tubercle database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/369108006
- - olfactory tubercle external definition Subdivision of telencephalon which is a region on the ventro-medial aspect of the telencephalon penetrated by numerous blood vessels. It is bounded by the optic tract posteriorly and the olfactory trigone anteriorly[FMA:61891, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_perforated_substance]. { source=FMA:61891 }
- - olfactory tubercle external definition a multi-sensory processing center in the olfactory cortex that plays a role in reward behaviors. The OT is a composite structure that receives direct input from the olfactory bulb and contains the morphological and histochemical characteristics of the ventral pallidum and the striatum of the forebrain (Heimer & Wilson 1975)[Wikipedia:Anterior_perforated_substance]. { source=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_perforated_substance }
- - olfactory tubercle external ontology notes NIF has separate classes for exact syns in FMA { external ontology=NIF }
- - olfactory tubercle has exact synonym anterior perforated area { database cross reference=FMA:61891 }
- - olfactory tubercle has exact synonym anterior perforated space { database cross reference=FMA:61891 }
- - olfactory tubercle has exact synonym anterior perforated substance { database cross reference=FMA:61891 }
- - olfactory tubercle has exact synonym olfactory area (Mai) { database cross reference=FMA:61891 }
- - olfactory tubercle has exact synonym tuberculum olfactorium { database cross reference=FMA:61891 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
- - olfactory tubercle has related synonym area olfactoria (Mai) { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 , has synonym type=latin term }
- - olfactory tubercle has related synonym eminentia parolfactoria { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 , has synonym type=latin term }
- - olfactory tubercle has related synonym olfactory area (Carpenter) { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 }
- - olfactory tubercle has related synonym olfactory tubercle (Ganser) { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 }
- - olfactory tubercle has related synonym rostral perforated substance { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 }
- - olfactory tubercle has related synonym substantia perforata anterior { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_perforated_substance , has synonym type=latin term }
- - olfactory tubercle has related synonym tuber olfactorium { database cross reference=NeuroNames:282 , has synonym type=latin term }
- Added
- + olfactory tubercle SubClassOf telencephalic nucleus
- + olfactory tubercle database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_tubercle
- + olfactory tubercle dubious for taxon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9443 { editor note=check EHDAA2 , source=MP }
- + olfactory tubercle external definition The olfactory tubercle is a structure involved in Olfaction. It is present in humans, but much smaller than it is in some other animals. It is a frequent subject of research. { source=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_tubercle }
- + olfactory tubercle has exact synonym tuberculum olfactorium { has synonym type=latin term }
- + olfactory tubercle taxon notes Absent in primates { source=MP }
Changes for: nucleus accumbens
- Deleted
- - nucleus accumbens comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + nucleus accumbens editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: island of Calleja
- Deleted
- - island of calleja SubClassOf part of some olfactory tubercle
- - island of calleja comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - island of calleja definition The islands of Calleja (IC, ISC, or IClj) are a group of neural granule cells located within the ventral striatum in the brains of most animals. This region of the brain is part of the limbic system, where it aids in the reinforcing effects of reward-like activities. Within most species, the islands are specifically located within the olfactory tubercle; however, in primates these islands are located within the nucleus accumbens, the reward center of the brain, since the olfactory tubercle has practically disappeared in the brains of primates. Both of these structures have been implicated in the processing of incentives as well as addictions to drugs. Projections to and from the islands supplement this knowledge with their involvement in the reward pathways for both cocaine and amphetamines. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islands_of_Calleja }
- - island of calleja has exact synonym calleja island
- - island of calleja has exact synonym islands of calleja
- - island of calleja label island of calleja
- Added
- + island of Calleja SubClassOf contributes to morphology of some nucleus accumbens
- + island of Calleja SubClassOf part of some cerebral hemisphere
- + island of Calleja definition One of the seven small groups of granule cells in the polymorph layer of the olfactory tubercle and one large group, the insula magna, which lies along the border between septum, nucleus accumbens and nucleus of the diagonal band. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/80412 , database cross reference=MP:0010010 }
- + island of Calleja has exact synonym Calleja island
- + island of Calleja has exact synonym islands of Calleja
- + island of Calleja label island of Calleja
- + island of Calleja taxon notes The islands of Calleja are located within the olfactory tubercle in most species; however, in primates these islands are located within the nucleus accumbens, since the olfactory tubercle is absent or extremely rudimentary in the brains of primates { source=MP:0010010 }
Changes for: levator claviculae muscle
- Deleted
- - levator claviculae muscle taxon notes The levator claviculae is an infrequently recognized anatomical variant in humans, distinguished from, for example, cervical adenopathy or a thrombosed vein, but a normal muscle in lower mammals and anthropoids. In humans, when present, it often appears unilaterally, most commonly on the left side, or bilaterally.[WP]
- Added
- + levator claviculae muscle taxon notes The levator claviculae is an infrequently recognized anatomical variant in humans, distinguished from, for example, cervical adenopathy or a thrombosed vein, but a normal muscle in lower mammals and anthropoids. In humans, when present, it often appears unilaterally, most commonly on the left side, or bilaterally. { source=WP }
Changes for: lateral olfactory tract
- Deleted
- - lateral olfactory tract editor note We follow neurolex and use ‘tract’ rather than ‘stria’ as the primary label. We make this a subtype of olfactory tract. Currently this groups teleost and mammalian structures by the same name, but this may be a false grouping. For example, in zebrafish, the difference between medial and lateral depends on the region of telencephalon (dorsal or ventral). Taxon notes: In mammals the fibers of the dorsal lateral olfactory tract either pass under the accessory olfactory formation, or they penetrate through it separating the internal granule cells from the output cells.[PMID:7437895]
- Added
- + lateral olfactory tract editor note We follow neurolex and use ‘tract’ rather than ‘stria’ as the primary label. We make this a subtype of olfactory tract. Currently this groups teleost and mammalian structures by the same name, but this may be a false grouping. For example, in zebrafish, the difference between medial and lateral depends on the region of telencephalon (dorsal or ventral).
- + lateral olfactory tract has related synonym lateral olfactory stria { database cross reference=NeuroNames:284 }
- + lateral olfactory tract has related synonym lateral olfactory tract { database cross reference=NeuroNames:284 }
- + lateral olfactory tract has related synonym olfactory tract { database cross reference=NeuroNames:284 }
- + lateral olfactory tract has related synonym stria olfactoria lateralis { database cross reference=NeuroNames:284 , has synonym type=latin term }
- + lateral olfactory tract has related synonym tractus olfactorius lateralis { database cross reference=NeuroNames:284 , has synonym type=latin term }
- + lateral olfactory tract taxon notes In mammals the fibers of the dorsal lateral olfactory tract either pass under the accessory olfactory formation, or they penetrate through it separating the internal granule cells from the output cells. { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7437895 }
Changes for: trunk of phrenic nerve
- Deleted
- - trunk of phrenic nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + trunk of phrenic nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: internal capsule
- Deleted
- - internal capsule comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + internal capsule editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: parietal lobe
- Deleted
- - parietal lobe comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + parietal lobe editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: putamen
- Deleted
- Added
- + putamen editor note check - rodents. The caudate nucleus and putamen are separated by a clear white matter bundle in most species but not in rodents (MM)
Changes for: septofimbrial nucleus
- Deleted
- - septofimbrial nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + septofimbrial nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: nucleus of diagonal band
- Deleted
- - nucleus of diagonal band comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + nucleus of diagonal band editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: scala vestibuli
- Deleted
- - scala vestibuli comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + scala vestibuli editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: mesethmoid bone
- Deleted
- - mesethmoid bone SubClassOf develops from some neurocranial trabecula
- - mesethmoid bone SubClassOf has part some part of some neurocranium
- - mesethmoid bone SubClassOf part of some chondrocranium
- - mesethmoid bone SubClassOf part of some ethmoid region
- - mesethmoid bone comment absent in primitive mammals, ungulates, amphibians, reptiles/birds[Kardong]
- - mesethmoid bone definition Endochondral bone that extends forward from the frontal bones and articulates posterolaterally with the lateral ethmoids and the vomer and parasphenoid ventrally. The mesethmoid is an unpaired median bone. { database cross reference=TAO:0000323 }
- Added
- + mesethmoid bone EquivalentTo mesethmoid element and composed primarily of some bone tissue
- + mesethmoid bone SubClassOf composed primarily of some bone tissue
- + mesethmoid bone SubClassOf has developmental contribution from some ethmoid cartilage
- + mesethmoid bone SubClassOf has developmental contribution from some neurocranial trabecula
- + mesethmoid bone definition An ossified mesethmoid element { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + mesethmoid bone external definition Endochondral bone that extends forward from the frontal bones and articulates posterolaterally with the lateral ethmoids and the vomer and parasphenoid ventrally. The mesethmoid is an unpaired bone[TAO:0000323]. { source=TAO:0000323 }
Changes for: cartilage of external ear
- Deleted
- - cartilage of external ear EquivalentTo cartilage tissue and part of some external ear
- - cartilage of external ear SubClassOf elastic cartilage tissue
- - cartilage of external ear SubClassOf head connective tissue
- - cartilage of external ear comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cartilage of external ear EquivalentTo cartilage element and part of some external ear
- + cartilage of external ear SubClassOf cartilage element
- + cartilage of external ear SubClassOf composed primarily of some elastic cartilage tissue
- + cartilage of external ear editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: scala tympani
- Deleted
- - scala tympani comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + scala tympani editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cartilaginous external acoustic tube
- Deleted
- - cartilaginous external acoustic tube comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cartilaginous external acoustic tube editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of chest
- Deleted
- - skin of chest comment check FMA:61415
- Added
- + skin of chest editor note check FMA:61415
Changes for: posterior semicircular duct
- Deleted
- - posterior semicircular duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - posterior semicircular duct definition The semicircular canals are three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear. The three canals are the horizontal semicircular canal (also known as the lateral semicircular canal), superior semicircular canal (also known as the anterior semicircular canal), and the posterior semicircular canal. The canals are aligned approximately orthogonally to one another. The horizontal canal is aligned roughly horizontally in the head. The superior and anterior canals are aligned roughly at a 45 degree angle to a vertical plane drawn from the nose to the back of the skull. Thus, the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette), while the superior and posterior canals detect vertical head movements. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain. The semicircular canals are a component of the Labyrinth. Among species of mammals, the size of the semicircular canals is correlated with their type of locomotion. Specifically, species that are agile and have fast, jerky locomotion have larger canals relative to their body size than those that move more cautiously. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicircular_canal }
- Added
- + posterior semicircular duct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- + posterior semicircular duct function notes detect vertical head movements { source=WP }
Changes for: anterior semicircular duct
- Deleted
- - anterior semicircular duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + anterior semicircular duct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lateral semicircular duct
- Deleted
- - lateral semicircular duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - lateral semicircular duct definition The lateral or horizontal canal (external semicircular canal) is the shortest of the three canals. Movement of fluid within this canal corresponds to rotation of the head around a vertical axis (i.e. the neck). [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_semicircular_duct }
- Added
- + lateral semicircular duct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- + lateral semicircular duct has related synonym external semicircular duct
Changes for: semicircular duct
- Deleted
- - semicircular duct definition any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium { database cross reference=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/semicircular+duct }
- Added
- + semicircular duct definition Any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium { database cross reference=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/semicircular+duct }
Changes for: semicircular canal
- Added
- + semicircular canal function notes detects angular acceleration
Changes for: anterior semicircular canal
- Deleted
- - anterior semicircular canal comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - anterior semicircular canal definition One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_semicircular_canal , database cross reference=ZFIN:curator }
- Added
- + anterior semicircular canal editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- + anterior semicircular canal function notes detects angular acceleration
Changes for: membranous labyrinth
- Deleted
- - membranous labyrinth comment inner ear has parts membranous and osseuous/bony labyrinth. it’s not clear where the EMAPA term ‘labyrinth’ belong, we place them here for now
- Added
- + membranous labyrinth external ontology notes inner ear has parts membranous and osseuous/bony labyrinth. it’s not clear where the EMAPA term ‘labyrinth’ belong, we place them here for now { external ontology=EMAPA }
Changes for: auricular cartilage
- Deleted
- - auricular cartilage SubClassOf cartilage element
- Added
- + auricular cartilage SubClassOf cartilage of external ear
Changes for: lobule of pinna
- Deleted
- - lobule of pinna comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lobule of pinna editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: internal ear
- Deleted
- - internal ear comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + internal ear editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cochlea
- Deleted
- - cochlea definition The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. The name is from the Latin for snail, which is from the Greek kokhlias ‘snail, screw,’ from kokhlos ‘spiral shell,’ in reference to its coiled shape; the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlea }
- Added
- + cochlea definition The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. [WP,modified]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlea }
- + cochlea taxon notes the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions.
Changes for: lateral semicircular canal
- Deleted
- - lateral semicircular canal comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - lateral semicircular canal definition One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_semicircular_canal , database cross reference=ZFIN:curator }
- Added
- + lateral semicircular canal editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- + lateral semicircular canal function notes detects angular acceleration
Changes for: posterior semicircular canal
- Deleted
- - posterior semicircular canal definition One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_semicircular_canal , database cross reference=ZFIN:curator }
- Added
- + posterior semicircular canal function notes detects angular acceleration
Changes for: saliva
- Deleted
- - saliva comment Taxon notes: We classify a wide variety of not necessarily homologous fluids here. In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin[GO]
- Added
- + saliva taxon notes We classify a wide variety of not necessarily homologous fluids here. In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin { source=GO }
Changes for: sublingual duct
- Deleted
- - sublingual duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + sublingual duct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: carpometacarpal joint of digit 1
- Deleted
- - carpometacarpal joint of digit 1 taxon notes In humans it connects the trapezium to the first metacarpal bone, plays an irreplaceable role in the normal functioning of the thumb. The most important joint connecting the wrist to the metacarpus, osteoarthritis of the TMC is a severely disabling condition; up to twenty times more common among old women than in average[WP]
- Added
- + carpometacarpal joint of digit 1 taxon notes In humans it connects the trapezium to the first metacarpal bone, plays an irreplaceable role in the normal functioning of the thumb. The most important joint connecting the wrist to the metacarpus, osteoarthritis of the TMC is a severely disabling condition; up to twenty times more common among old women than in average { source=WP }
Changes for: femoral pore
- Deleted
- - femoral pore taxon notes Femoral pores are present in all genera in the families Cordylidae, Crotaphytidae, Hoplocercidae, Iguanidae, Phrynosomatidae, and Xantusiidae. They are absent in all genera in the Anguidae, Chamaeleonidae, Dibamidae, Helodermatidae, Scincidae, Xenosauridae, and Varanidae families.[1] They are present in other lizards and amphisbaenians quite variably, some geckoes, Phelsuma, for example have these pores, others in the same family do not[WP]
- Added
- + femoral pore taxon notes Femoral pores are present in all genera in the families Cordylidae, Crotaphytidae, Hoplocercidae, Iguanidae, Phrynosomatidae, and Xantusiidae. They are absent in all genera in the Anguidae, Chamaeleonidae, Dibamidae, Helodermatidae, Scincidae, Xenosauridae, and Varanidae families.[1] They are present in other lizards and amphisbaenians quite variably, some geckoes, Phelsuma, for example have these pores, others in the same family do not { source=WP }
Changes for: nasal cartilage
- Deleted
- - nasal cartilage EquivalentTo cartilage tissue and part of some olfactory apparatus
- - nasal cartilage comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + nasal cartilage EquivalentTo cartilage element and part of some olfactory apparatus
- + nasal cartilage SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- + nasal cartilage editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: orbital septum
- Deleted
- - orbital septum comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + orbital septum editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: caudal-sacral region of vertebral column
- Deleted
- - caudal-sacral region of vertebral column comment Definition to be reviewed for generality across tetrapods
- Added
- + caudal-sacral region of vertebral column editor note Definition to be reviewed for generality across tetrapods. Typically we regard the caudal region as immediately following the sacral region, with the caudal (tail) region defined as post-anal.
- + caudal-sacral region of vertebral column has related synonym cloacal vertebrae series { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
Changes for: mucosa of larynx
- Deleted
- - mucosa of larynx comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + mucosa of larynx editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: major salivary gland
- Deleted
- - major salivary gland comment Taxon notes: There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands in human and mouse[ISBN10:0123813611]
- Added
- + major salivary gland taxon notes There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands in human and mouse { source=ISBN10:0123813611 }
Changes for: photoreceptor layer of retina
- Deleted
- - photoreceptor layer of retina comment we follow MA and ZFA in subdividing this into inner and outer segments
- Added
- + photoreceptor layer of retina external ontology notes we follow MA and ZFA in subdividing this into inner and outer segments { external ontology=MA }
Changes for: outer nuclear layer of retina
- Deleted
- - outer nuclear layer of retina comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + outer nuclear layer of retina database cross reference BTO:0005600
- + outer nuclear layer of retina editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: fovea centralis
- Deleted
- - fovea centralis comment As an anatomical term, there are several foveae around the body, including in the head of the femur.(WP)
- - fovea centralis definition a part of the eye, located in the center of the macula region of the retina. [1] [2] The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision). The fovea is surrounded by the parafovea belt, and the perifovea outer region:[2] the parafovea is the intermediate belt where the ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five rows of cells; as well as the highest density of cones; the perifovea is the outermost region where the ganglion cell layer contains two to four rows of cells, and is where visual acuity is below the optimum. The perifovea contains an even more diminished density of cones, having 12 per 100 micrometres versus 50 per 100 micrometres in the most central fovea. This, in turn, is surrounded by a larger peripheral area that delivers highly compressed information of low resolution. Approximately 50% of the nerve fibers in the optic nerve carry information from the fovea, while the other 50% carry information from the rest of the retina. The parafovea extends to a distance of 1¼ mm from the central fovea, and the perifovea is found 2¾ mm away from the fovea centralis[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea_centralis_in_macula }
- - fovea centralis has exact synonym fovea
- Added
- + fovea centralis definition A depression in the inner retinal surface within the macula lutea, the photoreceptor layer of which is entirely cones and which is specialized for maximum visual acuity { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + fovea centralis function notes high acuity vision
- + fovea centralis has broad synonym fovea
- + fovea centralis taxon notes The fovea is also a pit in the surface of the retinas of many types of fish, reptiles, and birds. Among mammals, it is found only in simian primates. The retinal fovea takes slightly different forms in different types of animals. For example, in primates, cone photoreceptors line the base of the foveal pit, the cells that elsewhere in the retina form more superficial layers having been displaced away from the foveal region during late fetal and early postnatal life. Other foveae may show only a reduced thickness in the inner cell layers, rather than an almost complete absence
Changes for: spinal nerve
- Deleted
- - spinal nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + spinal nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vitreous chamber of eyeball
- Deleted
- - vitreous chamber of eyeball comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vitreous chamber of eyeball editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ganglionic layer of retina
- Deleted
- - ganglionic layer of retina comment Check exact synonyms in ZFA / XAO
- Added
- + ganglionic layer of retina editor note check exact synonyms in ZFA / XAO
Changes for: nerve fiber layer of retina
- Deleted
- - nerve fiber layer of retina comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + nerve fiber layer of retina editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: outer plexiform layer of retina
- Deleted
- - outer plexiform layer of retina comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + outer plexiform layer of retina editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inner nuclear layer of retina
- Deleted
- - inner nuclear layer of retina comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inner nuclear layer of retina editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: urodeum
- Deleted
- - urodeum taxon notes This is where the urates collect. In the hen the oviduct opens into this compartment.[http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
- Added
- + urodeum taxon notes This is where the urates collect. In the hen the oviduct opens into this compartment. { source=http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm }
Changes for: oral cirrus
- Deleted
- - oral cirrus comment This class groups a chordate and lophotrochozoan structure; these should probably be split
- Added
- + oral cirrus curator notes this class groups a chordate and lophotrochozoan structure; these should probably be split
Changes for: hepatic cecum
- Deleted
- - hepatic cecum comment Homology notes: may be analagous to liver, Romer says not homologous
- Added
- + hepatic cecum taxon notes may be analagous to liver, Romer says not homologous
Changes for: muscularis mucosae of rectum
- Deleted
- - muscularis mucosae of rectum SubClassOf anal region smooth muscle
- Added
- + muscularis mucosae of rectum SubClassOf rectum smooth muscle tissue
Changes for: mechanoreceptor
- Deleted
- - mechanoreceptor definition a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. Normally there are four main types in glabrous skin: Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner’s corpuscles, Merkel’s discs, and Ruffini endings. There are also mechanoreceptors in hairy skin, and the hair cells in the cochlea are the most sensitive mechanoreceptors, transducing air pressure waves into nerve signals sent to the brain. In the periodontal ligament, there are some mechanoreceptors, which allow the jaw to relax when biting down on hard objects; the mesencephalic nucleus is responsible for this reflex. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor }
- Added
- + mechanoreceptor comment Normally there are four main types in glabrous skin: Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner’s corpuscles, Merkel’s discs, and Ruffini endings. There are also mechanoreceptors in hairy skin, and the hair cells in the cochlea are the most sensitive mechanoreceptors, transducing air pressure waves into nerve signals sent to the brain. In the periodontal ligament, there are some mechanoreceptors, which allow the jaw to relax when biting down on hard objects; the mesencephalic nucleus is responsible for this reflex
- + mechanoreceptor definition a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor }
Changes for: nerve ending
- Deleted
- - nerve ending comment This class and subclasses may be ceded to GO
- Added
- + nerve ending curator notes this class and subclasses may be ceded to GO
Changes for: proctodeum portion of cloaca
- Deleted
- - proctodeum portion of cloaca taxon notes For most birds this is where the phallus is located, but male parrots do not have a phallus. The Bursa of Fabricius is located here.[http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
- Added
- + proctodeum portion of cloaca taxon notes For most birds this is where the phallus is located, but male parrots do not have a phallus. The Bursa of Fabricius is located here. { source=http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm }
Changes for: lumen of terminal part of digestive tract
- Deleted
- - lumen of terminal part of digestive tract comment includes the cloacal lumen, in species where this is present
- Added
- + lumen of terminal part of digestive tract taxon notes includes the cloacal lumen, in species where this is present
Changes for: epiglottic cartilage
- Deleted
- - epiglottic cartilage SubClassOf elastic cartilage tissue
- - epiglottic cartilage SubClassOf larynx connective tissue
- Added
- + epiglottic cartilage EquivalentTo laryngeal cartilage and part of some epiglottis
- + epiglottic cartilage SubClassOf composed primarily of some elastic cartilage tissue
Changes for: fibrous capsule of thyroid gland
- Deleted
- - fibrous capsule of thyroid gland comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + fibrous capsule of thyroid gland editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lymphoid tissue
- Deleted
- - lymphoid tissue comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - lymphoid tissue dubious for taxon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7776 { notes=lampreys lack organized lymphoid tissue , source=NBK27108 }
- Added
- + lymphoid tissue dubious for taxon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7776 { notes=lampreys lack organized lymphoid tissue , source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27108 }
- + lymphoid tissue editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: parenchyma of parathyroid gland
- Deleted
- - parenchyma of parathyroid gland comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + parenchyma of parathyroid gland editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: parenchyma of thyroid gland
- Deleted
- - parenchyma of thyroid gland comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + parenchyma of thyroid gland editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: capsule of parathyroid gland
- Deleted
- - capsule of parathyroid gland comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + capsule of parathyroid gland editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: sclera
- Deleted
- - sclera comment Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003709 and identify this as connective tissue. Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. Structure notes: continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. Taxon notes: in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal
- - sclera development notes Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson]. Taxon notes: Multi-tissue structure that composes the opaque fibrous outer layer of the eye[ZFA]
- Added
- + sclera comment Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis.
- + sclera development notes Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson].
- + sclera development notes Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential and identify this as connective tissue[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709].
- + sclera structure notes continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe.
- + sclera taxon notes in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal
Changes for: pupil
- Deleted
- Added
- + pupil editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: optic choroid
- Deleted
- - optic choroid comment check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA
- Added
- + optic choroid editor note check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA
Changes for: substantia propria of cornea
- Deleted
- - substantia propria of cornea SubClassOf head connective tissue
- - substantia propria of cornea comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + substantia propria of cornea editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: iris stroma
- Deleted
- - iris stroma SubClassOf head connective tissue
- - iris stroma comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + iris stroma editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: maxillary sinus
- Deleted
- - maxillary sinus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + maxillary sinus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: future foramen cecum
- Deleted
- - future foramen cecum definition A thickened and indented region in the midline in the floor of the rostral part of the pharyngeal region of the foregut, located between the second and third branchial arches that is the first indication of the thyroid primordium. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.132] { database cross reference=VHOG:0000826 }
- Added
- + future foramen cecum definition A thickened and indented region in the midline in the floor of the rostral part of the pharyngeal region of the foregut, located between the second and third branchial arches that is the first indication of the thyroid primordium. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.132] { database cross reference=ISBN10:0124020607 , database cross reference=VHOG:0000826 }
Changes for: frontal sinus
- Deleted
- - frontal sinus taxon notes A unique feature in the horse is that the frontal sinus communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus via the frontomaxillary opening[MURDOCh]
- Added
- + frontal sinus taxon notes A unique feature in the horse is that the frontal sinus communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus via the frontomaxillary opening { source=MURDOCh }
Changes for: nucleus ambiguus
- Deleted
- - nucleus ambiguus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + nucleus ambiguus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
- Deleted
- - mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve development notes develops from NC in some species[UBERONREF:0000002] Not of NC origin[doi:10.1002/dvdy.1197]. AO notes: part of midbrain tegmentum in NIF and MA. the neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus are the only centrally located primary sensory neurons in amniotes; all others are extramedullary[PMID:11747082]
- Added
- + mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve development notes develops from NC in some species[UBERONREF:0000002] Not of NC origin[doi:10.1002/dvdy.1197]. { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11747082 }
- + mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve external ontology notes part of midbrain tegmentum in NIF and MA. the neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus are the only centrally located primary sensory neurons in amniotes; all others are extramedullary { external ontology=NIF }
Changes for: facial modiolus
- Deleted
- - facial modiolus definition In facial anatomy, the modiolus is a chiasma of facial muscles held together by fibrous tissue, located lateral and slightly superior to each angle of the mouth. It is important in moving the mouth, facial expression and in dentistry. It derives its motor nerve supply from the facial nerve, and its blood supply from labial branches of the facial artery. It is contributed to by the following muscles: orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, risorius quadratus labii superioris, quadratus labii inferioris. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modiolus_%28face%29 }
- Added
- + facial modiolus database cross reference MFMO:0000057
- + facial modiolus definition A chiasma of facial muscles held together by fibrous tissue, located lateral and slightly superior to each angle of the mouth. It is important in moving the mouth, facial expression and in dentistry. It derives its motor nerve supply from the facial nerve, and its blood supply from labial branches of the facial artery. It is contributed to by the following muscles: orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, risorius quadratus labii superioris, quadratus labii inferioris. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modiolus_%28face%29 }
- + facial modiolus has broad synonym modiolus { database cross reference=MFMO:0000057 }
Changes for: eyelid
- Deleted
- - eyelid comment Each eyelid consists of the following layers, starting anteriorly: (1) skin, (2) a layer of subcutaneous connective tissue, (3) a layer of striated muscle fibres of the orbicularis muscle, (4) a layer of submuscular connective tissue, (5) a fibrous layer, including the tarsal plates, (6) a layer of smooth muscle, (7) the palpebral conjunctiva. AO notes: FMA divides this into skin, fascia, conjunctiva. Consider adding ‘eye surface’, like MA
- - eyelid definition An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eyeball. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to ‘open’ the eye. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily. The human eyelid features a row of eyelashes which serve to heighten the protection of the eye from dust and foreign debris, as well as from perspiration. ‘Palpebral’ (and ‘blepharo’) means relating to the eyelids. Its key function is to regularly spread the tears and other secretion on the eye surface to keep it moist, since the cornea must be continuously moist. They keep the eyes from drying out when asleep. Moreover, the blink reflex protects the eye from foreign bodies. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyelid }
- Added
- + eyelid definition A fold of skin that covers and protects part of the eyeball. Examples: upper eyelid, lower eyelid, nictitating membrane { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + eyelid external ontology notes Consider adding ‘eye surface’, like MA { external ontology=MA }
- + eyelid external ontology notes FMA divides this into skin, fascia, conjunctiva { external ontology=FMA }
- + eyelid taxon notes In humans the upper and lower eyelid consists of the following layers, starting anteriorly: (1) skin, (2) a layer of subcutaneous connective tissue, (3) a layer of striated muscle fibres of the orbicularis muscle, (4) a layer of submuscular connective tissue, (5) a fibrous layer, including the tarsal plates, (6) a layer of smooth muscle, (7) the palpebral conjunctiva.
Changes for: oculomotor nuclear complex
- Deleted
- - oculomotor nuclear complex comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + oculomotor nuclear complex editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: jaw skeleton
- Deleted
- - jaw skeleton editor note TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). Editor notes: in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates
- Added
- + jaw skeleton editor note TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton).
- + jaw skeleton external ontology notes in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: nasal cavity
- Deleted
- - nasal cavity comment the cavity includes and starts at the nares and reaches all the way through to the and includes the choanae, the posterior nasal apertures[HP]. Editor note: defne the boundaries of this cavity for a variety of species and check that parthood relations are not too strong.
- Added
- + nasal cavity editor note defne the boundaries of this cavity for a variety of species and check that parthood relations are not too strong.
- + nasal cavity taxon notes in humans, the cavity includes and starts at the nares and reaches all the way through to the and includes the choanae, the posterior nasal apertures { source=HP }
Changes for: nasal septum
- Deleted
- - nasal septum comment We follow AAO in making this part of the nasal skeleton
- Added
- + nasal septum editor note We follow AAO in making this part of the nasal skeleton
Changes for: obsolete viscerocranium
- Deleted
- - obsolete viscerocranium comment This class was made obsolete as it conflated the facial skeleton with the splanchnocranium. The facial skeleton includes: * Inferior nasal concha * Lacrimal bone * Mandible * Maxilla * Nasal bone * Palatine bone * Vomer * Zygomatic bone. The hyoid is sometimes included, and sometimes excluded (FMA includes it) (See also notes for ethmoid bone). The splanchoncranium is the endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches.
- Added
- + obsolete viscerocranium curator notes this class was made obsolete as it conflated the facial skeleton with the splanchnocranium. The facial skeleton includes: * Inferior nasal concha * Lacrimal bone * Mandible * Maxilla * Nasal bone * Palatine bone * Vomer * Zygomatic bone. The hyoid is sometimes included, and sometimes excluded (FMA includes it) (See also notes for ethmoid bone). The splanchoncranium is the endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches.
Changes for: neurocranium
- Deleted
- - neurocranium development notes The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. Composition notes: It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton[WP]
- Added
- + neurocranium development notes The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. { source=WP }
- + neurocranium structure notes It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton
Changes for: larynx
- Deleted
- Added
- + larynx editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: soft palate
- Deleted
- - soft palate comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: pharyngeal tonsil
- Deleted
- - pharyngeal tonsil comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pharyngeal tonsil editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cochlear nucleus
- Deleted
- - cochlear nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cochlear nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: sphenoidal sinus
- Deleted
- - sphenoidal sinus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + sphenoidal sinus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: tongue
- Deleted
- - tongue editor note in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence. Taxon notes: Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods
- Added
- + tongue editor note in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence.
- + tongue taxon notes Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods
Changes for: tibialis posterior
- Deleted
- - tibialis posterior comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + tibialis posterior editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: flexor digitorum longus
- Deleted
- - flexor digitorum longus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + flexor digitorum longus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: superior cerebellar vein
- Deleted
- - superior cerebellar vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superior cerebellar vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cerebellar vein
- Deleted
- - cerebellar vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cerebellar vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: anterior auricular vein
- Deleted
- - anterior auricular vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + anterior auricular vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cerebral vein
- Deleted
- - cerebral vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cerebral vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: triceps surae
- Deleted
- - triceps surae comment A set of muscles in FMA, a single organ in MA
- Added
- + triceps surae external ontology notes A set of muscles in FMA, a single organ in MA { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: temporal bone
- Deleted
- - temporal bone comment The temporal bone consists of four parts: * Squama temporalis * Mastoid portion * Petrous portion (Petrosal ridge) * Tympanic part[WP]. AO notes: Note the Temporal bone is not explicitly categorized to a part of the cranium in FMA. Taxon notes: fusion of squamosal + angular (tympanic annulus) [derm.] + petrosal (prootic + opisthotic)[chond.] + styloid process[splanc.] // In many mammals, as in humans, the petrosal, ectotympanic and squamosal bones synostose to form the temporal bone
- Added
- + temporal bone external ontology notes Note the Temporal bone is not explicitly categorized to a part of the cranium in FMA { external ontology=FMA }
- + temporal bone structure notes The temporal bone consists of four parts: * Squama temporalis * Mastoid portion * Petrous portion (Petrosal ridge) * Tympanic part[WP]. { source=[WP] }
- + temporal bone taxon notes In many mammals, as in humans, the petrosal, ectotympanic and squamosal bones synostose to form the temporal bone + styloid process
- + temporal bone taxon notes fusion of squamosal + angular (tympanic annulus) [derm.] + petrosal (prootic + opisthotic) { source=chond. }
Changes for: occipital bone
- Deleted
- - occipital bone taxon notes fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular)[Kardong]. Development notes: formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites[PMID:11523816]. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the an- nexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII[PMID:11523816]
- Added
- + occipital bone taxon notes formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the an- nexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11523816 }
- + occipital bone taxon notes fusion of basi-, exo- and supra-occipitals (and maybe tabular) { source=Kardong }
Changes for: temporal vein
- Deleted
- - temporal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + temporal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: anterior cerebral vein
- Deleted
- - anterior cerebral vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + anterior cerebral vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior cerebellar vein
- Deleted
- - inferior cerebellar vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior cerebellar vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: palatine bone
- Deleted
- - palatine bone comment Fusion of dermopalatine+autopalatine.
- Added
- + palatine bone taxon notes Fusion of dermopalatine+autopalatine.
Changes for: mandible
- Deleted
- - mandible editor note consider merging with dentary - for now we make it a mammal-specific subclass. Terminology notes: ‘mandible’ also refers to either the upper OR lower part of the beak in birds
- Added
- + mandible editor note consider merging with dentary - for now we make it a mammal-specific subclass.
- + mandible terminology notes ‘mandible’ also refers to either the upper OR lower part of the beak in birds
Changes for: hyoid bone
- Deleted
- - hyoid bone taxon notes The hyoid bone is derived from the lower half of the second gill arch in fish, which separates the first gill slit from the spiracle. In many animals, it also incorporates elements of other gill arches, and has a correspondingly greater number of cornua. Amphibians and reptiles may have many cornua, while mammals (including humans) have two pairs, and birds only one. In birds, and some reptiles, the body of the hyoid is greatly extended forward, creating a solid bony support for the tongue. The howler monkey Alouatta has a pneumatized hyoid bone, one of the few cases of postcranial pneumatization of bones outside Saurischia.[WP]
- Added
- + hyoid bone taxon notes The hyoid bone is derived from the lower half of the second gill arch in fish, which separates the first gill slit from the spiracle. In many animals, it also incorporates elements of other gill arches, and has a correspondingly greater number of cornua. Amphibians and reptiles may have many cornua, while mammals (including humans) have two pairs, and birds only one. In birds, and some reptiles, the body of the hyoid is greatly extended forward, creating a solid bony support for the tongue. The howler monkey Alouatta has a pneumatized hyoid bone, one of the few cases of postcranial pneumatization of bones outside Saurischia. { source=WP }
Changes for: auditory ossicle
- Deleted
- - auditory ossicle comment Taxon and editor notes: This should probably be restricted to mammals - the AAO/XAO structures may group non-homologous structures [Wikipedia:Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles] see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5. Development notes: Studies have shown that ear bones in mammal embryos are attached to the dentary, which is part of the jaw. These are ossified portions of cartilage – called Meckel’s cartilage – that are attached to the jaw. As the embryo develops, the cartilage hardens to form bone. Later in development, the bone structure breaks loose from the jaw and migrates to the inner ear area. The structure is known as the middle ear, and is made up of the incus, stapes, malleus, and tympanic membrane. These correspond to the quadrate, prearticular, articular, and angular structures in the reptile jaw. For this reason, researchers believe the similarity of the results shows that mammals and reptiles have a common ancestry.[WP]
- Added
- + auditory ossicle development notes Studies have shown that ear bones in mammal embryos are attached to the dentary, which is part of the jaw. These are ossified portions of cartilage – called Meckel’s cartilage – that are attached to the jaw. As the embryo develops, the cartilage hardens to form bone. Later in development, the bone structure breaks loose from the jaw and migrates to the inner ear area. The structure is known as the middle ear, and is made up of the incus, stapes, malleus, and tympanic membrane. These correspond to the quadrate, prearticular, articular, and angular structures in the reptile jaw. For this reason, researchers believe the similarity of the results shows that mammals and reptiles have a common ancestry. { source=WP }
- + auditory ossicle editor note This should probably be restricted to mammals - the AAO/XAO structures may group non-homologous structures [Wikipedia:Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles] see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5.
Changes for: stapes bone
- Deleted
- - stapes bone comment Taxon notes (via VHOG): “This structure [the hyomandibular], on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.” Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357? Development notes: As the stapes first develops embryologically from the 6th to 8th week of life, it surrounds the stapedial artery, which supplies the majority of the vasculature of the embryonic head. After that period, the external carotid artery is generated and takes over for the stapedial artery, which subsequently involutes, leaving the stapes with a windowframe-like structure[WP] The stapes develops at the cranial end of the second branchial arch through an independent anlage of the cartilage of this arch. Between the stapedial anlage and the cranial end of the Reichert’s cartilage there is a formation called the interhyale, the internal segment of which gives rise to the tendon of the stapedial muscle. The stapedial anlage is a unique formation with two distinct parts: the superior part that will comprise the base and the inferior part that will be crossed by the stapedial artery during embryonic development and will constitute the limbs and the head of the stapes. According to the results, the otic capsule is not involved in formation of the base of the stapes.[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x]
- Added
- + stapes bone development notes As the stapes first develops embryologically from the 6th to 8th week of life, it surrounds the stapedial artery, which supplies the majority of the vasculature of the embryonic head. After that period, the external carotid artery is generated and takes over for the stapedial artery, which subsequently involutes, leaving the stapes with a windowframe-like structure[WP] The stapes develops at the cranial end of the second branchial arch through an independent anlage of the cartilage of this arch. Between the stapedial anlage and the cranial end of the Reichert’s cartilage there is a formation called the interhyale, the internal segment of which gives rise to the tendon of the stapedial muscle. The stapedial anlage is a unique formation with two distinct parts: the superior part that will comprise the base and the inferior part that will be crossed by the stapedial artery during embryonic development and will constitute the limbs and the head of the stapes. According to the results, the otic capsule is not involved in formation of the base of the stapes. { source=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x }
- + stapes bone taxon notes ‘This structure [the hyomandibular], on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes.’ Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357?[VHOG].
Changes for: sensory root of facial nerve
- Deleted
- - sensory root of facial nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + sensory root of facial nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: petrous part of temporal bone
- Deleted
- - petrous part of temporal bone comment derivative of prootic and opisthotic
- Added
- + petrous part of temporal bone taxon notes derivative of prootic and opisthotic
Changes for: external ear
- Deleted
- - external ear comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + external ear editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ear
- Deleted
- Added
- + ear editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: urogenital sinus epithelium
- Deleted
- - urogenital sinus epithelium comment we follow EHDAA2 in dividing the UGS into epithelium and lumen
- Added
- + urogenital sinus epithelium external ontology notes we follow EHDAA2 in dividing the UGS into epithelium and lumen { external ontology=EHDAA2 }
Changes for: postnatal subventricular zone
- Deleted
- - postnatal subventricular zone comment Structure notes: WP divides this into 4 layers.
- Added
- + postnatal subventricular zone structure notes WP divides this into 4 layers.
Changes for: medial tarsal artery
- Deleted
- - medial tarsal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medial tarsal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: kidney arcuate artery
- Deleted
- - kidney arcuate artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + kidney arcuate artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: digestive tract
- Added
- + digestive tract SubClassOf connects some mouth
Changes for: vein of hindlimb zeugopod
- Deleted
- - vein of hindlimb zeugopod terminology notes The term ‘sural veins’ is not sufficient to appropriately designate the complex venous system of the calf. This should be designated as soleal veins (venae solealis), the veins of the soleus muscle and gastrocnemius veins (venae gastrocnemii)[http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php]
- Added
- + vein of hindlimb zeugopod terminology notes The term ‘sural veins’ is not sufficient to appropriately designate the complex venous system of the calf. This should be designated as soleal veins (venae solealis), the veins of the soleus muscle and gastrocnemius veins (venae gastrocnemii) { source=http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php }
Changes for: medial marginal vein
- Deleted
- - medial marginal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medial marginal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: oblique cartilage
- Deleted
- - oblique cartilage SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- Added
- + oblique cartilage SubClassOf nasal cartilage
Changes for: popliteal vein
- Deleted
- - popliteal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + popliteal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inguinal lymph node
- Added
- + inguinal lymph node SubClassOf abdominal segment element
Changes for: medial plantar artery
- Deleted
- - medial plantar artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medial plantar artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: peroneal artery
- Deleted
- - peroneal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + peroneal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: dorsal metatarsal vein
- Deleted
- - dorsal metatarsal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + dorsal metatarsal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: small saphenous vein
- Deleted
- - small saphenous vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + small saphenous vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lateral marginal vein
- Deleted
- - lateral marginal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral marginal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: anterior tibial vein
- Deleted
- - anterior tibial vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + anterior tibial vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: posterior tibial vein
- Deleted
- - posterior tibial vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + posterior tibial vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: genioglossus muscle
- Deleted
- - genioglossus muscle taxon notes Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians. [AAO:0010660]
- Added
- + genioglossus muscle taxon notes Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians. { source=AAO:0010660 }
Changes for: septal organ of Masera
- Deleted
- - septal organ of Masera definition a small island of olfactory neuroepithelium lying bilaterally at the ventral base of the nasal septum near the entrance of the nasopharynx. { database cross reference=NCBI:NBK55971 }
- - septal organ of Masera has related synonym SO of Masera { database cross reference=NCBI:NBK55971 }
- - septal organ of Masera taxon notes This olfactory apparatus has been observed in many mammals, including rat, mouse, hamster, deer mouse, rabbit, opossum, guinea pig, bandicoot, and koala (Rodolfo-Masera 1943; Adams and McFarland 1971; Bojsen-Moller 1975; Katz and Merzel 1977; Breipohl et al. 1983, 1989; Kratzing 1984a, 1984b; Taniguchi et al. 1993), but not in cat (Breipohl et al. 1983) or ferret (Weiler and Farbman 2003) { source=NCBI:NBK55971 }
- Added
- + septal organ of Masera definition a small island of olfactory neuroepithelium lying bilaterally at the ventral base of the nasal septum near the entrance of the nasopharynx. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55971 }
- + septal organ of Masera has related synonym SO of Masera { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55971 }
- + septal organ of Masera taxon notes This olfactory apparatus has been observed in many mammals, including rat, mouse, hamster, deer mouse, rabbit, opossum, guinea pig, bandicoot, and koala (Rodolfo-Masera 1943; Adams and McFarland 1971; Bojsen-Moller 1975; Katz and Merzel 1977; Breipohl et al. 1983, 1989; Kratzing 1984a, 1984b; Taniguchi et al. 1993), but not in cat (Breipohl et al. 1983) or ferret (Weiler and Farbman 2003) { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55971 }
Changes for: extrinsic muscle of tongue
- Deleted
- - extrinsic muscle of tongue comment The extrinsic muscles originate from bone and extend to the tongue. Their main functions are altering the tongue’s position allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement[WP] Innervation: All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except for one of the extrinsic muscles, palatoglossus, which is innervated by the Vagus nerve CN X of the pharyngeal plexus.[WP]
- Added
- + extrinsic muscle of tongue function notes main functions are altering the tongue’s position allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement[WP]
- + extrinsic muscle of tongue structure notes All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except for one of the extrinsic muscles, palatoglossus, which is innervated by the Vagus nerve CN X of the pharyngeal plexus. { source=WP }
Changes for: facial muscle
- Added
- + facial muscle database cross reference MFMO:0000005
Changes for: intrinsic muscle of tongue
- Deleted
- - intrinsic muscle of tongue comment The main function of the intrinsic muscles is to provide shape. They are not involved with changing the position of the tongue and are not attached to bone[WP]
- Added
- + intrinsic muscle of tongue function notes The main function of the intrinsic muscles is to provide shape. They are not involved with changing the position of the tongue and are not attached to bone { source=WP }
Changes for: digastric muscle group
- Deleted
- - digastric muscle definition The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group. A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digastric_muscle }
- - digastric muscle label digastric muscle
- Added
- + digastric muscle group curator notes this class refers to the mereological sum of digastric muscles in an organism (typically two).
- + digastric muscle group definition A group of muscles (or in some classifications, muscle bellies) that are located under the jaw and attach to the base of the cranium and typically attaches to the hyoid apparatus via a common tendon.
- + digastric muscle group external definition The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group. A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digastric_muscle]. { source=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digastric_muscle }
- + digastric muscle group has related synonym digastric { database cross reference=FMA:46291 }
- + digastric muscle group label digastric muscle group
- + digastric muscle group taxon notes In most mammals there is a common tendon between the ant. and post. muscles, which also makes a connection to the hyoid apparatus, and then the other attachment is to the base of the cranium { source=FEED:rd }
Changes for: subcostal artery
- Deleted
- - subcostal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + subcostal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cricothyroid muscle
- Deleted
- - cricothyroid muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cricothyroid muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: geniohyoid muscle
- Deleted
- - geniohyoid muscle comment Action: draws hyoid cranially
- Added
- + geniohyoid muscle actions notes draws hyoid cranially
Changes for: mylohyoid muscle
- Deleted
- - mylohyoid muscle comment mylohyoideus and digastricus anterior of rats derived from intermandibularis posterior, see e.g. Jarvik [53] http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/table/T3
- Added
- + mylohyoid muscle comment Taxon motes: mylohyoideus and digastricus anterior of rats derived from intermandibularis posterior, see e.g. Jarvik [53] http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/table/T3
Changes for: longus capitis muscle
- Deleted
- - longus capitis muscle comment Action notes: flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint
- Added
- + longus capitis muscle actions notes flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint
Changes for: cheek
- Deleted
- - cheek definition Cheeks constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear. It is fleshy in humans and other mammals, the skin being suspended by the chin and the jaws, and forming the lateral wall of the human mouth, visibly touching the cheekbone below the eye. In vertebrates, markings on the cheek area (malar stripes/spots/… ), particularly immediately beneath the eye, often serve as important distinguishing features between species or individuals. ‘Buccal’ means relating to the cheek. In humans, the region is innervated by the buccal nerve. The inside of the cheek (forming part of the mouth cavity) is lined with a mucous membrane. It is the most common location from which a DNA sample can be taken (during a cheek swab). The cheeks are covered externally by hairy skin, and internally by stratified squamous epithelium. This is mostly smooth, but may have aborally directed papillae . The mucosa is supplied with secretions from the Buccal glands, which are arranged in superior and inferior groups. In carnivores, the superior buccal gland is large and discrete: the Zygomatic gland. During mastication (chewing), the cheeks and tongue between them serve to keep the food between the teeth. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheek }
- Added
- + cheek definition A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheek , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + cheek taxon notes In many animals the inside of the cheek is lined with mucous membrane covered with stratified squamous epithelium and supplied with secretions from buccal glands.
Changes for: muscle of larynx
- Deleted
- - muscle of larynx comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + muscle of larynx editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: intrinsic auricular muscle
- Deleted
- - intrinsic auricular muscle SubClassOf part of some pinna
Changes for: masseter muscle
- Deleted
- - masseter muscle comment The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (…) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati)[VHOG]
- Added
- + masseter muscle taxon notes The division of the adductor mandibulae in the various lines of tetrapod evolution correlates with divergences in their methods of feeding. (…) As the jaws become stronger and their movements more complex in the line of evolution toward mammals, the adductor complex becomes divided into several distinct muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoideus, tensor tympani, tensor veli palati) { source=VHOG }
Changes for: bronchial vein
- Deleted
- - bronchial vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + bronchial vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: venous plexus
- Deleted
- - venous plexus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + venous plexus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: auricular muscle
- Added
- + auricular muscle actions notes In some mammals these muscles can adjust the direction of the pinna. In humans these muscles possess very little action. The auricularis anterior draws the auricula forward and upward; the Auricularis superior slightly raises it; and the Auricularis posterior draws it backward.
- + auricular muscle database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auricular_muscles
- + auricular muscle definition A muscle that is part of the pinna and is attached to the auricular cartilage
- + auricular muscle has broad synonym auriclular
- + auricular muscle has exact synonym musculi auriculares { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auricular_muscles , has synonym type=latin term }
Changes for: pericardiacophrenic vein
- Deleted
- - pericardiacophrenic vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pericardiacophrenic vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: thymic vein
- Deleted
- - thymic vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + thymic vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: subclavian vein
- Deleted
- - subclavian vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + subclavian vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vertebral vein
- Deleted
- - vertebral vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vertebral vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: internal jugular vein
- Deleted
- - internal jugular vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + internal jugular vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: extrinsic auricular muscle
- Deleted
- - extrinsic auricular muscle comment AP Notes: Wikipedia topic refers to the extrinsic auricular muscles
- - extrinsic auricular muscle has broad synonym musculi auriculares { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auriculares_muscles , has synonym type=latin term }
- Added
- + extrinsic auricular muscle EquivalentTo auricular muscle and has muscle origin some epicranial aponeurosis and has muscle insertion some auricular cartilage
- + extrinsic auricular muscle external ontology notes Wikipedia topic refers to the extrinsic auricular muscles
Changes for: depressor labii inferioris
- Deleted
- - depressor labii inferioris comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + depressor labii inferioris editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: buccinator muscle
- Deleted
- - buccinator muscle SubClassOf has muscle origin some temporomandibular joint
- - buccinator muscle definition a thin quadrilateral muscle, occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccinator_muscle }
- - buccinator muscle external definition The buccinator is a muscle that is attached to the mandible, skin, pterygomandibular raphe and maxilla, and is innervated by Cranial Nerve VII and participates in oropharyngeal behavior.[FEED] { date retrieved=2012-07-02 , ontology=FEED , url=http://www.feedexp.org }
- - buccinator muscle has exact synonym buccinatorius
- Added
- + buccinator muscle EquivalentTo facial muscle and attaches to some mandible and attaches to some skin of body and attaches to some maxilla and attaches to some pterygomandibular raphe and attaches to some facial modiolus
- + buccinator muscle SubClassOf attaches to some facial modiolus
- + buccinator muscle SubClassOf attaches to some mandible
- + buccinator muscle SubClassOf attaches to some maxilla
- + buccinator muscle SubClassOf attaches to some pterygomandibular raphe
- + buccinator muscle SubClassOf attaches to some skin of body
- + buccinator muscle definition The buccinator is a muscle that is attached to the mandible, skin, pterygomandibular raphe and maxilla, and is innervated by Cranial Nerve VII and participates in oropharyngeal behavior. { database cross reference=http://www.feedexp.org/ , database cross reference=FEED:cw , database cross reference=FEED:rd , database cross reference=MFMO:0000002 }
- + buccinator muscle editor note logical definition provided by FEED
- + buccinator muscle has narrow synonym trumpeters muscle { database cross reference=MFMO:0000002 , database cross reference=NCBITaxon:9606 }
- + buccinator muscle has related synonym buccinatorius { database cross reference=MFMO:0000002 }
Changes for: levator labii superioris
- Deleted
- - levator labii superioris comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + levator labii superioris editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: respiratory muscle
- Deleted
- - respiratory muscle comment This class may be merged with ‘respiratory system muscle’; check intercostals
- Added
- + respiratory muscle curator notes this class may be merged with ‘respiratory system muscle’; check intercostals
Changes for: palmar/plantar sweat gland
- Deleted
- - palmar/plantar sweat gland taxon notes in mice these are the only sweat glands present[MP:0000675]
- Added
- + palmar/plantar sweat gland taxon notes in mice these are the only sweat glands present { source=MP:0000675 }
Changes for: proximal mesopodial bone
- Deleted
- - proximal mesopodial bone EquivalentTo mesopodium bone and connected to some zeugopodial skeleton
- - proximal mesopodial bone SubClassOf connected to some zeugopodial skeleton
- - proximal mesopodial bone definition A tarsal bone that connected_to a zeugopod skeleton. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
- Added
- + proximal mesopodial bone EquivalentTo proximal mesopodial endochondral element and composed primarily of some bone tissue
- + proximal mesopodial bone SubClassOf composed primarily of some bone tissue
- + proximal mesopodial bone SubClassOf develops from some proximal mesopodial cartilage element
- + proximal mesopodial bone SubClassOf proximal mesopodial endochondral element
Changes for: ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 2
- Deleted
- - ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 2 development notes in humans, the ventral portion of pouches 1 and 2 are obliterated by the developing tongue[ISBN10:1607950324]
- Added
- + ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 2 development notes in humans, the ventral portion of pouches 1 and 2 are obliterated by the developing tongue { source=ISBN10:1607950324 }
Changes for: dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3
- Deleted
- - dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3 development notes Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands[WP] in mammals, the cranial dorsal aspect of the third pouch generates the inferior parathyroids (or parathyroid III)[MP]
- Added
- + dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 3 development notes Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands[WP] in mammals, the cranial dorsal aspect of the third pouch generates the inferior parathyroids (or parathyroid III) { source=MP }
Changes for: ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 1
- Deleted
- - ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 1 development notes in humans, the ventral portion of pouches 1 and 2 are obliterated by the developing tongue[ISBN10:1607950324]
- Added
- + ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 1 development notes in humans, the ventral portion of pouches 1 and 2 are obliterated by the developing tongue { source=ISBN10:1607950324 }
Changes for: mediastinum
- Deleted
- - mediastinum definition The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. The mediastinum lies between the right and left pleura in and near the median sagittal plane of the chest. It extends from the sternum in front to the vertebral column behind, and contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs. It may be divided for purposes of description into two parts:an upper portion, above the upper level of the pericardium, which is named the superior mediastinum with its superior limit at the superior thoracic opening and its inferior limit at the plane from the sternal angle to the disc of T4-T5 (Plane of Ludwig at Angle of Louis); and a lower portion, below the upper level of the pericardium. This lower portion is again subdivided into three parts, viz. that in front of the pericardium, the anterior mediastinum; that containing the pericardium and its contents, the middle mediastinum; and that behind the pericardium, the posterior mediastinum. It is surrounded by the chest wall anteriorly, the lungs laterally and the spine posteriorly. It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck, and extends inferiorly onto the diaphragm. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediastinum }
- Added
- + mediastinum definition A central thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue that contains (where present) the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediastinum }
- + mediastinum taxon notes In humans, the mediastinum lies between the right and left pleura in and near the median sagittal plane of the chest. It extends from the sternum in front to the vertebral column behind, and contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs. It may be divided for purposes of description into two parts:an upper portion, above the upper level of the pericardium, which is named the superior mediastinum with its superior limit at the superior thoracic opening and its inferior limit at the plane from the sternal angle to the disc of T4-T5 (Plane of Ludwig at Angle of Louis); and a lower portion, below the upper level of the pericardium. This lower portion is again subdivided into three parts, viz. that in front of the pericardium, the anterior mediastinum; that containing the pericardium and its contents, the middle mediastinum; and that behind the pericardium, the posterior mediastinum. It is surrounded by the chest wall anteriorly, the lungs laterally and the spine posteriorly. It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the neck, and extends inferiorly onto the diaphragm { source=WP }
Changes for: dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2
- Deleted
- - dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2 development notes in humans, persists as the tonsillar fossa - the endodermal lining covers the mesodermal lymphatic tissue to form the palatine tonsil[ISBN10:1607950324]. the dorsal elongation of the second pouch endoderm of all mammals, with the exception of rodents, gives rise to the epithelial lining of palatine tonsils; in rodents, the ventral portion of the second pouch appears to degenerate whereas the remaining part is incorporated into the lateral border of the pharynx; it appears that rodents no longer require tonsils as their function is carried out by the NALT (Nose/Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) system in the upper respiratory tract[MP]
- Added
- + dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 2 development notes in humans, persists as the tonsillar fossa - the endodermal lining covers the mesodermal lymphatic tissue to form the palatine tonsil[ISBN10:1607950324]. the dorsal elongation of the second pouch endoderm of all mammals, with the exception of rodents, gives rise to the epithelial lining of palatine tonsils; in rodents, the ventral portion of the second pouch appears to degenerate whereas the remaining part is incorporated into the lateral border of the pharynx; it appears that rodents no longer require tonsils as their function is carried out by the NALT (Nose/Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) system in the upper respiratory tract { source=MP }
Changes for: dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 1
- Deleted
- - dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 1 development notes in humans, dorsal diverticulum deepens as the tubotympanic recess to form the auditory tube[ISBN10:1607950324]
- Added
- + dorsal part of pharyngeal pouch 1 development notes in humans, dorsal diverticulum deepens as the tubotympanic recess to form the auditory tube { source=ISBN10:1607950324 }
Changes for: buccal fat pad
- Added
- + buccal fat pad has exact synonym cheek fat pad
Changes for: ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3
- Deleted
- - ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3 development notes The ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus[WP] the caudal ventral part of the pouch gives rise to the thymus epithelium[MP]
- Added
- + ventral part of pharyngeal pouch 3 development notes The ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus[WP] the caudal ventral part of the pouch gives rise to the thymus epithelium { source=MP }
Changes for: basal nucleus of telencephalon
- Deleted
- - basal nucleus of telencephalon comment Location notes: The NBM is inferior to the globus pallidus and within an area known as the substantia innominata
- - basal nucleus of telencephalon external ontology notes MA has basal nucleus as synonym for BG. Function notes: rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase[WP] { external ontology=MA }
- Added
- + basal nucleus of telencephalon external ontology notes MA has basal nucleus as synonym for BG. { external ontology=MA }
- + basal nucleus of telencephalon function notes rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase { source=WP }
- + basal nucleus of telencephalon location notes The NBM is inferior to the globus pallidus and within an area known as the substantia innominata
Changes for: spinal nerve root
- Deleted
- - spinal nerve root comment ZFA has part_of to spinal cord but this causes spatial disjointness violations (CNS/PNS)
- Added
- + spinal nerve root external ontology notes ZFA has part_of to spinal cord but this causes spatial disjointness violations (CNS/PNS) { external ontology=ZFA }
Changes for: spiracle
- Deleted
- - spiracle taxon notes The spiracle is still found in all cartilaginous fish except chimaeras, and in bony fishes in the coelacanth, sturgeon, paddlefish and bichirs. It is also seen as an otic notch in the skull of the extinct labyrinthodonts, and is thought to be associated with the ear opening in amniotes and frogs[WP]
- Added
- + spiracle taxon notes The spiracle is still found in all cartilaginous fish except chimaeras, and in bony fishes in the coelacanth, sturgeon, paddlefish and bichirs. It is also seen as an otic notch in the skull of the extinct labyrinthodonts, and is thought to be associated with the ear opening in amniotes and frogs { source=WP }
Changes for: spiral valve of conus arteriosus
- Deleted
- - spiral valve of conus arteriosus comment Evolution notes: The spiral valve is considered to have evolved from the right member of the four embryonic endocardial ridges (Goodrich, 1930 - via Morris 1974)
- Added
- + spiral valve of conus arteriosus taxon notes The spiral valve is considered to have evolved from the right member of the four embryonic endocardial ridges (Goodrich, 1930 - via Morris 1974)
Changes for: muscle of iris
- Deleted
- Added
- + muscle of iris editor note 331
- + muscle of iris taxon notes in aves, stromal mesenchymal cells may migrate to the iris and become skeletal
Changes for: median ovary
- Deleted
- - median ovary taxon notes [In other animals]](In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[Wikipedia:Ovary#In_other_animals])
- Added
- + median ovary taxon notes In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo { source=In other animals }
Changes for: extra-ocular muscle
- Deleted
- - extra-ocular muscle external ontology notes BTO and MA consider this part of the eye; we follow them here (inferred from skeletal muscle). Not clear if omission from FMA is deliberate. Editor notes: todo - resolve discrepancies in which muscles are considered extra-ocular { external ontology=BTO }
- Added
- + extra-ocular muscle editor note todo - resolve discrepancies in which muscles are considered extra-ocular
- + extra-ocular muscle external ontology notes BTO and MA consider this part of the eye; we follow them here (inferred from skeletal muscle). Not clear if omission from FMA is deliberate. { external ontology=BTO }
Changes for: oral gland
- Deleted
- - oral gland comment Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa
- Added
- + oral gland external ontology notes Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa { external ontology=EHDAA2 }
Changes for: isthmus of thyroid gland
- Deleted
- - isthmus of thyroid gland comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - isthmus of thyroid gland definition The thyroid isthmus connects together the lower thirds of the lobes; it measures about 1.25 cm. in breadth, and the same in depth, and usually covers the second and third rings of the trachea. Its situation and size present, however, many variations. In the middle line of the neck it is covered by the skin and fascia, and close to the middle line, on either side, by the Sternothyreoideus. Across its upper border runs an anastomotic branch uniting the two superior thyroid arteries; at its lower border are the inferior thyroid veins. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_isthmus }
- - isthmus of thyroid gland has exact synonym isthmus glandulae thyroideae
- Added
- + isthmus of thyroid gland definition A narrow median bridge that joins together the lower thirds of the two lateral (right and left) lobes of the thyroid gland and usually covers the second and the third tracheal rings; the thyroid isthmus is variable in presence and size, can change shape and size, and can encompass a cranially extending pyramid lobe (lobus pyramidalis or processus pyramidalis), remnant of the thyroglossal duct { database cross reference=MP:0013163 }
- + isthmus of thyroid gland editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- + isthmus of thyroid gland has exact synonym isthmus glandulae thyroideae { has synonym type=latin term }
Changes for: spermatic artery
- Deleted
- - spermatic artery comment add child terms; consider merging with testicular artery
- Added
- + spermatic artery editor note add child terms; consider merging with testicular artery
Changes for: auricular artery
- Deleted
- - auricular artery comment add child terms
- Added
- + auricular artery editor note add child terms
Changes for: labial artery
- Deleted
- - labial artery comment add child terms
- Added
- + labial artery editor note add child terms
Changes for: alveolar artery
- Deleted
- - alveolar artery comment add child terms
- Added
- + alveolar artery editor note add child terms
Changes for: mental artery
- Deleted
- - mental artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + mental artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: buccal artery
- Deleted
- - buccal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + buccal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: transverse facial artery
- Deleted
- - transverse facial artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + transverse facial artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: maxillary artery
- Deleted
- - maxillary artery development notes …1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries [http://download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/Vascular_Devt.html]
- Added
- + maxillary artery development notes …1st pair undergoes partial regression, the remnants of which becomes part of the maxillary arteries { source=http://download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/Vascular_Devt.html }
Changes for: occipital artery
- Deleted
- - occipital artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + occipital artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: superficial temporal artery
- Deleted
- - superficial temporal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superficial temporal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: copula linguae
- Deleted
- - copula linguae comment add new term for Hypobranchial_eminence?
- Added
- + copula linguae editor note add new term for Hypobranchial_eminence?
Changes for: sublingual artery
- Deleted
- - sublingual artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + sublingual artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: facial artery
- Deleted
- - facial artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + facial artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex
- Added
- + acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361514006
- + acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex has exact synonym acousticofacial ganglion
- + acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex has exact synonym facio-acoustic ganglion
Changes for: ampullary gland
- Deleted
- - ampullary gland SubClassOf part of some efferent duct
- - ampullary gland comment Ampullary glands are situated in an ampulla-like enlargement of the seminal duct, or embedded in the latter; they are present, eg in the Shrew, Ruminants, and certain Carnivores and Rodents. (Wiedersheim et al., 1907)[MorphoBank]
- Added
- + ampullary gland SubClassOf part of some vas deferens
- + ampullary gland has exact synonym ampulla of the vas
- + ampullary gland has exact synonym ampullae of the vas { has synonym type=plural term }
- + ampullary gland structure notes usually encapsulated by connective tissue and containing smooth muscle
- + ampullary gland taxon notes Ampullary glands are situated in an ampulla-like enlargement of the seminal duct, or embedded in the latter; they are present, eg in the Shrew, Ruminants, and certain Carnivores and Rodents. (Wiedersheim et al., 1907) { source=MorphoBank }
Changes for: lingual artery
- Deleted
- - lingual artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lingual artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: right coronary artery
- Deleted
- - right coronary artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + right coronary artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: tympanic plate
- Deleted
- - tympanic plate comment Consider merging with tympanic ring. See discussion page on wikipedia page for ectotympanic. editor note: TODO distinguish ecto- and ento- tympanics
- Added
- + tympanic plate editor note TODO distinguish ecto- and ento- tympanics
- + tympanic plate editor note consider merging with tympanic ring. See discussion page on wikipedia page for ectotympanic
Changes for: middle cerebral artery
- Deleted
- - middle cerebral artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + middle cerebral artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: left coronary artery
- Deleted
- - left coronary artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + left coronary artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: carotid body
- Deleted
- - carotid body comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - carotid body definition The carotid body (carotid glomus or glomus caroticum) is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat). The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_body }
- - carotid body has related synonym glomus caroticum { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_body , has synonym type=latin term }
- Added
- + carotid body definition A small epithelioid structure consisting of a small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery that serves as a chemoreceptive organ that senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control. { database cross reference=MP:0003438 }
- + carotid body has exact synonym carotid glomus { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_body }
- + carotid body has exact synonym glomus caroticum { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_body , has synonym type=latin term }
Changes for: central retinal artery
- Deleted
- - central retinal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + central retinal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: alveolar wall
- Added
- + alveolar wall external ontology notes part of wall in FMA { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: obsolete lobar bronchus bronchiole
- Deleted
- - obsolete lobar bronchus bronchiole comment This class was obsoleted as it was generated from an incorrect inference from EMAPA
- Added
- + obsolete lobar bronchus bronchiole curator notes this class was obsoleted as it was generated from an incorrect inference from EMAPA
Changes for: right lung accessory lobe
- Deleted
- - right lung accessory lobe comment In humans, the right lung typically has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior). The lobar fissures are often incomplete, making a connection between two apposed lobes. Conversely, more than the expected number of lobes may be produced by new fissures e.g. the azygous lobe of the lung. The additional lobes are termed ‘accessory lobes’ – http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1120927803
- - right lung accessory lobe taxon notes In mouse this is sometimes divided into intermediate and diaphragmatic lobes[ISBN10:0123813611]
- Added
- + right lung accessory lobe taxon notes In mouse this is sometimes divided into intermediate and diaphragmatic lobes { source=ISBN10:0123813611 }
- + right lung accessory lobe taxon notes in humans, the right lung typically has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior). The lobar fissures are often incomplete, making a connection between two apposed lobes. Conversely, more than the expected number of lobes may be produced by new fissures e.g. the azygous lobe of the lung. The additional lobes are termed ‘accessory lobes’ – http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1120927803
Changes for: posterior cerebral artery
- Deleted
- - posterior cerebral artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + posterior cerebral artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: superior cerebellar artery
- Deleted
- - superior cerebellar artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superior cerebellar artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: basilar artery
- Deleted
- - basilar artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - basilar artery definition In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilar_artery }
- Added
- + basilar artery SubClassOf supplies some hindbrain
- + basilar artery definition A major artery that supplues the hindbrain and runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. { database cross reference=BGEE:ann }
- + basilar artery external definition Artery that runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain. It lies between the primordial hindbrain channels(PHBC). It irrigates the hindbrain and is connected, through the hindbrain, to the PHBC by the central arteries. { source=ZFA:0005002 }
- + basilar artery external definition The unpaired artery that is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries, runs forward within the skull just under the pons, divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries, and supplies the pons, cerebellum, posterior part of the cerebrum, and the inner ear[MP]. { source=MP:0013186 }
Changes for: thoracic duct
- Deleted
- - thoracic duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + thoracic duct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: temporal artery
- Deleted
- - temporal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + temporal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: glossopharyngeal nerve
- Deleted
- - glossopharyngeal nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + glossopharyngeal nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: trigeminal nerve
- Deleted
- - trigeminal nerve taxon notes the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls[ISBN10:0471888893]
- Added
- + trigeminal nerve taxon notes the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls { source=ISBN10:0471888893 }
Changes for: trochlear nerve
- Deleted
- - trochlear nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + trochlear nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: abducens nerve
- Deleted
- - abducens nerve taxon notes Homologous abducens nerves are found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes.[WP] It controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, in humans. In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection[WP]
- Added
- + abducens nerve taxon notes Homologous abducens nerves are found in all vertebrates except lampreys and hagfishes.[WP] It controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, in humans. In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection { source=WP }
Changes for: oculomotor nerve
- Deleted
- - oculomotor nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + oculomotor nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: paries nasi
- Deleted
- - paries nasi SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- Added
- + paries nasi SubClassOf nasal cartilage
Changes for: transverse facial vein
- Deleted
- - transverse facial vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + transverse facial vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: middle temporal vein
- Deleted
- - middle temporal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + middle temporal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: superficial temporal vein
- Deleted
- - superficial temporal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superficial temporal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: retromandibular vein
- Deleted
- - retromandibular vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + retromandibular vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: facial vein
- Deleted
- - facial vein comment Comment note MA and NCITA also has ‘anterior facial vein’
- Added
- + facial vein external ontology notes MA and NCITA also has ‘anterior facial vein’ { external ontology=MA }
Changes for: supra-orbital vein
- Deleted
- - supra-orbital vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + supra-orbital vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: paranasal commissure
- Deleted
- - paranasal commissure SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- Added
- + paranasal commissure SubClassOf nasal cartilage
Changes for: cardiovascular system endothelium
- Deleted
- - cardiovascular system endothelium comment consider merging with ‘endothelium’
- Added
- + cardiovascular system endothelium editor note consider merging with ‘endothelium’
Changes for: orbital cavity
- Deleted
- - orbital cavity definition An anatomical cavity that is part of a orbital region. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
- - orbital cavity external ontology notes note that the AAO class is a cavity { external ontology=AAO }
- Added
- + orbital cavity database cross reference ZFA:0005558
- + orbital cavity definition Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + orbital cavity external ontology notes note that the AAO and ZFA class is a cavity { external ontology=AAO , seeAlso=https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/462 }
Changes for: somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
- Deleted
- - somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm comment check BILA
- Added
- + somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm editor note check BILA
Changes for: endometrium epithelium
- Deleted
- - endometrium epithelium comment Taxon/histology notes: In rodents and primates, the uterine epithelium (the endometrium) is eroded away so that maternal blood comes into direct contact with the trophoblast surface (called haemochorial) [PMID:19829370]
- Added
- + endometrium epithelium taxon notes In rodents and primates, the uterine epithelium (the endometrium) is eroded away so that maternal blood comes into direct contact with the trophoblast surface (called haemochorial) { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829370 }
Changes for: oronasal membrane
- Deleted
- - oronasal membrane comment split into two?
- Added
- + oronasal membrane editor note split into two?
Changes for: accessory XI nerve cranial component
- Deleted
- - accessory XI nerve cranial component editor note May be obsoleted in future. WP states: Traditional descriptions of the accessory nerve divide it into two parts: a spinal part and a cranial part.[1] But because the cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve and serves the same function as other vagal nerve fibers, modern descriptions often consider the cranial component part of the vagus nerve and not part of the accessory nerve proper.[2]
- Added
- + accessory XI nerve cranial component editor note May be obsoleted in future. WP states: Traditional descriptions of the accessory nerve divide it into two parts: a spinal part and a cranial part.[1] But because the cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve and serves the same function as other vagal nerve fibers, modern descriptions often consider the cranial component part of the vagus nerve and not part of the accessory nerve proper.
Changes for: fibulare
- Deleted
- - fibulare taxon notes In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale[AAO]
- Added
- + fibulare taxon notes In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale { source=AAO }
Changes for: respiratory velum
- Deleted
- - respiratory velum comment Muscular scroll-like flap that moves water through median nostril and over gills // trifid and posteriorly directed lamina arising from roof of pharynx, behind posterior end of naso-pharyngeal duct; Taxon notes: this is restricted to hagfishes; structure with same name found in tunicates
- - respiratory velum database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryUV.html
- Added
- + respiratory velum function notes Muscular scroll-like flap that moves water through median nostril and over gills
- + respiratory velum location notes trifid and posteriorly directed lamina arising from roof of pharynx, behind posterior end of naso-pharyngeal duct;
- + respiratory velum taxon notes this is restricted to hagfishes; structure with same name found in tunicates.
Changes for: dental lamina
- Deleted
- - dental lamina comment Homology notes: In the epidermis of embryonic birds, there remains a transient thickening that is comparable to the early formation of the dental lamina in the mouse[PMID:10954731]. AO notes: check MA placement, this structure is the developing structure
- Added
- + dental lamina external ontology notes check MA placement, this structure is the developing structure { external ontology=MA }
- + dental lamina taxon notes In the epidermis of embryonic birds, there remains a transient thickening that is comparable to the early formation of the dental lamina in the mouse { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10954731 }
Changes for: centrale
- Deleted
- - centrale EquivalentTo centrale endochondral element and composed primarily of some centrale endochondral element
- - centrale SubClassOf composed primarily of some centrale endochondral element
- Added
- + centrale EquivalentTo centrale endochondral element and composed primarily of some bone tissue
- + centrale SubClassOf composed primarily of some bone tissue
- + centrale SubClassOf mesopodium bone
Changes for: olecranon fossa
- Deleted
- - olecranon fossa comment a deep evacuation in the bone, into which the anconeal process of the ulna passes when the elbow joint is extended
- - olecranon fossa definition Above the back part of the trochlea of the humerus is a deep triangular depression, the olecranon fossa, in which the summit of the olecranon is received in extension of the forearm. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olecranon_fossa }
- Added
- + olecranon fossa definition a deep evacuation in the bone, into which the anconeal process of the ulna passes when the elbow joint is extended. { database cross reference=MURDOCH:894 }
Changes for: intercuneiform joint
- Deleted
- - intercuneiform joint terminology notes The term ‘cuneocuboid articulation’ is sometimes used to describe the joint between the cuboid and lateral cuneiform, but this term isn’t recognized by Terminologia Anatomica[WP]
- Added
- + intercuneiform joint terminology notes The term ‘cuneocuboid articulation’ is sometimes used to describe the joint between the cuboid and lateral cuneiform, but this term isn’t recognized by Terminologia Anatomica { source=WP }
Changes for: cervix epithelium
- Deleted
- - cervix epithelium comment [Histology]](Histology notes: The epithelium of the cervix is varied. The ectocervix (more distal, by the vagina) is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The endocervix (more proximal, within the uterus) is composed of simple columnar epithelium[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix#Histology])
- Added
- + cervix epithelium structure notes The epithelium of the cervix is varied. The ectocervix (more distal, by the vagina) is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The endocervix (more proximal, within the uterus) is composed of simple columnar epithelium { source=Histology }
Changes for: renal venous blood vessel
- Deleted
- - renal venous blood vessel comment We follow MA and MP in distinguishing the venous blood vessel from the vein. The kidney cortex vein is not considered a renal vein, nor is the vasa recta
- Added
- + renal venous blood vessel external ontology notes we follow MA and MP in distinguishing the venous blood vessel from the vein. The kidney cortex vein is not considered a renal vein, nor is the vasa recta { external ontology=MA }
Changes for: pancreaticoduodenal lymph node
- Added
- + pancreaticoduodenal lymph node SubClassOf abdominal viscera
Changes for: cranial placode
- Deleted
- - cranial placode comment .
- - cranial placode editor note to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass. Do not merge. Terminological notes: The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. Taxon notes: Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons[PMID:11523831]
- Added
- + cranial placode editor note to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass. Do not merge.
- + cranial placode taxon notes Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11523831 }
- + cranial placode terminology notes The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this.
Changes for: larva
- Deleted
- Added
- + larva editor note TODO discriminate between stages and organisms
- + larva editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: hatching gland
- Deleted
- - hatching gland comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + hatching gland editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: sacral lymph node
- Added
- + sacral lymph node SubClassOf pelvic region element
Changes for: mediastinal lymph node
- Added
- + mediastinal lymph node SubClassOf thoracic cavity element
Changes for: basicranium
- Deleted
- - basicranium has exact synonym base of skull
- - basicranium has exact synonym basis cranii { database cross reference=FMA:52801 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
- - basicranium has exact synonym skull base
- - basicranium has related synonym basis cranii { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_of_skull , has synonym type=latin term }
- - basicranium has related synonym cranial base { database cross reference=MA:0002840 }
- Added
- + basicranium has exact synonym base of cranium
- + basicranium has exact synonym base of skull { database cross reference=FMA:52801 }
- + basicranium has exact synonym basis cranii { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_of_skull , database cross reference=FMA:52801 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
- + basicranium has exact synonym cranial base { database cross reference=FMA:52801 , database cross reference=MA:0002840 }
Changes for: corpus luteum
- Deleted
- - corpus luteum taxon notes maintains the endometrium in mammals[WP]. A corpus luteum is known in hagfish (100), Squalus (101), and salamander (100) but not lamprey (102). There are no data for Branchiostoma and Ciona, and given that they are multiple spawners, there is no a priori reason to conclude that they lack a corpus luteum[PMID:20959416]
- Added
- + corpus luteum taxon notes maintains the endometrium in mammals[WP]. A corpus luteum is known in hagfish (100), Squalus (101), and salamander (100) but not lamprey (102). There are no data for Branchiostoma and Ciona, and given that they are multiple spawners, there is no a priori reason to conclude that they lack a corpus luteum { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20959416 }
Changes for: trabecula carnea
- Deleted
- - trabecula carnea definition The trabeculae carneae (columnae carneae, or fleshy beams), are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart.[1] They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right[1] and left atria only. They are of three kinds: * some are attached along their entire length on one side and merely form prominent ridges,* others are fixed at their extremities but free in the middle, * while a third set, the papillary muscles are continuous by their bases with the wall of the ventricle, while their apices give origin to the chordæ tendineæ which pass to be attached to the segments of both the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. The purpose of the trabeculae carneae is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart’s ability to pump efficiently. The trabeculae carneae also serve a similar function to papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves, that is, their bulging towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria. So by the action of papillary muscles on the atrioventricular valves, backflow of the blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabeculae_carneae }
- Added
- + trabecula carnea SubClassOf composed primarily of some cardiac muscle tissue
- + trabecula carnea SubClassOf part of some cardiac ventricle
- + trabecula carnea SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
- + trabecula carnea definition An irregular muscular column that projects from the inner surface of the ventricles of the heart.. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabeculae_carneae }
- + trabecula carnea function notes The purpose of the trabeculae carneae is most likely to prevent suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impair the heart’s ability to pump efficiently. The trabeculae carneae also serve a similar function to papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves, that is, their bulging towards the atrial chambers, which would lead to subsequent leakage of the blood into the atria. So by the action of papillary muscles on the atrioventricular valves, backflow of the blood from the ventricles into the atria is prevented { source=WP }
Changes for: navicular bone of pes
- Deleted
- - navicular bone of pes taxon notes connections vary depending on species. AAO: Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5. In humans: there is a cuboid instead of distal tarsal 4 and 5 - may articulate laterally with the cuboid[WP]
- Added
- + navicular bone of pes taxon notes connections vary depending on species. AAO: Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5. In humans: there is a cuboid instead of distal tarsal 4 and 5 - may articulate laterally with the cuboid { source=WP }
Changes for: face
- Deleted
- - face development notes The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence)[vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf]
- Added
- + face development notes The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) { source=vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf }
Changes for: skin of external ear
- Deleted
- - skin of external ear comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of external ear editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: subdivision of head
- Deleted
- - subdivision of head comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + subdivision of head editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: chest
- Deleted
- Added
- + chest editor note FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions
Changes for: tarsal bone
- Deleted
- - tarsal bone taxon notes In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment[Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton)]
- Added
- + tarsal bone taxon notes In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment { source=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsus_(skeleton) }
Changes for: distal carpal bone 3
- Deleted
- - distal carpal bone 3 taxon notes medially located and articulates with metacarpals 2-4, distal carpal 5 and the intermedium[VSAO] In the human hand, the capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist - The capitate articulates with seven bones: the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the second metacarpal, third metacarpal, and fourth metacarpal distally, the lesser multangular on the radial side, and the hamate on the ulnar side[WP]
- Added
- + distal carpal bone 3 taxon notes medially located and articulates with metacarpals 2-4, distal carpal 5 and the intermedium[VSAO] In the human hand, the capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist - The capitate articulates with seven bones: the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the second metacarpal, third metacarpal, and fourth metacarpal distally, the lesser multangular on the radial side, and the hamate on the ulnar side { source=WP }
Changes for: distal carpal bone 2
- Deleted
- - distal carpal bone 2 taxon notes located in the distal part of the carpus and articulating with the second metacarpal, the distal carpals 1 and 2 and the radiale.[VSAO] in humans - The capitate articulates with 2nd metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezium medially, capitate medially[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2)[AAO]
- Added
- + distal carpal bone 2 taxon notes located in the distal part of the carpus and articulating with the second metacarpal, the distal carpals 1 and 2 and the radiale.[VSAO] in humans - The capitate articulates with 2nd metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezium medially, capitate medially[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2) { source=AAO }
Changes for: distal carpal bone 4
- Deleted
- - distal carpal bone 4 taxon notes articulates with the lunar, distal carpal 3, the ulnare as well as metacarpals 4 and 5.[VSAO]. In the human hand the lunate proximally the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally the triangular medially the capitate laterally[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements[AAO]
- Added
- + distal carpal bone 4 taxon notes articulates with the lunar, distal carpal 3, the ulnare as well as metacarpals 4 and 5.[VSAO]. In the human hand the lunate proximally the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally the triangular medially the capitate laterally[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements { source=AAO }
Changes for: distal carpal bone 1
- Deleted
- - distal carpal bone 1 taxon notes located between radiale and first metacarpal[VSAO]. in humans - The capitate articulates with 1st metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezoid medially, 2nd metacarpal medially[WP]
- Added
- + distal carpal bone 1 taxon notes located between radiale and first metacarpal[VSAO]. in humans - The capitate articulates with 1st metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezoid medially, 2nd metacarpal medially { source=WP }
Changes for: metaphysis
- Deleted
- - metaphysis comment adjacent to or containing epiphyseal plate? Note in FMA the metaphysis is part of the diaphysis, but not in MA.
- Added
- + metaphysis editor note todo - decide - adjacent to or containing epiphyseal plate? AO Notes: FMA the metaphysis is part of the diaphysis, but not in MA.
Changes for: facial lymphatic vessel
- Deleted
- - facial lymphatic vessel comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + facial lymphatic vessel editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: subscapular vein
- Deleted
- - subscapular vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + subscapular vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: planum internasale
- Deleted
- - planum internasale SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- Added
- + planum internasale SubClassOf nasal cartilage
Changes for: planum conchale
- Deleted
- - planum conchale SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- Added
- + planum conchale SubClassOf nasal cartilage
Changes for: planum antorbitale
- Deleted
- - planum antorbitale SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- Added
- + planum antorbitale SubClassOf nasal cartilage
Changes for: antorbital fenestra
- Added
- + antorbital fenestra SubClassOf part of some skull
Changes for: lunate
- Deleted
- - lunate taxon notes articulating with the ulnare and the radiale[VSAO}. human articulations: radius proximally capitate and hamate distally scaphoid laterally triangular medially
- Added
- + lunate taxon notes articulating with the ulnare and the radiale[VSAO]. human articulations: radius proximally capitate and hamate distally scaphoid laterally triangular medially
Changes for: pisiform
- Deleted
- Added
- + pisiform editor note check: accessory carpal
Changes for: jugular lymphatic vessel
- Deleted
- - jugular lymphatic vessel comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + jugular lymphatic vessel editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: pectoral lymphatic vessel
- Deleted
- - pectoral lymphatic vessel comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pectoral lymphatic vessel editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: radial nerve
- Deleted
- - radial nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + radial nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ulnar nerve
- Deleted
- - ulnar nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ulnar nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: muscle of pes
- Deleted
- - muscle of pes comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + muscle of pes editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: neural tissue
- Deleted
- - neural tissue comment AO notes: FMA definition includes vasculature
- Added
- + neural tissue external ontology notes FMA definition includes vasculature { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: distal carpal bone
- Deleted
- - distal carpal bone taxon notes Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal[WP]
- Added
- + distal carpal bone SubClassOf distal mesopodial bone
- + distal carpal bone taxon notes Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal { source=WP }
Changes for: muscle of shoulder
- Deleted
- - muscle of shoulder comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + muscle of shoulder editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: hip joint
- Deleted
- - hip joint comment Alternate def - “The articulation between the femur and the innominate bone.” [BTO:0001502]
- - hip joint definition The hip joint is a synovial joint formed by the articulation of the rounded head of the femur and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. It forms the primary connection between the bones of the lower limb and the axial skeleton of the trunk and pelvis. Both joint surfaces are covered with a strong but lubricated layer called articular hyaline cartilage. The cuplike acetabulum forms at the union of three pelvic bones — the ilium, pubis, and ischium. { database cross reference=Articulation }
- Added
- + hip joint definition A synovial joint that connects the femur to the acetbulum of the innominate bone. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
Changes for: circle of Willis
- Deleted
- - circle of Willis taxon notes In zebrafish, the circle of vessels comprised of the basal communicating artery (BCA) and posterior communicating segments (PCS) superficially resemble but are not homologous to the human circle of Willis[http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html]
- Added
- + circle of Willis taxon notes In zebrafish, the circle of vessels comprised of the basal communicating artery (BCA) and posterior communicating segments (PCS) superficially resemble but are not homologous to the human circle of Willis { source=http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html }
Changes for: infraspinatus muscle
- Deleted
- - infraspinatus muscle taxon notes The pectoral muscles — the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor — evolved from a primitive muscle sheet that connected the coracoid to the humerus. In late reptilians and early mammals, this muscle structure was displaced dorsally; while most of its components evolved into the pectoralis major, some fibers eventually attached to the scapula and evolved into the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, and parts of the subscapularis.[WP]
- Added
- + infraspinatus muscle taxon notes The pectoral muscles — the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor — evolved from a primitive muscle sheet that connected the coracoid to the humerus. In late reptilians and early mammals, this muscle structure was displaced dorsally; while most of its components evolved into the pectoralis major, some fibers eventually attached to the scapula and evolved into the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, and parts of the subscapularis. { source=WP }
Changes for: skin of prepuce of penis
- Deleted
- - skin of prepuce of penis comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of prepuce of penis editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vaginal venous plexus
- Deleted
- - vaginal venous plexus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vaginal venous plexus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: bone element
- Deleted
- - bone element comment Alternate definition: Organ with cavitated organ parts, which primarily consists of compact (cortical) and cancellous bone, which surround bone marrow cavities; together with other bones, cartilages and joints, it constitutes the skeletal system. Examples: femur, sternum, maxilla, vertebra, talus[FMA]
Changes for: shoulder
- Deleted
- - shoulder definition In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula. The shoulder refers to the group of structures in the region of the joint. It is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The articulations between the bones of the shoulder make up the shoulder joints. There are two kinds of cartilage in the joint. The first type is the white cartilage on the ends of the bones (called articular cartilage) which allows the bones to glide and move on each other. When this type of cartilage starts to wear out (a process called arthritis), the joint becomes painful and stiff. The labrum is a second kind of cartilage in the shoulder which is distinctly different from the articular cartilage. This cartilage is more fibrous or rigid than the cartilage on the ends of the ball and socket. Also, this cartilage is also found only around the socket where it is attached. The shoulder must be flexible for the wide range of motion required in the arms and hands and also strong enough to allow for actions such as lifting, pushing and pulling. The compromise between these two functions results in a large number of shoulder problems not faced by other joints such as the hip. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder }
- Added
- + shoulder SubClassOf has part some shoulder joint
- + shoulder definition A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle). { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
Changes for: arm
- Deleted
- - arm comment This class refers to the combination of the stylopod and zeugopod of a forelimb. Sometimes (cf FMA), ‘arm’ denotes the stylopod only; sometimes (cf MA), ‘arm’ denotes the part of the forelimb covering both (i.e. shoulder to hand). Also note distinction between arm and forelimb: hand is part of forelimb, but not part of arm. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping hand, as AOs disagree over whether some wrist parts are in the arm or hand
- Added
- + arm curator notes this class refers to the combination of the stylopod and zeugopod of a forelimb. Sometimes (cf FMA), ‘arm’ denotes the stylopod only; sometimes (cf MA), ‘arm’ denotes the part of the forelimb covering both (i.e. shoulder to hand). Also note distinction between arm and forelimb: hand is part of forelimb, but not part of arm
- + arm editor note currently declared as overlapping hand, as AOs disagree over whether some wrist parts are in the arm or hand
Changes for: renal tubule
- Added
- + renal tubule curator notes this class groups vertebrate nephron tubules with analagous structures such as insect Malpighian tubules
Changes for: animal hemisphere
- Deleted
- - animal hemisphere comment The animal pole consists of small cells that divide rapidly, in contrast with the vegetal pole below it.[WP] Note the XAO class is specific to the zygote.
- Added
- + animal hemisphere comment AO notes: the XAO class is specific to the zygote.
- + animal hemisphere structure notes The animal pole consists of small cells that divide rapidly, in contrast with the vegetal pole below it. { source=WP }
Changes for: vegetal hemisphere
- Deleted
- - vegetal hemisphere comment The vegetal pole contains large yolky cells that divide very slowly, in contrast with the animal pole above it.[WP]
- Added
- + vegetal hemisphere structure notes The vegetal pole contains large yolky cells that divide very slowly, in contrast with the animal pole above it. { source=WP }
Changes for: trachea cartilage
- Deleted
- - trachea cartilage EquivalentTo cartilage tissue and part of some trachea
- - trachea cartilage SubClassOf trachea connective tissue
- Added
- + trachea cartilage EquivalentTo cartilage element and part of some trachea
Changes for: lower respiratory tract cartilage
- Deleted
- - lower respiratory tract cartilage EquivalentTo cartilage tissue and part of some lower respiratory tract
- - lower respiratory tract cartilage SubClassOf cartilage tissue
- - lower respiratory tract cartilage SubClassOf lower respiratory tract connective tissue
- Added
- + lower respiratory tract cartilage EquivalentTo cartilage element and part of some lower respiratory tract
- + lower respiratory tract cartilage SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- + lower respiratory tract cartilage SubClassOf endoderm-derived structure
Changes for: neck cartilage
- Deleted
- - neck cartilage EquivalentTo cartilage tissue and part of some neck
- - neck cartilage SubClassOf cartilage tissue
- - neck cartilage SubClassOf neck connective tissue
- Added
- + neck cartilage EquivalentTo cartilage element and part of some neck
- + neck cartilage SubClassOf cartilage element
Changes for: blubber
- Deleted
- - blubber comment Lipid-rich, collagen fiber–laced blubber comprises the hypodermis and covers the whole body, except for parts of the appendages, strongly attached to the musculature and skeleton by highly organized, fan-shaped networks of tendons and ligaments. It can comprise up to 50% of the body mass of some marine mammals during some points in their lives, and can range from two inches (5 cm) thick in dolphins and smaller whales, to more than 12 inches (30 cm)thick in some bigger whales, such as right and bowhead whales
- Added
- + blubber location notes Lipid-rich, collagen fiber–laced blubber comprises the hypodermis and covers the whole body, except for parts of the appendages, strongly attached to the musculature and skeleton by highly organized, fan-shaped networks of tendons and ligaments. It can comprise up to 50% of the body mass of some marine mammals during some points in their lives, and can range from two inches (5 cm) thick in dolphins and smaller whales, to more than 12 inches (30 cm)thick in some bigger whales, such as right and bowhead whales
Changes for: lymph node medullary cord
- Deleted
- - lymph node medullary cord SubClassOf anatomical structure
- Added
- + lymph node medullary cord SubClassOf organ part
- + lymph node medullary cord has broad synonym medullary cord
Changes for: lymph node medullary sinus
- Added
- + lymph node medullary sinus SubClassOf channel for some lymph
- + lymph node medullary sinus comment Lymph flows into the medullary sinuses from cortical sinuses, and into efferent lymphatic vessels. Medullary sinuses contain histiocytes (immobile macrophages) and reticular cells.[WP]
- + lymph node medullary sinus has broad synonym medullary sinus
- + lymph node medullary sinus has related synonym lymph node medullary sinusoid
Changes for: abductor pollicis longus
- Deleted
- - abductor pollicis longus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + abductor pollicis longus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: dorsalis pedis artery
- Deleted
- - dorsalis pedis artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + dorsalis pedis artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: posterior tibial artery
- Deleted
- - posterior tibial artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + posterior tibial artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: anterior tibial artery
- Deleted
- - anterior tibial artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + anterior tibial artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vertebral artery
- Deleted
- - vertebral artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vertebral artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lumbrical muscle of manus
- Deleted
- - lumbrical muscle of manus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lumbrical muscle of manus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: brachialis muscle
- Deleted
- - brachialis muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + brachialis muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: coracobrachialis muscle
- Deleted
- - coracobrachialis muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + coracobrachialis muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cupular organ
- Deleted
- - cupular organ comment Homology: possible homologues of neuromasts in the inner ear (Bone & Ryan, 1978; Wada et al 1998). In the tunicate cupular organ, the sensory cell is a primary neuron sending an axon to the CNS. The sensory cilium is within a deep indentation of the cell and is surrounded by a collar of short microvilli.
- Added
- + cupular organ taxon notes possible homologues of neuromasts in the inner ear (Bone & Ryan, 1978; Wada et al 1998). In the tunicate cupular organ, the sensory cell is a primary neuron sending an axon to the CNS. The sensory cilium is within a deep indentation of the cell and is surrounded by a collar of short microvilli.
Changes for: eyelid tarsus
- Deleted
- - eyelid tarsus taxon notes In most taxa (birds, mammals, lizards), the tarsal plate is described as a dense, fibrous connective tissue, possibly including cartilage, present within one or both of the upper and lower eyelids (Gau- thier et al., 1988; Rieppel, 2000). In humans, the tarsal plate of the upper eyelid is composed of collagens types I, III, and V, as well as glycosaminogly- cans (chondroitin sulphate 4 and 6), aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix proteins but lacks collagen type II as well as chondrocytes (Milz et al., 2005). Thus, for humans, the upper tarsal plate represents neither a truly fibrous nor a truly cartilagi- nous element but instead one that is composed of a unique transitional tissue (Milz et al., 2005). In many birds, lizards, and Sphenodon (the tuatara), the upper eyelid has lim- ited mobility and a putative tarsal plate is instead found within the lower eyelid (Underwood, 1970; Gau- thier et al., 1988). [PMID:16496288]
- Added
- + eyelid tarsus taxon notes In most taxa (birds, mammals, lizards), the tarsal plate is described as a dense, fibrous connective tissue, possibly including cartilage, present within one or both of the upper and lower eyelids (Gau- thier et al., 1988; Rieppel, 2000). In humans, the tarsal plate of the upper eyelid is composed of collagens types I, III, and V, as well as glycosaminogly- cans (chondroitin sulphate 4 and 6), aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix proteins but lacks collagen type II as well as chondrocytes (Milz et al., 2005). Thus, for humans, the upper tarsal plate represents neither a truly fibrous nor a truly cartilagi- nous element but instead one that is composed of a unique transitional tissue (Milz et al., 2005). In many birds, lizards, and Sphenodon (the tuatara), the upper eyelid has lim- ited mobility and a putative tarsal plate is instead found within the lower eyelid (Underwood, 1970; Gau- thier et al., 1988). { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496288 }
Changes for: posterior nasal aperture
- Deleted
- - posterior nasal aperture comment In addition to tetrapods, the lungfish has internal nostrils too. In tetrapods the exhalant nostril (choana) empties into the buccal cavity.
- - posterior nasal aperture taxon notes Fish don’t have choanae, instead they have two pairs of external nostrils[WP]
- Added
- + posterior nasal aperture taxon notes Fish don’t have choanae, instead they have two pairs of external nostrils { source=WP }
- + posterior nasal aperture taxon notes In addition to tetrapods, the lungfish has internal nostrils too. In tetrapods the exhalant nostril (choana) empties into the buccal cavity.
Changes for: muscle of manus
- Deleted
- - muscle of manus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + muscle of manus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of pes
- Deleted
- - skin of pes comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of pes editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of manus
- Deleted
- - skin of manus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of manus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of wrist
- Deleted
- - skin of wrist comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of wrist editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of elbow
- Deleted
- - skin of elbow comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of elbow editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ventral pancreas
- Deleted
- - ventral pancreas SubClassOf endocrine gland
Changes for: dorsal pancreas
- Deleted
- - dorsal pancreas SubClassOf endocrine gland
Changes for: molar tooth
- Deleted
- - molar tooth comment Adult humans have twelve molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The third, rearmost molar in each group is called a wisdom tooth. It is the last tooth to appear, breaking through the surface of the gum at about the age of twenty, although this varies from individual to individual. Ethnicity can also have an impact on the age at which this occurs, with statistical variations between groups. The human mouth contains upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular) molars. They are: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar, maxillary third molar, mandibular first molar, mandibular second molar, and mandibular third molar.
- Added
- + molar tooth comment Human variation notes: Adult humans have twelve molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The third, rearmost molar in each group is called a wisdom tooth. It is the last tooth to appear, breaking through the surface of the gum at about the age of twenty, although this varies from individual to individual. Ethnicity can also have an impact on the age at which this occurs, with statistical variations between groups. The human mouth contains upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular) molars. They are: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar, maxillary third molar, mandibular first molar, mandibular second molar, and mandibular third molar.
Changes for: skin of knee
- Deleted
- - skin of knee comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of knee editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of leg
- Deleted
- - skin of leg comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of leg editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cochlear nuclear complex
- Deleted
- - cochlear nuclear complex comment Location notes: WP says “The CN is located at the dorso-lateral side of the brainstem, spanning the junction of the pons and medulla.”. MA places this in pons, other sources the medulla
- Added
- + cochlear nuclear complex location notes WP says ‘The CN is located at the dorso-lateral side of the brainstem, spanning the junction of the pons and medulla.’. MA places this in pons, other sources the medulla
Changes for: endochondral bone tissue
- Deleted
- - endochondral bone tissue comment The text and logical definition of this term was modified from the definition of ‘endochondral bone’ in ZFA. AO notes: note the distinction between endochondral bone and endochondral bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type
- Added
- + endochondral bone tissue external ontology notes the distinction between endochondral bone and endochondral bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type { external ontology=MA }
Changes for: intramembranous bone tissue
- Deleted
- - intramembranous bone tissue comment note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type (it is under bone tissue and connective tissue; there are no child classes)
- Added
- + intramembranous bone tissue external ontology notes note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type (it is under bone tissue and connective tissue; there are no child classes) { external ontology=MA }
Changes for: masticatory muscle
- Deleted
- - masticatory muscle curator notes we use this specifically for a jaw muscle that is innervates by the mandibular nerve. Development notes: Masticatory muscles (MM) originate from the somitomeres. These muscles develop late and are not complete even at birth. Tongue muscles develop before masticatory muscles and complete by birth [http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology]
- Added
- + masticatory muscle curator notes we use this specifically for a jaw muscle that is innervates by the mandibular nerve.
- + masticatory muscle development notes originate from the somitomeres. These muscles develop late and are not complete even at birth. Tongue muscles develop before masticatory muscles and complete by birth { source=http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology }
Changes for: pronephric glomerulus
- Deleted
- - pronephric glomerulus comment a glomus differs from a glomerulus in that each vascular glomus services several tubules. ISBN10:0073040584 “Vertebrates, Kardong”. AO notes: GO treats glomus and pronephric glomerulus differently
- Added
- + pronephric glomerulus comment AO notes: GO treats glomus and pronephric glomerulus differently
- + pronephric glomerulus curator notes a glomus differs from a glomerulus in that each vascular glomus services several tubules { source=ISBN10:0073040584 }
Changes for: archenteron
- Deleted
- - archenteron definition The cavity of a gastrula forming a primitive gut[BTO]. The primitive gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing blastula. It develops into the digestive tract of an animal. As primary mesenchyme cells detach from the vegetal pole in the blastula and enter the fluid filled cavity in the center (the blastocoel), the remaining cells at the vegetal pole flatten to form a vegetal plate. This buckles inwards towards the blastocoel in a process called invagination. The cells continue to be rearranged until the shallow dip formed by invagination transforms into a deeper, narrower pouch formed by the gastrula’s endoderm. This narrowing and lengthening of the archenteron is driven by convergent extension. The open end of the archenteron is called the blastopore. The filopodia–thin fibers formed by the mesenchyme cells–found in a late gastrula contract to drag the tip of the archenteron across the blastocoel. The endoderm of the archenteron will fuse with the ectoderm of the blastocoel wall. At this point gastrulation is complete, and the gastrula has a functional digestive tube. The indentation that is actually formed is called the lip of the blastopore in amphibians and fish, and the primitive streak in birds and mammals. Each is controlled by the dorsal blastopore, and primitive node (also known as Hensen’s node), respectively. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archenteron }
- Added
- + archenteron definition The cavity of a gastrula forming a primitive gut. { database cross reference=BTO:0001696 }
- + archenteron development notes The primitive gut that forms during gastrulation in the developing blastula. It develops into the digestive tract of an animal. As primary mesenchyme cells detach from the vegetal pole in the blastula and enter the fluid filled cavity in the center (the blastocoel), the remaining cells at the vegetal pole flatten to form a vegetal plate. This buckles inwards towards the blastocoel in a process called invagination. The cells continue to be rearranged until the shallow dip formed by invagination transforms into a deeper, narrower pouch formed by the gastrula’s endoderm. This narrowing and lengthening of the archenteron is driven by convergent extension. The open end of the archenteron is called the blastopore. The filopodia–thin fibers formed by the mesenchyme cells–found in a late gastrula contract to drag the tip of the archenteron across the blastocoel. The endoderm of the archenteron will fuse with the ectoderm of the blastocoel wall. At this point gastrulation is complete, and the gastrula has a functional digestive tube. The indentation that is actually formed is called the lip of the blastopore in amphibians and fish, and the primitive streak in birds and mammals. Each is controlled by the dorsal blastopore, and primitive node (also known as Hensen’s node), respectively { source=WP }
Changes for: coracoid bone
- Deleted
- - coracoid bone editor note check developmental relationships. Taxon notes: In Theria, coracoid bones non-existent or fused with the shoulder blades to form coracoid processes[WP]. Procoracoid+coracoid are homologuous with coracoid of teleostomi. The coracoid is a triangular shaped-bone that usually has an anteriorly directed long process that may joins its counterpart in some fish groups. It may be perforated by the coracoid foramen or it may be notched dorsally and forms the scapulo-coracoid foramen together with a similar notch of the ventral margin of the scapula[VSAO]
- Added
- + coracoid bone editor note check developmental relationships.
- + coracoid bone taxon notes In Theria, coracoid bones non-existent or fused with the shoulder blades to form coracoid processes[WP]. Procoracoid+coracoid are homologuous with coracoid of teleostomi. The coracoid is a triangular shaped-bone that usually has an anteriorly directed long process that may joins its counterpart in some fish groups. It may be perforated by the coracoid foramen or it may be notched dorsally and forms the scapulo-coracoid foramen together with a similar notch of the ventral margin of the scapula { source=VSAO , source=WP }
Changes for: liver stroma
- Deleted
- - liver stroma SubClassOf abdomen connective tissue
Changes for: cleithrum
- Deleted
- - cleithrum taxon notes Found in some early members of Chelonia (e.g. Triassochelys), but missing in all later forms.[VSAO]
- Added
- + cleithrum taxon notes Found in some early members of Chelonia (e.g. Triassochelys), but missing in all later forms. { source=VSAO }
Changes for: fused sacrum
- Deleted
- - sacrum SubClassOf mesoderm-derived structure
- - sacrum SubClassOf part of some postcranial axial skeleton
- - sacrum SubClassOf part of some sacral region
- - sacrum SubClassOf part of some vertebral column
- - sacrum database cross reference AAO:0000552
- - sacrum definition The sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). In children, it consists of usually five unfused vertebrae which begin to fuse between ages 16-18 and are usually completely fused into a single bone by age 26. It is curved upon itself and placed obliquely (that is, tilted forward). It is kyphotic — that is, concave facing forwards. The base projects forward as the sacral promontory internally, and articulates with the last lumbar vertebra to form the prominent sacrovertebral angle. The central part is curved outward towards the posterior, allowing greater room for the pelvic cavity. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrum }
- - sacrum external definition Enlarged vertebra with transverse processes (diapophyses), and ocassionally ribs, that are modified and elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle.[AAO] { date retrieved=2012-06-20 , external class=AAO:0000552 , ontology=AAO , source=AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 }
- - sacrum has exact synonym os sacrum [vertebrae sacrales i - v] { database cross reference=FMA:16202 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
- - sacrum has exact synonym sacrum [sacral vertebrae i - v] { database cross reference=FMA:16202 }
- - sacrum has related synonym os sacrum { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrum }
- - sacrum label sacrum
- Added
- + fused sacrum EquivalentTo sacral region of vertebral column and part of some bony pelvis and has fused element some sacral vertebra
- + fused sacrum SubClassOf bone of dorsum
- + fused sacrum SubClassOf sacral region of vertebral column
- + fused sacrum definition A collection of sacral vertebrae in the sacral region that are fused and part of the bony pelvis. { database cross reference=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 }
- + fused sacrum external ontology notes the AAO class ‘sacrum’ is deliberately placed under ‘sacral vertebra’ rather than here { external ontology=AAO }
- + fused sacrum has exact synonym os sacrum [vertebrae sacrales I - V] { database cross reference=FMA:16202 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
- + fused sacrum has exact synonym sacrum [sacral vertebrae I - V] { database cross reference=FMA:16202 }
- + fused sacrum has exact synonym sacrum { database cross reference=FMA:16202 , has synonym type=preferred term when talking about an instance of this class in Homo sapiens }
- + fused sacrum label fused sacrum
Changes for: supraoccipital bone
- Deleted
- - supraoccipital bone comment Taxon notes (via VHOG): See Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, Fourth Edition (2006) McGraw-Hill, p.237 Table 7.1; usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young [PMID:10742104]
- Added
- + supraoccipital bone taxon notes See Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, Fourth Edition (2006) McGraw-Hill, p.237 Table 7.1; usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10742104 }
Changes for: cerebellar vermis
- Added
- + cerebellar vermis taxon notes In bony fish, or teleosts, it has been proposed that the cerebellar auricles, which receive a large amount of input from the vestibulolateral line system, constitute the vestibulocerebellum and are homologues of the flocculonodular lobe of higher vertebrates along with the corpus cerebelli, which receives spinocerebellar and tectocerebellar fibers. The labyrinth and the lateral line organs of lampreys have structural and functional similarity. An important difference between the two structures is that the arrangement of the lateral line organs are such that they are sensitive to relative motion of the fluid surrounding the animal, whereas the labyrinths, having very similar sensing mechanisms, are sensitive to endolymph, providing information concerning the animal’s own equilibrium of the body and orientation in space { source=WP }
Changes for: piriform cortex
- Deleted
- - piriform cortex definition In anatomy of animals, the piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex is a region in the brain. The piriform cortex is part of the rhinencephalon situated in the telencephalon. The function of the piriform cortex relates to olfaction, which is the perception of smells. Sometimes called the olfactory cortex, olfactory lobe or paleopallium, piriform cortical regions are present in the brains of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The piriform cortex is among three areas that emerge in the telencephalon of amphibians, situated caudally to a dorsal area, which is caudal to a hippocampal area. Farther along the phylogenic timeline, the telencephalic bulb of reptiles as viewed in a cross section of the transverse plane extends with the archipallial hippocampus folding toward the midline and down as the dorsal area begins to form a recognizable cortex. As mammalian cerebrums developed, volume of the dorsal cortex increased in slightly greater proportion, as compared proportionally with increased overall brain volume, until it enveloped the hippocampal regions. Recognized as neopallium or neocortex, enlarged dorsal areas envelop the paleopallial piriform cortex in humans and Old World monkeys. Among taxonomic groupings of mammals, the piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb become proportionally smaller in the brains of phylogenically younger species. The piriform cortex occupies a greater proportion of the overall brain and of the telencephalic brains of insectivores than in primates. The piriform cortex continues to occupy a consistent albeit small and declining proportion of the increasingly large telencephalon in the most recent primate species while the volume of the olfactory bulb becomes less in proportion. It is Brodmann area 27. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piriform_cortex }
- Added
- + piriform cortex definition A part of the rhinencephalon situated in the telencephalon, the function of which relates to olfaction. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piriform_cortex }
- + piriform cortex taxon notes Piriform cortical regions are present in the brains of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The piriform cortex is among three areas that emerge in the telencephalon of amphibians, situated caudally to a dorsal area, which is caudal to a hippocampal area. Farther along the phylogenic timeline, the telencephalic bulb of reptiles as viewed in a cross section of the transverse plane extends with the archipallial hippocampus folding toward the midline and down as the dorsal area begins to form a recognizable cortex. As mammalian cerebrums developed, volume of the dorsal cortex increased in slightly greater proportion, as compared proportionally with increased overall brain volume, until it enveloped the hippocampal regions. Recognized as neopallium or neocortex, enlarged dorsal areas envelop the paleopallial piriform cortex in humans and Old World monkeys. Among taxonomic groupings of mammals, the piriform cortex and the olfactory bulb become proportionally smaller in the brains of phylogenically younger species. The piriform cortex occupies a greater proportion of the overall brain and of the telencephalic brains of insectivores than in primates. The piriform cortex continues to occupy a consistent albeit small and declining proportion of the increasingly large telencephalon in the most recent primate species while the volume of the olfactory bulb becomes less in proportion { source=WP }
Changes for: cervix glandular epithelium
- Deleted
- - cervix glandular epithelium comment Histology notes: The ‘glandular’ or columnar epithelium of the cervix is located cephalad to the squamocolumnar junction. It covers a variable amount of the ectocervix and lines the endocervical canal. It is comprised of a single layer of mucin-secreting cells. The epithelium is thrown into longitudinal folds and invaginations that make up the so-called endocervical glands (they are not true glands). These infolding crypts and channels make the cytologic and colposcopic detection of neoplasia less reliable and more problematic. The complex architecture of the endocervical glands gives the columnar epithelium a papillary appearance through the colposcope and a grainy appearance upon gross visual inspection. The single cell layer allows the coloration of the underlying vasculature to be seen more easily. Therefore, the columnar epithelium appears more red in comparison with the more opaque squamous epithelium.[http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx]
- Added
- + cervix glandular epithelium structure notes The ‘glandular’ or columnar epithelium of the cervix is located cephalad to the squamocolumnar junction. It covers a variable amount of the ectocervix and lines the endocervical canal. It is comprised of a single layer of mucin-secreting cells. The epithelium is thrown into longitudinal folds and invaginations that make up the so-called endocervical glands (they are not true glands). These infolding crypts and channels make the cytologic and colposcopic detection of neoplasia less reliable and more problematic. The complex architecture of the endocervical glands gives the columnar epithelium a papillary appearance through the colposcope and a grainy appearance upon gross visual inspection. The single cell layer allows the coloration of the underlying vasculature to be seen more easily. Therefore, the columnar epithelium appears more red in comparison with the more opaque squamous epithelium. { source=http://www.asccp.org/practicemanagement/cervix/histologyofthenormalcervix/tabid/5842/default.aspx }
Changes for: digestive syncytial vacuole
- Deleted
- - digestive syncytial vacuole taxon notes in Aceola, Digestion is accomplished by means of a syncytium that forms a vacuole around ingested food. There are no epithelial cells lining the digestive vacuole, although there is sometimes a short pharynx leading from the mouth to the vacuole[WP]
- Added
- + digestive syncytial vacuole taxon notes in Aceola, Digestion is accomplished by means of a syncytium that forms a vacuole around ingested food. There are no epithelial cells lining the digestive vacuole, although there is sometimes a short pharynx leading from the mouth to the vacuole { source=WP }
Changes for: paired limb/fin
- Deleted
- - paired limb/fin comment this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin.
- Added
- + paired limb/fin SubClassOf has part some musculature
- + paired limb/fin SubClassOf has part some vasculature
- + paired limb/fin SubClassOf has part some zone of skin
- + paired limb/fin curator notes this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin.
Changes for: secondary olfactory cortex
- Deleted
- - secondary olfactory cortex comment AO notes: FMA considers this a syn of entorhinal cortex. See also brodman definition
- Added
- + secondary olfactory cortex external ontology notes FMA considers this a syn of entorhinal cortex. See also brodman definition { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: olfactory cortex
- Deleted
- - olfactory cortex comment Editor note - consider relationship: receives_input_from UBERON:0002264 { source=GO }
- Added
- + olfactory cortex editor note consider relationship: receives_input_from UBERON:0002264 olfactory bulb
Changes for: popliteus muscle
- Deleted
- - popliteus muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + popliteus muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: deep brachial artery
- Deleted
- - deep brachial artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + deep brachial artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: brachial artery
- Deleted
- - brachial artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + brachial artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: subscapular artery
- Deleted
- - subscapular artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + subscapular artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lateral thoracic artery
- Deleted
- - lateral thoracic artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral thoracic artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: thoraco-acromial artery
- Deleted
- - thoraco-acromial artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + thoraco-acromial artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: semimembranosus muscle
- Deleted
- - semimembranosus muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + semimembranosus muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: gastrocnemius
- Deleted
- - gastrocnemius definition A muscle of the shank. In mammals it has two heads[Kardong]. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing, walking, running and jumping. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle. [WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle , database cross reference=ISBN10:0073040584 }
- Added
- + gastrocnemius comment Function notes: involved in standing, walking, running and jumping. Taxon notes: In mammals this muscle has two heads[ISBN10:0073040584]
- + gastrocnemius definition The most superficial muscle of the triceps surae group, in the posterior portion of the lower hindleg. { database cross reference=ISBN10:0073040584 , database cross reference=MP:0013188 , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
Changes for: fibularis longus
- Deleted
- - fibularis longus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + fibularis longus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: frontal lobe
- Deleted
- - frontal lobe editor note Many species don’t have lobes but they do have frontal cortex. Lobe isn’t a really well defined term though [MM]
- Added
- + frontal lobe editor note Many species don’t have lobes but they do have frontal cortex. Lobe isn’t a really well defined term though { source=MM }
Changes for: soleus muscle
- Deleted
- - soleus muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - soleus muscle definition a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle and some anatomists consider them to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. Its name is derived from the solefish whose shape it resembles. The soleus is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. Not all mammals have a soleus muscle; one familiar species that lacks the soleus is the dog. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleus_muscle }
- Added
- + soleus muscle definition A deep muscle of the triceps surae group, in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleus_muscle , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + soleus muscle function notes responsible for plantar flexion of the foot { source=MP:0003081 }
Changes for: primary motor cortex
- Deleted
- - primary motor cortex editor note TODO - in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 {source=’MA-modified’} ! parietal lobe
- Added
- + primary motor cortex editor note TODO - in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 parietal lobe
Changes for: tibialis anterior
- Deleted
- - tibialis anterior comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + tibialis anterior editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: perineal artery
- Deleted
- - perineal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + perineal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior epigastric artery
- Deleted
- - inferior epigastric artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior epigastric artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: deep femoral artery
- Deleted
- - deep femoral artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + deep femoral artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: medial circumflex femoral artery
- Deleted
- - medial circumflex femoral artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medial circumflex femoral artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior rectal artery
- Deleted
- - inferior rectal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior rectal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: coccyx
- Deleted
- - coccyx SubClassOf has fused element some coccygeal vertebra
- - coccyx SubClassOf part of some vertebral column
- - coccyx comment .
- - coccyx definition A collection of caudal vertebrae in the coccygeal region - may be fused[cjm]. { database cross reference=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 }
- - coccyx external ontology notes In MA the subclass hierarchy is cocc V is_a caud V is_a tail bone. Taxon notes: In humans: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column. Comprising three to five separate or fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae) below the sacrum, it is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx. The term coccyx comes originally from the Greek language and means ‘cuckoo’, referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo’s beak when viewed from the side. [WP,unvetted] { external ontology=MA }
- - coccyx has exact synonym coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae i-iv] { database cross reference=FMA:20229 }
- - coccyx has exact synonym coccyx [vertebrae coccygeae i-iv] { database cross reference=FMA:20229 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
- Added
- + coccyx EquivalentTo caudal region of vertebral column and part of some bony pelvis and has fused element some caudal vertebra
- + coccyx SubClassOf has fused element some caudal vertebra
- + coccyx definition A collection of caudal vertebrae in the coccygeal region that are fused and part of the bony pelvis. { database cross reference=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 }
- + coccyx has exact synonym coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae I-IV] { database cross reference=FMA:20229 }
- + coccyx has exact synonym coccyx [vertebrae coccygeae I-IV] { database cross reference=FMA:20229 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
- + coccyx has exact synonym fused caudal vertebrae { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + coccyx has exact synonym fused caudal vertebral column { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + coccyx taxon notes In humans: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column. Comprising three to five separate or fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae) below the sacrum, it is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx. { source=WP,unvetted }
Changes for: lacrimal sac
- Deleted
- - lacrimal sac comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lacrimal sac editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: external acoustic meatus
- Deleted
- - external acoustic meatus external ontology notes subdivision of head in FMA. Editor note: consider revisiting superclass after refinement of CARO/EAO, conduit may not be quite correct. Development notes: tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane[PMID 11237469] { external ontology=FMA }
- Added
- + external acoustic meatus development notes tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane[PMID 11237469]
- + external acoustic meatus editor note consider revisiting superclass after refinement of CARO/EAO, conduit may not be quite correct.
- + external acoustic meatus external ontology notes subdivision of head in FMA. { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: brown adipose tissue
- Deleted
- - brown adipose tissue external definition Adipose tissue, cells of which contain multiple small lipid droplets.[FMA] { source=FMA:FMA }
- Added
- + brown adipose tissue external definition Adipose tissue, cells of which contain multiple small lipid droplets.[FMA] { source=FMA }
Changes for: white adipose tissue
- Deleted
- - white adipose tissue external definition Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet.[FMA[FMA:FMA] { source=FMA:FMA }
- Added
- + white adipose tissue external definition Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet. { source=FMA }
Changes for: obsolete fornix
- Deleted
- - obsolete fornix comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + obsolete fornix editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: epithelium of vagina
- Deleted
- - epithelium of vagina comment AO notes: FMA: nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; BTO: Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns; MA has single subclass (squamous)
- Added
- + epithelium of vagina external ontology notes FMA: nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; BTO: Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns; MA has single subclass (squamous) { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: semitendinosus
- Deleted
- - semitendinosus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + semitendinosus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: gluteus maximus
- Deleted
- - gluteus maximus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + gluteus maximus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: gluteus medius
- Deleted
- - gluteus medius comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + gluteus medius editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: nigrostriatal tract
- Added
- + nigrostriatal tract editor note todo - connect this to dopamine related terms
Changes for: iliacus muscle
- Deleted
- - iliacus muscle comment AAO has iliacus major and minor, both of which attach to ilium and femur - consider grouping these somehow
- Added
- + iliacus muscle external ontology notes AAO has iliacus major and minor, both of which attach to ilium and femur - consider grouping these somehow { external ontology=AAO }
Changes for: great saphenous vein
- Deleted
- - great saphenous vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + great saphenous vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: femoral vein
- Deleted
- - femoral vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + femoral vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: perineal vein
- Deleted
- - perineal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + perineal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: external anal sphincter
- Deleted
- - external anal sphincter comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: deep circumflex iliac vein
- Deleted
- - deep circumflex iliac vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + deep circumflex iliac vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior vesical vein
- Deleted
- - inferior vesical vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior vesical vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vaginal vein
- Deleted
- - vaginal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vaginal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: obturator artery
- Deleted
- - obturator artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + obturator artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: superior gluteal artery
- Deleted
- - superior gluteal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superior gluteal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: external iliac vein
- Deleted
- - external iliac vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + external iliac vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: internal iliac vein
- Deleted
- - internal iliac vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + internal iliac vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior vesical artery
- Deleted
- - inferior vesical artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior vesical artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: iliolumbar artery
- Deleted
- - iliolumbar artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + iliolumbar artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: superior vesical artery
- Deleted
- - superior vesical artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superior vesical artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: internal iliac artery
- Deleted
- - internal iliac artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + internal iliac artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: capsule of ovary
- Deleted
- - capsule of ovary comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + capsule of ovary editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: external iliac artery
- Deleted
- - external iliac artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + external iliac artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ovarian follicle
- Deleted
- - ovarian follicle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ovarian follicle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cumulus oophorus
- Deleted
- - cumulus oophorus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cumulus oophorus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: left uterine tube
- Deleted
- - left uterine tube comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + left uterine tube editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: right uterine tube
- Deleted
- - right uterine tube comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + right uterine tube editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: epididymis
- Deleted
- - epididymis comment Structures notes: Typically divided into three main regions. In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis, which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and mammals. The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells.
- - epididymis taxon notes A similar, but probably non-homologous, structure is found in cartilaginous fishes[WP]
- Added
- + epididymis structure notes Typically divided into three main regions. In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis, which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and mammals. The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells.
- + epididymis taxon notes A similar, but probably non-homologous, structure is found in cartilaginous fishes { source=WP }
Changes for: scrotum
- Deleted
- - scrotum definition In some male mammals the scrotum (also referred to as the cod) is a protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles. It is an extension of the abdomen, and is located between the penis and anus. In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with pubic hair at puberty. In common speech, the scrotum is often improperly referred to as the testicles, which actually refer to organs encased inside the scrotum. The scrotum is homologous to the labia majora in females. It becomes tight when sexually aroused. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotum }
- Added
- + scrotum definition A protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles found in some male mammals. It is an extension of the abdomen, and is located between the penis and anus. In humans and some other mammals, the base of the scrotum becomes covered with pubic hair at puberty [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrotum }
Changes for: spongiose part of urethra
- Deleted
- - spongiose part of urethra comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + spongiose part of urethra editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lumbar vertebra endochondral element
- Deleted
- Added
Changes for: superior prenasal cartilage
- Deleted
- Added
- + superior prenasal cartilage SubClassOf nasal cartilage
Changes for: skin of penis
- Deleted
- - skin of penis comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of penis editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: pampiniform plexus
- Deleted
- - pampiniform plexus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pampiniform plexus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: thoracic vertebra endochondral element
- Deleted
- - thoracic vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf endochondral element
- - thoracic vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf mesoderm-derived structure
- - thoracic vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf part of some thoracic segment of trunk
- - thoracic vertebra endochondral element definition A thoracic vertebra bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. { database cross reference=UBERON:endochondral }
- Added
- + thoracic vertebra endochondral element EquivalentTo vertebra endochondral element and part of some thoracic region of vertebral column
- + thoracic vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf vertebra endochondral element
- + thoracic vertebra endochondral element definition A vertebral endochondral element in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
Changes for: cervical vertebra endochondral element
- Deleted
- - cervical vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf endochondral element
- - cervical vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf mesoderm-derived structure
- - cervical vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf part of some neck
- - cervical vertebra endochondral element definition A cervical vertebra bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. { database cross reference=UBERON:endochondral }
- Added
- + cervical vertebra endochondral element EquivalentTo vertebra endochondral element and part of some cervical region of vertebral column
- + cervical vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf vertebra endochondral element
- + cervical vertebra endochondral element definition A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
Changes for: prostatic urethra
- Deleted
- - prostatic urethra comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + prostatic urethra editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: coccygeus muscle
- Deleted
- - coccygeus muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + coccygeus muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lobe of prostate
- Deleted
- - lobe of prostate SubClassOf organ part
- - lobe of prostate comment Anatomically, the human prostate gland is located between the base of the bladder and the rectum, and it completely surrounds the proximal urethra (Fig. 1A). It is a single alobular structure with central (CZ), peripheral (PZ) and transitional (TZ) zones. In contrast, the mouse prostate is not merged into one compact anatomical structure. It comprises four paired lobes situated circumferentially around the urethra, immediately caudal to the urinary bladder—namely, anterior (AP), dorsal (DP), lateral (LP), and ventral (VP) prostate (Fig. 1B). Often, the dorsal and the lateral lobes are thought of in combination and referred to as the dorsolateral (DLP) lobe as they share a ductal system. The mouse AP is considered analogous to the human CZ, which is rarely a site of neoplastic transformation in humans. The mouse DLP is considered most similar to the human PZ, which is the zone in which most carcinomas arise (Xue et al. 1997). These analogies, however, are limited as they are based solely on descriptive data and need to be re-evaluated using molecular techniques before the relationship between specific mouse prostate lobes and the human prostate zones is definitively asserted (Abate-Shen & Shen 2000). The mouse VP does not have a human homologue, and the human TZ does not have a murine homologue [PMID:15163300]
- Added
- + lobe of prostate EquivalentTo anatomical lobe and part of some prostate gland
- + lobe of prostate SubClassOf anatomical lobe
- + lobe of prostate definition A portion of a prostate that forms a lobe.
- + lobe of prostate taxon notes Anatomically, the human prostate gland is located between the base of the bladder and the rectum, and it completely surrounds the proximal urethra (Fig. 1A). It is a single alobular structure with central (CZ), peripheral (PZ) and transitional (TZ) zones. In contrast, the mouse prostate is not merged into one compact anatomical structure. It comprises four paired lobes situated circumferentially around the urethra, immediately caudal to the urinary bladder—namely, anterior (AP), dorsal (DP), lateral (LP), and ventral (VP) prostate (Fig. 1B). Often, the dorsal and the lateral lobes are thought of in combination and referred to as the dorsolateral (DLP) lobe as they share a ductal system. The mouse AP is considered analogous to the human CZ, which is rarely a site of neoplastic transformation in humans. The mouse DLP is considered most similar to the human PZ, which is the zone in which most carcinomas arise (Xue et al. 1997). These analogies, however, are limited as they are based solely on descriptive data and need to be re-evaluated using molecular techniques before the relationship between specific mouse prostate lobes and the human prostate zones is definitively asserted (Abate-Shen & Shen 2000). The mouse VP does not have a human homologue, and the human TZ does not have a murine homologue { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163300 }
Changes for: prostate gland anterior lobe
- Deleted
- - prostate gland anterior lobe comment comment: editor note: TODO - check - see comments from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163300
- Added
- + prostate gland anterior lobe editor note TODO - check - see comments from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163300
Changes for: sacral vertebra endochondral element
- Deleted
- - sacral vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf endochondral element
- - sacral vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf mesoderm-derived structure
- - sacral vertebra endochondral element definition A sacral vertebra bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. { database cross reference=UBERON:endochondral }
- Added
- + sacral vertebra endochondral element EquivalentTo vertebra endochondral element and part of some sacral region of vertebral column
- + sacral vertebra endochondral element SubClassOf vertebra endochondral element
- + sacral vertebra endochondral element definition A vertebra endochondral element that is part of the sacral region of the vertebral column. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
Changes for: iliolumbar vein
- Deleted
- - iliolumbar vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + iliolumbar vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: tibial nerve
- Deleted
- - tibial nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + tibial nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: rib endochondral element
- Added
- + rib endochondral element taxon notes Humans have 24 ribs (12 pairs). The first seven sets of ribs, known as ‘true ribs’, are directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The following five sets are known as ‘false ribs’, three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs (costae fluitantes) or vertebral ribs. They are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs of floating ribs, while others have a third pair. Rib removal is the surgical excision of ribs for therapeutic or cosmetic reasons. In fish, there are often two sets of ribs attached to the vertebral column. One set, the dorsal ribs, are found in the dividing septum between the upper and lower parts of the main muscle segments, projecting roughly sideways from the vertebral column. The second set, of ventral ribs arise from the vertebral column just below the dorsal ribs, and enclose the lower body, often joining at the tips. Not all species possess both types of rib, with the dorsal ribs being most commonly absent. Sharks, for example, have no dorsal ribs, and only very short ventral ribs, while lampreys have no ribs at all. In some teleosts, there may be additional rib-like bones within the muscle mass. Tetrapods, however, only ever have a single set of ribs which are probably homologous with the dorsal ribs of fishes. In the early tetrapods, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the thoracic vertebrae are typically the longest. The sacral ribs were stout and short, since they formed part of the pelvis, connecting the backbone to the hip bones.[1] In most subsequent forms, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living amphibians and reptiles, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example, turtles have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilagenous carapace and plastron, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk. Frogs typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis.[1]. In birds, ribs are present as distinct bones only on the thoracic region, although small fused ribs are present on the cervical vertebrae. The thoracic ribs of birds possess a wide projection to the rear; this uncinate process is an attachment for the shoulder muscles.[1]. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in monotremes. In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles, caudal ribs are never found in mammals.
Changes for: obturator vein
- Deleted
- - obturator vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + obturator vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
- Deleted
- - dorsolateral prefrontal cortex comment check dorsolateral prefrontal neocortex
- Added
- + dorsolateral prefrontal cortex editor note check dorsolateral prefrontal neocortex
Changes for: semispinalis thoracis
- Deleted
- - semispinalis thoracis comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + semispinalis thoracis editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ulnar artery
- Deleted
- - ulnar artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ulnar artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: semispinalis capitis
- Deleted
- - semispinalis capitis comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + semispinalis capitis editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: semispinalis cervicis
- Deleted
- - semispinalis cervicis comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + semispinalis cervicis editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: spinalis thoracis muscle
- Deleted
- - spinalis thoracis muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + spinalis thoracis muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: radial artery
- Deleted
- - radial artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + radial artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: basilic vein
- Deleted
- - basilic vein SubClassOf arm blood vessel
- - basilic vein SubClassOf part of some arm
- - basilic vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- - basilic vein definition In human anatomy, the basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of manus and forearm. It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the manus, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilic_vein }
- Added
- + basilic vein SubClassOf drains some forelimb
- + basilic vein SubClassOf forelimb blood vessel
- + basilic vein SubClassOf part of some forelimb
- + basilic vein definition A superficial vein of the upper limb that drain parts of manus and forearm. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilic_vein }
- + basilic vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- + basilic vein taxon notes It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the manus, and it travels up the base of the forearm and arm. Most of its course is superficial; it generally travels in the subcutaneous fat and other fasciae that lie superficial to the muscles of the upper extremity. Because of this, it is usually visible through the skin. Near the region anterior to the cubital fossa, in the bend of the elbow joint, the basilic vein usually connects with the other large superficial vein of the upper extremity, the cephalic vein, via the median cubital vein. The layout of superficial veins in the forearm is highly variable from person to person, and there are generally a variety of other unnamed superficial veins that the basilic vein communicates with. About halfway up the arm proper (the part between the shoulder and elbow), the basilic vein goes deep, travelling under the muscles. There, around the lower border of the teres major muscle, the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral veins feed into it, just before it joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein. Along with other superficial veins in the forearm, the basilic vein is a possible site for venipuncture. { source=WP,unvetted }
Changes for: common palmar digital artery
- Deleted
- - common palmar digital artery comment the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery
- Added
- + common palmar digital artery external ontology notes the MA term, even though plural, represents the singular, as it is an isa child of artery { external ontology=MA }
Changes for: urogenital sinus mesenchyme
- Deleted
- - urogenital sinus mesenchyme comment Androgen receptor (AR) activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth
- Added
- + urogenital sinus mesenchyme development notes Androgen receptor (AR) activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth
Changes for: skin of limb
- Deleted
- - skin of limb comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of limb editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of thorax
- Deleted
- - skin of thorax comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of thorax editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of neck
- Deleted
- - skin of neck comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of neck editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of abdomen
- Deleted
- - skin of abdomen comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of abdomen editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin of pelvis
- Deleted
- - skin of pelvis comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + skin of pelvis editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: median cubital vein
- Deleted
- - median cubital vein SubClassOf arm blood vessel
- - median cubital vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + median cubital vein SubClassOf forelimb blood vessel
- + median cubital vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: brachial vein
- Deleted
- - brachial vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + brachial vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: tarsal skeleton
- Deleted
- - tarsal skeleton taxon notes Not always associated with digits, in sarcopterygians the ulnare is present without true digits being formed, though their homologous radial elements are present[PHENOSCAPE:ad]
- Added
- + tarsal skeleton taxon notes Not always associated with digits, in sarcopterygians the ulnare is present without true digits being formed, though their homologous radial elements are present { source=PHENOSCAPE:ad }
Changes for: proximal carpal cartilage
- Deleted
- - proximal carpal cartilage SubClassOf autopod cartilage
- Added
Changes for: proximal carpal endochondral element
- Deleted
- Added
- + proximal carpal endochondral element EquivalentTo proximal mesopodial endochondral element and part of some forelimb
- + proximal carpal endochondral element SubClassOf part of some forelimb
- + proximal carpal endochondral element SubClassOf proximal mesopodial endochondral element
Changes for: distal carpal endochondral element
- Added
- + distal carpal endochondral element EquivalentTo distal mesopodial endochondral element and part of some forelimb
- + distal carpal endochondral element SubClassOf distal mesopodial endochondral element
- + distal carpal endochondral element SubClassOf part of some forelimb
Changes for: distal carpal cartilage element
- Deleted
- - distal carpal cartilage SubClassOf autopod cartilage
- - distal carpal cartilage label distal carpal cartilage
- Added
- + distal carpal cartilage element SubClassOf distal mesopodial cartilage element
- + distal carpal cartilage element label distal carpal cartilage element
Changes for: distal tarsal endochondral element
- Deleted
- - distal tarsal bone endochondral element label distal tarsal bone endochondral element
- Added
- + distal tarsal endochondral element EquivalentTo distal mesopodial endochondral element and part of some hindlimb
- + distal tarsal endochondral element SubClassOf distal mesopodial endochondral element
- + distal tarsal endochondral element SubClassOf part of some hindlimb
- + distal tarsal endochondral element label distal tarsal endochondral element
Changes for: proximal tarsal cartilage
- Deleted
- - proximal tarsal cartilage SubClassOf autopod cartilage
- Added
Changes for: secondary heart field
- Deleted
- - secondary heart field taxon notes In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11–14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested [PMID:17276708]
- Added
- + secondary heart field taxon notes In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11–14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17276708 }
Changes for: proximal tarsal endochondral element
- Deleted
- - proximal tarsal bone endochondral element label proximal tarsal bone endochondral element
- Added
- + proximal tarsal endochondral element EquivalentTo proximal mesopodial endochondral element and part of some hindlimb
- + proximal tarsal endochondral element SubClassOf part of some hindlimb
- + proximal tarsal endochondral element SubClassOf proximal mesopodial endochondral element
- + proximal tarsal endochondral element label proximal tarsal endochondral element
Changes for: interlobar vein
- Deleted
- - interlobar vein comment AO notes: FMA only has the set term
- Added
- + interlobar vein external ontology notes FMA only has the set term { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: proximal tarsal bone pre-cartilage condensation
- Deleted
- - proximal tarsal bone pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf part of some tarsal skeleton
Changes for: ciliary stroma
- Deleted
- - ciliary stroma SubClassOf head connective tissue
Changes for: interlobar artery
- Deleted
- - interlobar artery comment AO notes: FMA only has the set term
- Added
- + interlobar artery external ontology notes FMA only has the set term { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: medullary ray
- Deleted
- - medullary ray comment AO notes: FMA says parenchyma, MP says cortex
- Added
- + medullary ray external ontology notes FMA says parenchyma, MP says cortex { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: carpal skeleton
- Deleted
- - carpal skeleton taxon notes [Evolutionary variations]](Not always associated with digits, in sarcopterygians the ulnare is present without true digits being formed, though their homologous radial elements are present[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. AO notes: we assume MA:carpus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:wrist, with the carpal bone being part of the former. XAO:carpus is part of the forelimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent. Taxon notes: The structure of the carpus varies widely between different groups of tetrapods, even among those that retain the full set of five digits. In primitive fossil amphibians, such as Eryops, the carpus consists of three rows of bones; a proximal row of three carpals, a second row of four bones, and a distal row of five bones. The proximal carpals are referred to as the radiale, intermediale, and ulnare, after their proximal articulations, and are homologous with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetal bones respectively. The remaining bones are simply numbered, as the first to fourth centralia (singular: centrale), and the first to fifth distal carpals. Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal. However, the vast majority of later vertebrates, including modern amphibians, have undergone varying degrees of loss and fusion of these primitive bones, resulting in a smaller number of carpals. Almost all mammals and reptiles, for example, have lost the fifth distal carpal, and have only a single centrale - and even this is missing in humans. The pisiform bone is somewhat unusual, in that it first appears in primitive reptiles, and is never found in amphibians. Because many tetrapods have less than five digits on the forelimb, even greater degrees of fusion are common, and a huge array of different possible combinations are found. The wing of a modern bird, for example, has only two remaining carpals; the radiale (the scaphoid of mammals) and a bone formed from the fusion of four of the distal carpals. In some macropods, the scaphoid and lunar bones are fused into the scaphollunar bone[14] [Wikipedia:Carpus#Evolutionary_variations])
- Added
- + carpal skeleton external ontology notes we assume MA:carpus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:wrist, with the carpal bone being part of the former. XAO:carpus is part of the forelimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent. { external ontology=MA }
- + carpal skeleton taxon notes Not always associated with digits, in sarcopterygians the ulnare is present without true digits being formed, though their homologous radial elements are present[PHENOSCAPE:ad]. { source=Evolutionary variations }
- + carpal skeleton taxon notes The structure of the carpus varies widely between different groups of tetrapods, even among those that retain the full set of five digits. In primitive fossil amphibians, such as Eryops, the carpus consists of three rows of bones; a proximal row of three carpals, a second row of four bones, and a distal row of five bones. The proximal carpals are referred to as the radiale, intermediale, and ulnare, after their proximal articulations, and are homologous with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetal bones respectively. The remaining bones are simply numbered, as the first to fourth centralia (singular: centrale), and the first to fifth distal carpals. Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal. However, the vast majority of later vertebrates, including modern amphibians, have undergone varying degrees of loss and fusion of these primitive bones, resulting in a smaller number of carpals. Almost all mammals and reptiles, for example, have lost the fifth distal carpal, and have only a single centrale - and even this is missing in humans. The pisiform bone is somewhat unusual, in that it first appears in primitive reptiles, and is never found in amphibians. Because many tetrapods have less than five digits on the forelimb, even greater degrees of fusion are common, and a huge array of different possible combinations are found. The wing of a modern bird, for example, has only two remaining carpals; the radiale (the scaphoid of mammals) and a bone formed from the fusion of four of the distal carpals. In some macropods, the scaphoid and lunar bones are fused into the scaphollunar bone
Changes for: centrale (fore)
- Deleted
- - centrale (fore) SubClassOf carpus endochondral element
- Added
- + centrale (fore) SubClassOf carpal bone
Changes for: centrale 1
- Deleted
- - centrale 1 SubClassOf tarsus endochondral element
- Added
- + centrale 1 SubClassOf tarsal bone
Changes for: centrale 2
- Deleted
- - centrale 2 SubClassOf tarsus endochondral element
- Added
- + centrale 2 SubClassOf tarsal bone
Changes for: vein of abdomen
- Deleted
- - vein of abdomen comment This class groups all veins that are in the abdomen. The term ‘abdominal vein’ may have specific meanings in different contexts. The lateral abdominal veins are present in fishes but usually merged or absent in tetrapods; in amphibians, the L&R abdominal veins merge into the ventral abdominal vein. EDITOR NOTE: TODO mirror representation of abdominal aorta
- Added
- + vein of abdomen curator notes this class groups all veins that are in the abdomen. The term ‘abdominal vein’ may have specific meanings in different contexts. The lateral abdominal veins are present in fishes but usually merged or absent in tetrapods; in amphibians, the L&R abdominal veins merge into the ventral abdominal vein
- + vein of abdomen editor note TODO mirror representation of abdominal aorta
Changes for: interdental plate
- Deleted
- - interdental plate taxon notes In paleobiology, the presence or absence of the interdental plate can determine the place of an animal in the evolutionary scale, and paleontologists use the interdental plate when trying to classify a new specimen. Thecodont reptiles and theropod dinosaur fossils have an interdental plate, whereas acrodont reptiles such as Sphenodontia do not.[3] Its presence in Archaeopteryx, an extinct avian, resulted in the proposal of the dinosaur-bird connection[WP]
- Added
- + interdental plate taxon notes In paleobiology, the presence or absence of the interdental plate can determine the place of an animal in the evolutionary scale, and paleontologists use the interdental plate when trying to classify a new specimen. Thecodont reptiles and theropod dinosaur fossils have an interdental plate, whereas acrodont reptiles such as Sphenodontia do not.[3] Its presence in Archaeopteryx, an extinct avian, resulted in the proposal of the dinosaur-bird connection { source=WP }
Changes for: psoas major muscle
- Deleted
- - psoas major muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + psoas major muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inner medulla of kidney
- Deleted
- - inner medulla of kidney taxon notes unique to mammals[GO:0072053]
- Added
- + inner medulla of kidney taxon notes unique to mammals { source=GO:0072053 }
Changes for: distal convoluted tubule
- Deleted
- - distal convoluted tubule comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + distal convoluted tubule editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: junk chamber
- Deleted
- - junk chamber comment May be homologous to melon organ
- Added
- + junk chamber taxon notes May be homologous to melon organ
Changes for: blowhole ligament
- Deleted
- - blowhole ligament comment Likely involved in regulating air movement in perhaps whistle production ISBM10:0120885522
- Added
- + blowhole ligament function notes Likely involved in regulating air movement in perhaps whistle production { source=ISBM10:0120885522 }
Changes for: nephron
- Deleted
- - nephron editor note kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships. Taxon notes: In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992)[GO Kidney]
- Added
- + nephron editor note kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships.
- + nephron taxon notes In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992) { source=GO }
Changes for: hepatic sinusoid
- Deleted
- - hepatic sinusoid comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + hepatic sinusoid editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: liver parenchyma
- Deleted
- - liver parenchyma comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + liver parenchyma editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: bile canaliculus
- Deleted
- - bile canaliculus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + bile canaliculus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: entotympanic bone
- Deleted
- - entotympanic bone SubClassOf zone of bone organ
- - entotympanic bone comment endochondral [doi:10.1023/A:1020538313412]
- Added
- + entotympanic bone SubClassOf endochondral bone
- + entotympanic bone SubClassOf head bone
Changes for: ovarian medulla
- Deleted
- - ovarian medulla comment composed of loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves[NCIT]
- Added
- + ovarian medulla structure notes composed of loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves { source=NCIT }
Changes for: epithelium of large intestine
- Deleted
- - epithelium of large intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + epithelium of large intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ilium
- Deleted
- - ilium external ontology notes this is_a hip bone in MA. Taxon notes: All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium[WP] { external ontology=MA }
- Added
- + ilium external ontology notes this is_a hip bone in MA. { external ontology=MA }
- + ilium taxon notes All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium { source=WP }
Changes for: innominate bone
- Deleted
- - innominate bone external ontology notes in FMA this is a paired structure. NCITA has ‘pelvic bone’ but this is the superclass of ilium/ischium/pubis. The MA class ‘pelvis bone’ is actually a superclass of ‘pelvic girdle bone’ and caudal/sacral vertebra. Taxon notes: The hip/pelvic bone/basipterygium first appears in fishes, where it consists of a simple, usually triangular bone, to which the pelvic fin articulates. The hip bones on each side usually connect with each other at the forward end, and are even solidly fused in lungfishes and sharks, but they never attach to the vertebral column[WP] { external ontology=FMA }
- Added
- + innominate bone external ontology notes in FMA this is a paired structure. NCITA has ‘pelvic bone’ but this is the superclass of ilium/ischium/pubis. The MA class ‘pelvis bone’ is actually a superclass of ‘pelvic girdle bone’ and caudal/sacral vertebra. { external ontology=FMA }
- + innominate bone taxon notes The hip/pelvic bone/basipterygium first appears in fishes, where it consists of a simple, usually triangular bone, to which the pelvic fin articulates. The hip bones on each side usually connect with each other at the forward end, and are even solidly fused in lungfishes and sharks, but they never attach to the vertebral column { source=WP }
Changes for: femoral nerve
- Deleted
- - femoral nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + femoral nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: acetabular part of hip bone
- Deleted
- - acetabular part of hip bone taxon notes In reptiles and in birds, the acetabula are deep sockets.[WP]
- Added
- + acetabular part of hip bone taxon notes In reptiles and in birds, the acetabula are deep sockets. { source=WP }
Changes for: pancreatic acinus
- Deleted
- - pancreatic acinus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pancreatic acinus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: trabecula of spleen
- Deleted
- - trabecula of spleen comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + trabecula of spleen editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: pancreas
- Deleted
- - pancreas SubClassOf part of some endocrine system
- - pancreas taxon notes As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) [PMID:20959416]
- Added
- + pancreas SubClassOf has part some endocrine pancreas
- + pancreas SubClassOf located in some coelemic cavity lumen
- + pancreas taxon notes As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20959416 }
Changes for: lamina propria of urinary bladder
- Deleted
- - lamina propria of urinary bladder comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lamina propria of urinary bladder editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: posterior dorsal bursa
- Deleted
- - posterior dorsal bursa comment right posterior dorsal bursa may be homologous to spermaceti organ
- Added
- + posterior dorsal bursa taxon notes right posterior dorsal bursa may be homologous to spermaceti organ
Changes for: nasal air sac
- Deleted
- - nasal air sac comment May be positioned distally or frontally
- Added
- + nasal air sac location notes May be positioned distally or frontally
Changes for: mucosa of urinary bladder
- Deleted
- - mucosa of urinary bladder comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + mucosa of urinary bladder editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: adventitia of ureter
- Deleted
- - adventitia of ureter comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: closed circulatory system
- Deleted
- - closed circulatory system editor note consider merging with cardiovascular system? Taxon notes: The circulatory systems of all vertebrates, as well as of annelids (for example, earthworms) and cephalopods (squid and octopus) are closed, just as in humans. Still, the systems of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds show various stages of the evolution of the circulatory system
- Added
- + closed circulatory system editor note consider merging with cardiovascular system?
- + closed circulatory system taxon notes The circulatory systems of all vertebrates, as well as of annelids (for example, earthworms) and cephalopods (squid and octopus) are closed, just as in humans. Still, the systems of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds show various stages of the evolution of the circulatory system
Changes for: wall of urinary bladder
- Deleted
- - wall of urinary bladder comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + wall of urinary bladder editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: trigone of urinary bladder
- Deleted
- - trigone of urinary bladder development notes Embryologically, the trigone of the bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts, which is of mesodermal origin (the rest of the bladder is endodermal). In the female the mesonephric ducts regresses, causing the trigone to be less prominent, but still present[WP]
- Added
- + trigone of urinary bladder development notes Embryologically, the trigone of the bladder is derived from the caudal end of mesonephric ducts, which is of mesodermal origin (the rest of the bladder is endodermal). In the female the mesonephric ducts regresses, causing the trigone to be less prominent, but still present { source=WP }
Changes for: neck of urinary bladder
- Deleted
- - neck of urinary bladder comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + neck of urinary bladder editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: hilum of spleen
- Deleted
- - hilum of spleen comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + hilum of spleen editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: muscularis mucosae of intestine
- Deleted
- - muscularis mucosae of intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + muscularis mucosae of intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine
- Deleted
- - crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: interlobular bile duct
- Deleted
- - interlobular bile duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + interlobular bile duct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: internal anal sphincter
- Deleted
- - internal anal sphincter comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + internal anal sphincter editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: paraaortic body
- Deleted
- - paraaortic body comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + paraaortic body editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: muscularis mucosae of large intestine
- Deleted
- - muscularis mucosae of large intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + muscularis mucosae of large intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: right adrenal gland
- Deleted
- - right adrenal gland taxon notes In humans, the right adrenal gland is triangular shaped[WP]
- Added
- + right adrenal gland taxon notes In humans, the right adrenal gland is triangular shaped { source=WP }
Changes for: left adrenal gland
- Deleted
- - left adrenal gland taxon notes In humans, the left adrenal gland is semilunar shaped[WP]
- Added
- + left adrenal gland taxon notes In humans, the left adrenal gland is semilunar shaped { source=WP }
Changes for: right ureter
- Deleted
- - right ureter comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + right ureter editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: left ureter
- Deleted
- - left ureter comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + left ureter editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: quadratus lumborum
- Deleted
- - quadratus lumborum comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + quadratus lumborum editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior mesenteric vein
- Deleted
- - inferior mesenteric vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior mesenteric vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: jejunal vein
- Deleted
- - jejunal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + jejunal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: middle colic vein
- Deleted
- - middle colic vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + middle colic vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ileocolic vein
- Deleted
- - ileocolic vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ileocolic vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: muscularis mucosae of small intestine
- Deleted
- - muscularis mucosae of small intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + muscularis mucosae of small intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: duodenal gland
- Deleted
- - duodenal gland editor note currently defined as equivalent to any submucosal gland in the duodenum. Taxon notes: Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds [ISBN:9780521617147]
- Added
- + duodenal gland editor note currently defined as equivalent to any submucosal gland in the duodenum.
- + duodenal gland taxon notes Said to be absent outside mammlian (Andrew 1959) but Ziswiler and Farner (1972) noted similar glands at the gastroduodenal junction of some birds { source=ISBN:9780521617147 }
Changes for: Peyer’s patch
- Deleted
- - Peyer’s patch comment Pp is a syn for Aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine; but MA uses Pp as covering both SI and LI. MA also includes follicle as a part. WP says duodenum and jejunum lack PPs. Taxon notes: Reptiles have accumulations of lymphocytes in their guts that may be primitive Peyer’s patches (Zapata and Solas).
- Added
- + Peyer’s patch external ontology notes Pp is a syn for Aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine; but MA uses Pp as covering both SI and LI. MA also includes follicle as a part. WP says duodenum and jejunum lack PPs { external ontology=MA }
- + Peyer’s patch taxon notes Reptiles have accumulations of lymphocytes in their guts that may be primitive Peyer’s patches (Zapata and Solas).
Changes for: serosa of small intestine
- Deleted
- - serosa of small intestine comment Histology notes: duodenum, 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia
- Added
- + serosa of small intestine structure notes duodenum, 1st part serosa, 2nd - 4th adventitia
Changes for: inner medulla vasa recta ascending limb
- Deleted
- - inner medulla vasa recta ascending limb comment This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the inner medulla parallel to the ascending limb
- Added
- + inner medulla vasa recta ascending limb external ontology notes This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the inner medulla parallel to the ascending limb { external ontology=CL }
Changes for: mucosa of large intestine
- Deleted
- - mucosa of large intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + mucosa of large intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vasa recta ascending limb
- Deleted
- - vasa recta ascending limb comment This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the ascending limb
- Added
- + vasa recta ascending limb external ontology notes This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the ascending limb { external ontology=CL }
Changes for: mucosa of small intestine
- Deleted
- - mucosa of small intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + mucosa of small intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: outer medulla vasa recta descending limb
- Deleted
- - outer medulla vasa recta descending limb comment This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the outer medullar parallel to the descending limb
- Added
- + outer medulla vasa recta descending limb external ontology notes This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the outer medullar parallel to the descending limb { external ontology=CL }
Changes for: submucosa of small intestine
- Deleted
- - submucosa of small intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + submucosa of small intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: submucosa of large intestine
- Deleted
- - submucosa of large intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + submucosa of large intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: outer medulla vasa recta ascending limb
- Deleted
- - outer medulla vasa recta ascending limb comment This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the outer medulla parallel to the ascending limb
- Added
- + outer medulla vasa recta ascending limb external ontology notes This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the outer medulla parallel to the ascending limb { external ontology=CL }
Changes for: inner medulla vasa recta descending limb
- Deleted
- - inner medulla vasa recta descending limb comment This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the inner medullar parallel to the descending limb
- Added
- + inner medulla vasa recta descending limb external ontology notes This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta in the inner medullar parallel to the descending limb { external ontology=CL }
Changes for: muscularis mucosae of stomach
- Deleted
- - muscularis mucosae of stomach comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + muscularis mucosae of stomach editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: submucosa of stomach
- Deleted
- - submucosa of stomach comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + submucosa of stomach editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: haemal node
- Added
- + haemal node SubClassOf viscus
Changes for: distal tarsal bone pre-cartilage condensation
- Added
Changes for: pessulus
- Deleted
- - pessulus SubClassOf cartilage of respiratory system
- - pessulus SubClassOf endoderm-derived structure
- Added
- + pessulus SubClassOf trachea cartilage
Changes for: distal tarsal cartilage
- Deleted
- - distal tarsal cartilage SubClassOf autopod cartilage
- Added
Changes for: wall of ureter
- Added
- + wall of ureter SubClassOf has part some adventitia
- + wall of ureter SubClassOf has part some muscle layer
Changes for: renal lobe
- Deleted
- - renal lobe editor note todo - add has_part relationships. Taxon notes: human kidneys have multilobar (multipyramidal) architecture while mice and rats have unilobar (unipyramidal) kidneys[MP]
- Added
- + renal lobe editor note todo - add has_part relationships.
- + renal lobe taxon notes human kidneys have multilobar (multipyramidal) architecture while mice and rats have unilobar (unipyramidal) kidneys { source=MP }
Changes for: lobule
- Added
- + lobule editor note todo - provide definition. Clearly distinguish between lobules, lobes and acinar parts of glands (see for example lobule of mammary gland)
Changes for: hypothalamo-hypophyseal system
- Deleted
- - hypothalamo-hypophyseal system taxon notes in lampreys and teleost hormones enter the adenohypophysis by diffusion. Editor notes: we represent this structure strictly as a system of blood vessels (presumably in line with the FMA). It could also be extended to include neurons and fiber tracts, as per the MESH definition. Function notes: One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles[WP]
- Added
- + hypothalamo-hypophyseal system editor note we represent this structure strictly as a system of blood vessels (presumably in line with the FMA). It could also be extended to include neurons and fiber tracts, as per the MESH definition
- + hypothalamo-hypophyseal system function notes One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The hypothalamus is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles
- + hypothalamo-hypophyseal system taxon notes in lampreys and teleost hormones enter the adenohypophysis by diffusion. . { source=WP }
Changes for: epithelium of pancreatic duct
- Deleted
- - epithelium of pancreatic duct editor note in EHDAA2, the embryonic pancreatic ducts (dorsal, ventral) are classified as eithelial sacs, which would render them subclasses this
- Added
- + epithelium of pancreatic duct editor note in EHDAA2, the embryonic pancreatic ducts (dorsal, ventral) are classified as eithelial sacs, which would render them subclasses of this
Changes for: internodal tract
- Deleted
- - internodal tract comment evidence is sparse [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-483065798] There is some functional evidence for the existence of specialized conducting pathways within the atria (termed internodal tracts), although this is controversial[http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A003.htm]. Editor note: include 3 subtypes?
- Added
- + internodal tract curator notes evidence is sparse [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-483065798] There is some functional evidence for the existence of specialized conducting pathways within the atria (termed internodal tracts), although this is controversial { source=http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A003.htm }
- + internodal tract editor note include 3 subtypes?
Changes for: neurogenic placode
- Deleted
- - neurogenic placode comment Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes. Taxon notes: While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000)[NBK53171]
- Added
- + neurogenic placode curator notes Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes.
- + neurogenic placode taxon notes While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000) { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53171 }
Changes for: olfactory bulb plexiform layer
- Deleted
- - olfactory bulb plexiform layer comment check if the NIF class is actually a grouping class
- Added
- + olfactory bulb plexiform layer editor note check if the NIF class is actually a grouping class
Changes for: cartilage of nasal septum
- Deleted
- - cartilage of nasal septum EquivalentTo cartilage tissue and part of some nasal septum
- Added
- + cartilage of nasal septum EquivalentTo cartilage element and part of some nasal septum
- + cartilage of nasal septum SubClassOf cartilage element of chondrocranium
Changes for: patella cartilage element
- Deleted
- - patella cartilage element comment Note some sources have this as intramembranous
- Added
- + patella cartilage element editor note Note some sources have this as intramembranous
Changes for: replacement bone
- Deleted
- - replacement bone comment This class was introduced to be consistent with the ZFA hierarchy. The corresponding TAO term was obsoleted, and never introduced into VSAO. Note that VSAO does have replacement element.
- Added
- + replacement bone external ontology notes This class was introduced to be consistent with the ZFA hierarchy. The corresponding TAO term was obsoleted, and never introduced into VSAO. Note that VSAO does have replacement element. { external ontology=ZFA }
Changes for: geniculate placode
- Deleted
- - geniculate placode definition Rostralmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 1st branchial cleft. { database cross reference=NBK:NBK53175 }
- Added
- + geniculate placode definition Rostralmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 1st branchial cleft. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175 }
Changes for: petrosal placode
- Deleted
- - petrosal placode definition Epibranchial placode between geniculate and nodose. Associated with 2nd branchial cleft. { database cross reference=NBK:NBK53175 }
- Added
- + petrosal placode definition Epibranchial placode between geniculate and nodose. Associated with 2nd branchial cleft. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175 }
Changes for: nodosal placode
- Deleted
- - nodosal placode definition Caudalmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 3rd branchial cleft. { database cross reference=NBK:NBK53175 }
- Added
- + nodosal placode definition Caudalmost epibranchial placode. Associated with 3rd branchial cleft. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53175 }
Changes for: adenohypophyseal placode
- Deleted
- - adenohypophyseal placode comment Addtional notes: Fate-mapping studies in amphibian, chick and mouse embryos (Eagleson et al., 1986; 1995; Couly and Le Douarin, 1985; Cobos et al., 2001; Osumi-Yamachita et al., 1994; Kawamura et al., 2002) have shown that the cells contributing to the adenohypophysis develop at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, which delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate, a region devoid of neural crest. The anterior neural ridge also gives rise to the olfactory placodes and some forebrain tissues including the olfactory bulbs (reviewed in Papalopulu, 1995). Ablation of this region in chick embryos at the 2-4 somite stage confirmed these lineage analyses as it prevented formation of Rathke’s pouch and any further pituitary development (elAmraoui and Dubois, 1993). Upon head folding, the oral ectoderm cells of the adenohypophyseal placode invaginate towards the prospective ventral diencephalon to form Rathke’s pouch, the anlage of the adenohypophysis. Rathke’s pouch starts as an invagination of the oral ectoderm in response to inductive signals from the prospective diencephalon. The region of the diencephalon above the pouch is known as the infundibulum and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary or neurohypohysis (Figure 3). While in most basal fish and tetrapods the adenohypophyseal anlagen invaginates to form Rathke’s pouch, in teleost fish the adenohypophyseal placode does not invaginate but rather maintains its initial organization forming a solid structure in the head (reviewed in Pogoda and Hammerschmidt; 2009)
- Added
- + adenohypophyseal placode development notes Fate-mapping studies in amphibian, chick and mouse embryos (Eagleson et al., 1986; 1995; Couly and Le Douarin, 1985; Cobos et al., 2001; Osumi-Yamachita et al., 1994; Kawamura et al., 2002) have shown that the cells contributing to the adenohypophysis develop at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, which delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate, a region devoid of neural crest. The anterior neural ridge also gives rise to the olfactory placodes and some forebrain tissues including the olfactory bulbs (reviewed in Papalopulu, 1995). Ablation of this region in chick embryos at the 2-4 somite stage confirmed these lineage analyses as it prevented formation of Rathke’s pouch and any further pituitary development (elAmraoui and Dubois, 1993). Upon head folding, the oral ectoderm cells of the adenohypophyseal placode invaginate towards the prospective ventral diencephalon to form Rathke’s pouch, the anlage of the adenohypophysis. Rathke’s pouch starts as an invagination of the oral ectoderm in response to inductive signals from the prospective diencephalon. The region of the diencephalon above the pouch is known as the infundibulum and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary or neurohypohysis (Figure 3). While in most basal fish and tetrapods the adenohypophyseal anlagen invaginates to form Rathke’s pouch, in teleost fish the adenohypophyseal placode does not invaginate but rather maintains its initial organization forming a solid structure in the head (reviewed in Pogoda and Hammerschmidt; 2009)
Changes for: cranial sensory ganglion
- Deleted
- - cranial sensory ganglion editor note check this - merge into cranial ganglion? WP: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia, appended respectively to cranial nerves VII, IX and X. Other ontology notes: has no subtypes in FMA
- Added
- + cranial sensory ganglion comment ontology notes: has no subtypes in FMA
- + cranial sensory ganglion editor note check this - merge into cranial ganglion? WP: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia, appended respectively to cranial nerves VII, IX and X. Other
Changes for: branchial basket
- Deleted
- - branchial basket comment May also be present in amphioxus. Editor notes: developmental relationship needs to be changed if the scope is broadened, as NC is vertebrate-specific
- Added
- + branchial basket editor note developmental relationship needs to be changed if the scope is broadened, as NC is vertebrate-specific
- + branchial basket taxon notes May also be present in amphioxus
Changes for: vestibulocochlear ganglion
- Deleted
- - vestibulocochlear ganglion comment The cell bodies of the cochlear nerve lie within the central aspect of the cochlea and are collectively known as the spiral ganglion. This name reflects the fact that the cell bodies, considered as a unit, have a spiral (or perhaps more accurately, a helical) shape, reflecting the shape of the cochlea. The terms “cochlear nerve fiber” and “spiral ganglion cell” are used, to some degree, interchangeably, although the former may be used to more specifically refer to the central axons of the cochlear nerve. These central axons exit the cochlea at its base, where it forms a nerve trunk. In humans, this aspect of the nerve is roughly one inch in length. It projects centrally to the brainstem, where its fibers synapse with the cell bodies of the cochlear nucleus[Wikipedia:Cochlear_nerve]
- Added
- + vestibulocochlear ganglion terminology notes The cell bodies of the cochlear nerve lie within the central aspect of the cochlea and are collectively known as the spiral ganglion. This name reflects the fact that the cell bodies, considered as a unit, have a spiral (or perhaps more accurately, a helical) shape, reflecting the shape of the cochlea. The terms ‘cochlear nerve fiber’ and ‘spiral ganglion cell’ are used, to some degree, interchangeably, although the former may be used to more specifically refer to the central axons of the cochlear nerve. These central axons exit the cochlea at its base, where it forms a nerve trunk. In humans, this aspect of the nerve is roughly one inch in length. It projects centrally to the brainstem, where its fibers synapse with the cell bodies of the cochlear nucleus { source=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_nerve }
Changes for: macula lutea proper
- Added
- + macula lutea proper definition The part of the macula lutea that excludes the fovea. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + macula lutea proper editor note consider obsoletion
Changes for: mammary gland sebaceous gland
- Deleted
- - mammary gland sebaceous gland comment This class was obsoleted as it was defined inconsistently
- Added
- + mammary gland sebaceous gland curator notes this class was obsoleted as it was defined inconsistently
Changes for: periventricular zone of hypothalamus
- Deleted
- - periventricular zone of hypothalamus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + periventricular zone of hypothalamus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: hyaloid artery
- Deleted
- - hyaloid artery comment Taxon notes: In humans, Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet’s canal. Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as ‘floaters’. An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf’s dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister’s papilla
- Added
- + hyaloid artery taxon notes In humans, Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet’s canal. Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as ‘floaters’. An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf’s dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister’s papilla
Changes for: lateral zone of hypothalamus
- Deleted
- - lateral zone of hypothalamus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral zone of hypothalamus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: medial zone of hypothalamus
- Deleted
- - medial zone of hypothalamus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medial zone of hypothalamus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: udder
- Added
- + udder SubClassOf ObjectMinCardinality( has component mammary gland )
- + udder SubClassOf has component some nipple
- + udder SubClassOf has part some nipple
Changes for: vestibular aqueduct
- Deleted
- - vestibular aqueduct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vestibular aqueduct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: reticular formation
- Deleted
- - reticular formation comment Usage notes: this class denotes the generic structure, and not a specific one such as medullary or pontine reticular formation.
- Added
- + reticular formation curator notes this class denotes the generic structure, and not a specific one such as medullary or pontine reticular formation.
Changes for: perifornical nucleus
- Deleted
- - perifornical nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + perifornical nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lamina of spiral limbus
- Deleted
- - lamina of spiral limbus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lamina of spiral limbus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: hyponychium
- Deleted
- - hyponychium taxon notes Extended in mouse compared to human[PMID:23408541]
- Added
- + hyponychium taxon notes Extended in mouse compared to human { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408541 }
Changes for: vestibular membrane of cochlear duct
- Deleted
- - vestibular membrane of cochlear duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vestibular membrane of cochlear duct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: Grueneberg ganglion
- Deleted
- - Grueneberg ganglion has related synonym GG { database cross reference=NCBI:NBK55971 , has synonym type=abbreviation }
- Added
Changes for: choroid plexus of third ventricle
- Deleted
- - choroid plexus of third ventricle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + choroid plexus of third ventricle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
- Deleted
- - choroid plexus of fourth ventricle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + choroid plexus of fourth ventricle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: biliary system
- Deleted
- - biliary system comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + biliary system editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: supraorbital gland
- Deleted
- - supraorbital gland comment Function notes: The gland’s function is similar to that of the kidneys, though it is much more efficient at removing salt, allowing Penguins to survive without access to fresh water. Contrary to popular belief, the gland does not directly convert saltwater to freshwater. The term supraorbital refers to the area just above the eye socket (which is known as the orbit of the eye. ) Living in saltwater environments would naturally pose a large problem for penguins because the ingestion of saltwater would be detrimental to a penguin’s health. Although penguins do not directly drink water, it is taken in when they engulf prey. As a result, saltwater enters their system and must be effectively excreted. The supraorbital gland has thus enabled the penguins’ survival in such environments due to its water-filtering capability. The gland is located just above the eyes and surrounds a capillary in the head. This capillary constantly strains out the salt in the saltwater that a penguin takes in. Since the byproduct of the gland has roughly five times as much salt as would normally be found in the animal’s fluids, the supraorbital gland is highly efficient. The penguin excretes the salt byproduct as a brine through its bill. Often, the fluid drips out, and this gives the appearance of a runny nose. However, the fluid may also be sneezed out. In the absence of saltwater, caused by captivity, the supraorbital gland will lie dormant as it has no other purpose. Having a dormant supraorbital gland does not negatively affect the health of a penguin
- Added
- + supraorbital gland function notes The gland’s function is similar to that of the kidneys, though it is much more efficient at removing salt, allowing Penguins to survive without access to fresh water. Contrary to popular belief, the gland does not directly convert saltwater to freshwater. The term supraorbital refers to the area just above the eye socket (which is known as the orbit of the eye. ) Living in saltwater environments would naturally pose a large problem for penguins because the ingestion of saltwater would be detrimental to a penguin’s health. Although penguins do not directly drink water, it is taken in when they engulf prey. As a result, saltwater enters their system and must be effectively excreted. The supraorbital gland has thus enabled the penguins’ survival in such environments due to its water-filtering capability. The gland is located just above the eyes and surrounds a capillary in the head. This capillary constantly strains out the salt in the saltwater that a penguin takes in. Since the byproduct of the gland has roughly five times as much salt as would normally be found in the animal’s fluids, the supraorbital gland is highly efficient. The penguin excretes the salt byproduct as a brine through its bill. Often, the fluid drips out, and this gives the appearance of a runny nose. However, the fluid may also be sneezed out. In the absence of saltwater, caused by captivity, the supraorbital gland will lie dormant as it has no other purpose. Having a dormant supraorbital gland does not negatively affect the health of a penguin
Changes for: caudofemoralis
- Deleted
- - caudofemoralis comment Action: The Caudofemoralis acts to flex the tail laterally to its respective side when the pelvic limb is bearing weight. When the pelvic limb is lifted off the ground, contraction of the Caudofemoralis causes the limb to abduct and the shank to extend by extending the hip joint (acetabulofemoral or coxofemoral joint)
- Added
- + caudofemoralis actions notes The Caudofemoralis acts to flex the tail laterally to its respective side when the pelvic limb is bearing weight. When the pelvic limb is lifted off the ground, contraction of the Caudofemoralis causes the limb to abduct and the shank to extend by extending the hip joint (acetabulofemoral or coxofemoral joint)
Changes for: anterior jugular vein
- Deleted
- - anterior jugular vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + anterior jugular vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cartilage of main bronchus
- Deleted
- - cartilage of main bronchus EquivalentTo cartilage tissue and part of some main bronchus
- - cartilage of main bronchus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cartilage of main bronchus EquivalentTo cartilage element and part of some main bronchus
- + cartilage of main bronchus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: costal cartilage
- Deleted
- - costal cartilage SubClassOf cartilage tissue
- Added
- + costal cartilage SubClassOf cartilage element
Changes for: external jugular vein
- Deleted
- - external jugular vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + external jugular vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: head of rib
- Deleted
- - head of rib comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + head of rib editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: body of rib
- Deleted
- - body of rib comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + body of rib editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: entire embryonic mesenchyme
- Deleted
- - entire embryonic mesenchyme comment consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm)
- Added
- + entire embryonic mesenchyme editor note consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm)
Changes for: sternothyroid muscle
- Deleted
- - sternothyroid muscle comment Action: draws larynx caudally
- Added
- + sternothyroid muscle actions notes draws larynx caudally
Changes for: sternohyoid muscle
- Deleted
- - sternohyoid muscle comment Action: draws hyoid posteriorly . AO notes: Note that as defined here, this structure attaches to the sternum, which is a tetrapod structure. TAO has class ‘sternohyoid’ as part of mandibular muscle, but no sternum, so excluded here. The TAO/ZFA class has no definition, but the dictionary of icthyology states: “a large muscle originating on the ventral spine of the postcleithrum and inserting on the sides of the urohyal. It functions in rapid opening of the jaw and expanding the buccal cavity” - a generic way of grouping these is via a hyoid - girdle connection
- Added
- + sternohyoid muscle actions notes draws hyoid posteriorly .
- + sternohyoid muscle external ontology notes Note that as defined here, this structure attaches to the sternum, which is a tetrapod structure. TAO has class ‘sternohyoid’ as part of mandibular muscle, but no sternum, so excluded here. The TAO/ZFA class has no definition, but the dictionary of icthyology states: ‘a large muscle originating on the ventral spine of the postcleithrum and inserting on the sides of the urohyal. It functions in rapid opening of the jaw and expanding the buccal cavity’ - a generic way of grouping these is via a hyoid - girdle connection { external ontology=TAO }
Changes for: clavicle
- Deleted
- - clavicle taxon notes The clavicle first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it is associated with the pectoral fin; they also have a bone called the cleithrum. In such fish, the paired clavicles run behind and below the gills on each side, and are joined by a solid symphysis on the fish’s underside. They are, however, absent in cartilagenous fish and in the vast majority of living bony fish, including all of the teleosts[ISBN 0-03-910284-X] AO Notes: FMA and MA differ in whether they consider this part of the shoulder. Development notes: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
- Added
- + clavicle development notes In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal. { source=ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4 }
- + clavicle external ontology notes FMA and MA differ in whether they consider this part of the shoulder { external ontology=FMA }
- + clavicle taxon notes The clavicle first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it is associated with the pectoral fin; they also have a bone called the cleithrum. In such fish, the paired clavicles run behind and below the gills on each side, and are joined by a solid symphysis on the fish’s underside. They are, however, absent in cartilagenous fish and in the vast majority of living bony fish, including all of the teleosts[ISBN 0-03-910284-X].
Changes for: cephalic vein
- Deleted
- - cephalic vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cephalic vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: left lobe of liver
- Deleted
- - left lobe of liver comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + left lobe of liver editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: right lobe of liver
- Deleted
- - right lobe of liver comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + right lobe of liver editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: dorsal thoracic nucleus
- Deleted
- - dorsal thoracic nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + dorsal thoracic nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: intercostal muscle
- Deleted
- - intercostal muscle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + intercostal muscle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: quadrate lobe of liver
- Deleted
- - quadrate lobe of liver comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + quadrate lobe of liver editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: median artery
- Deleted
- - median artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + median artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: scalenus medius
- Deleted
- - scalenus medius comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + scalenus medius editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: splenius
- Deleted
- Added
- + splenius external ontology notes Muscle of neck in MA { external ontology=MA }
Changes for: thyroglossal duct
- Deleted
- - thyroglossal duct comment AO notes: FMA treats this as vestigial
- Added
- + thyroglossal duct external ontology notes FMA treats this as vestigial { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: dorsal horn of spinal cord
- Deleted
- - dorsal horn of spinal cord comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + dorsal horn of spinal cord editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: serratus ventralis
- Deleted
- - serratus ventralis comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + serratus ventralis editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ventral horn of spinal cord
- Deleted
- - ventral horn of spinal cord comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ventral horn of spinal cord editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: scalenus posterior
- Deleted
- - scalenus posterior comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + scalenus posterior editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: popliteal artery
- Deleted
- - popliteal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + popliteal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vertebral foramen
- Deleted
- - vertebral foramen comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vertebral foramen editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: anterior olfactory nucleus
- Deleted
- - anterior olfactory nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + anterior olfactory nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cardiac muscle tissue
- Deleted
- - cardiac muscle tissue comment check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class ‘cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium’. Check ncit
- Added
- + cardiac muscle tissue editor note check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class ‘cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium’. Check ncit
Changes for: parathyroid gland
- Deleted
- - parathyroid gland development notes table 13.1 of Kardong is used to create the taxon-specific developmental relationships here, although some omissions are made for simplicity. Additional notes: Parathyroid glands are found in all adult tetrapods, although they vary in their number, and in their exact position. Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six. Fish do not possess parathyroid glands, although the ultimobranchial glands, which are found close to the oesophagus, may have a similar function and could even be homologous with the tetrapod parathyroids. Even these glands are absent in the most primitive vertebrates, the jawless fish, but as these species have no bone in their skeletons, only cartilage, it may be that they have less need to regulate calcium metabolism. The conserved homology of genes and calcium-sensing receptors in fish gills with those in the parathryroid glands of birds and mammals is recognized by evolutionary developmental biology as evolution-using genes and gene networks in novel ways to generate new structures with some similar functions and novel functions[WP]. The parathryoid gland is not formed in fish, but is only found in tetrapods. In humans and chick it emerges from pouches 3 and 4, but in mice it is exclusively generated by the third pouch[PMID:16313389]
- Added
- + parathyroid gland comment Additional notes: Parathyroid glands are found in all adult tetrapods, although they vary in their number, and in their exact position. Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six. Fish do not possess parathyroid glands, although the ultimobranchial glands, which are found close to the oesophagus, may have a similar function and could even be homologous with the tetrapod parathyroids. Even these glands are absent in the most primitive vertebrates, the jawless fish, but as these species have no bone in their skeletons, only cartilage, it may be that they have less need to regulate calcium metabolism. The conserved homology of genes and calcium-sensing receptors in fish gills with those in the parathryroid glands of birds and mammals is recognized by evolutionary developmental biology as evolution-using genes and gene networks in novel ways to generate new structures with some similar functions and novel functions[WP]. The parathryoid gland is not formed in fish, but is only found in tetrapods. In humans and chick it emerges from pouches 3 and 4, but in mice it is exclusively generated by the third pouch
- + parathyroid gland development notes table 13.1 of Kardong is used to create the taxon-specific developmental relationships here, although some omissions are made for simplicity. { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16313389 }
Changes for: olfactory bulb
- Deleted
- - olfactory bulb comment Note that in uberon ‘main olfactory bulb’ is a separate class, but some ontologies may treat this as partially synonymous. The distinction may only make sense in tetrapods with a vomeronasal organ (olfactory nerves terminate in OB in fishes and in main OB in tetrapods - Butler and Hodos). Development notes: the olfactory bulbs develop as bilateral evaginations from a region of the prosencephalic neural plate intercalated between the septal and the cortical anlagen (Cobos et al. 2001b, Rubenstein et al. 1998). Comparing the structure of the olfactory bulb among vertebrate species, such as the leopard frog and the lab mouse, reveals that they all share the same fundamental layout(WP).
- Added
- + olfactory bulb development notes the olfactory bulbs develop as bilateral evaginations from a region of the prosencephalic neural plate intercalated between the septal and the cortical anlagen (Cobos et al. 2001b, Rubenstein et al. 1998). Comparing the structure of the olfactory bulb among vertebrate species, such as the leopard frog and the lab mouse, reveals that they all share the same fundamental layout(WP).
- + olfactory bulb taxon notes Note that in uberon ‘main olfactory bulb’ is a separate class, but some ontologies may treat this as partially synonymous. The distinction may only make sense in tetrapods with a vomeronasal organ (olfactory nerves terminate in OB in fishes and in main OB in tetrapods - Butler and Hodos)
Changes for: pupillary membrane
- Deleted
- - pupillary membrane comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pupillary membrane editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
- Deleted
- - laterodorsal tegmental nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + laterodorsal tegmental nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: mesothelium
- Deleted
- - mesothelium comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + mesothelium editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: dorsal root of spinal cord
- Deleted
- - dorsal root of spinal cord comment AO notes: FMA xref is ‘general anatomical term’. We xref both to ensure equivalence.
- Added
- + dorsal root of spinal cord external ontology notes FMA xref is ‘general anatomical term’. We xref both to ensure equivalence. { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: celiac ganglion
- Deleted
- - celiac ganglion comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + celiac ganglion editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ventral root of spinal cord
- Deleted
- - ventral root of spinal cord comment AO notes: FMA:77516 xref is a ‘general anatomical term’. We xref both to ensure equivalence.
- Added
- + ventral root of spinal cord external ontology notes FMA:77516 xref is a ‘general anatomical term’. We xref both to ensure equivalence. { external ontology=FMA }
Changes for: superior mesenteric vein
- Deleted
- - superior mesenteric vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superior mesenteric vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: common iliac vein
- Deleted
- - common iliac vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + common iliac vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ovarian vein
- Deleted
- - ovarian vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ovarian vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: suprarenal vein
- Deleted
- - suprarenal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + suprarenal vein editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: trunk of peripheral nerve
- Deleted
- - trunk of peripheral nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + trunk of peripheral nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: median nerve
- Deleted
- - median nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + median nerve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: testicular vein
- Deleted
- - testicular vein EquivalentTo vein and connected to some testis
- - testicular vein SubClassOf connected to some testis
- - testicular vein comment comment: editor note: TODO - check testicular vs spermatic vein (MA:0002218)
- - testicular vein definition The testicular vein (or spermatic vein), the male gonadal vein, carries deoxygenated blood from its corresponding testis to the inferior vena cava or one of its tributaries. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis: the right testicular vein generally joins the inferior vena cava; the left testicular vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. The veins emerge from the back of the testis, and receive tributaries from the epididymis; they unite and form a convoluted plexus, called the pampiniform plexus, which constitutes the greater mass of the spermatic cord; the vessels composing this plexus are very numerous, and ascend along the cord, in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring, they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins, which ascend on the Psoas major, behind the peritoneum, lying one on either side of the internal spermatic artery. These unite to form a single vein, which opens, on the right side, into the inferior vena cava (at an acute angle), on the left side into the left renal vein (at a right angle). The spermatic veins are provided with valves. The left spermatic vein passes behind the iliac colon and is thus exposed to pressure from the contents of that part of the bowel. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_vein , database cross reference=https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3220553&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 }
- Added
- + testicular vein EquivalentTo vein and drains some testis
- + testicular vein SubClassOf drains some testis
- + testicular vein definition A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from a single male gonad. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_vein , database cross reference=https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3220553&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
- + testicular vein editor note TODO - check testicular vs spermatic vein (MA:0002218)
- + testicular vein taxon notes In humans, the right testicular vein generally joins the inferior vena cava; the left testicular vein, unlike the right, often joins the left renal vein instead of the inferior vena cava. The veins emerge from the back of the testis, and receive tributaries from the epididymis; they unite and form a convoluted plexus, called the pampiniform plexus, which constitutes the greater mass of the spermatic cord; the vessels composing this plexus are very numerous, and ascend along the cord, in front of the ductus deferens. Below the subcutaneous inguinal ring, they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins, which ascend on the Psoas major, behind the peritoneum, lying one on either side of the internal spermatic artery. These unite to form a single vein, which opens, on the right side, into the inferior vena cava (at an acute angle), on the left side into the left renal vein (at a right angle). The spermatic veins are provided with valves. The left spermatic vein passes behind the iliac colon and is thus exposed to pressure from the contents of that part of the bowel
Changes for: fibrous joint
- Deleted
- - fibrous joint comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + fibrous joint editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: xiphoid process
- Deleted
- - xiphoid process comment this class may represent a mixed bony-cartilage element, or it may be the superclass of either purely cartilage or purely ossified elements. Taxon notes: usually ossified in the adult human. By age 15 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non-movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the celiac plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and indirectly attaches the costal cartilage to the sternum. [WP,unvetted]
- Added
- + xiphoid process curator notes this class may represent a mixed bony-cartilage element, or it may be the superclass of either purely cartilage or purely ossified elements { source=WP,unvetted }
- + xiphoid process taxon notes usually ossified in the adult human. By age 15 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non-movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the celiac plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and indirectly attaches the costal cartilage to the sternum.
Changes for: body of pancreas
- Deleted
- - body of pancreas comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + body of pancreas editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: tail of pancreas
- Deleted
- - tail of pancreas comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + tail of pancreas editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: paleocortex
- Deleted
- - paleocortex comment Location notes: Paleocortex is present in the parahippocampal gyrus,[1] olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, periamygdalar area,[2] anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior perforated substance, and prepyriform area[WP]
- Added
- + paleocortex location notes Paleocortex is present in the parahippocampal gyrus,[1] olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, periamygdalar area,[2] anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior perforated substance, and prepyriform area { source=WP }
Changes for: descending colon
- Deleted
- - descending colon comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + descending colon editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: submucosa of trachea
- Deleted
- - submucosa of trachea comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + submucosa of trachea editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: sigmoid colon
- Deleted
- - sigmoid colon comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + sigmoid colon editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vasculature of trunk
- Deleted
- - vasculature of trunk comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vasculature of trunk editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: transverse colon
- Deleted
- - transverse colon comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + transverse colon editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vasculature of head
- Deleted
- - vasculature of head comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + vasculature of head editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: caecum
- Deleted
- - caecum taxon notes A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates.[WP]
- Added
- + caecum taxon notes A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates. { source=WP }
Changes for: lesser curvature of stomach
- Deleted
- - lesser curvature of stomach comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lesser curvature of stomach editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: greater curvature of stomach
- Deleted
- - greater curvature of stomach comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + greater curvature of stomach editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: wall of stomach
- Deleted
- - wall of stomach comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + wall of stomach editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: synchondrosis
- Deleted
- - synchondrosis comment consider adding link to hyaline cartilage
- Added
- + synchondrosis editor note consider adding link to hyaline cartilage
Changes for: wall of small intestine
- Deleted
- - wall of small intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + wall of small intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth
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- - macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: wall of large intestine
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- - wall of large intestine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + wall of large intestine editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cartilaginous joint
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- - cartilaginous joint comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cartilaginous joint editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth
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- - macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: rib
- Deleted
- - rib comment Humans have 24 ribs (12 pairs). The first seven sets of ribs, known as “true ribs”, are directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The following five sets are known as “false ribs”, three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs (costae fluitantes) or vertebral ribs. They are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs of floating ribs, while others have a third pair. Rib removal is the surgical excision of ribs for therapeutic or cosmetic reasons. In fish, there are often two sets of ribs attached to the vertebral column. One set, the dorsal ribs, are found in the dividing septum between the upper and lower parts of the main muscle segments, projecting roughly sideways from the vertebral column. The second set, of ventral ribs arise from the vertebral column just below the dorsal ribs, and enclose the lower body, often joining at the tips. Not all species possess both types of rib, with the dorsal ribs being most commonly absent. Sharks, for example, have no dorsal ribs, and only very short ventral ribs, while lampreys have no ribs at all. In some teleosts, there may be additional rib-like bones within the muscle mass. Tetrapods, however, only ever have a single set of ribs which are probably homologous with the dorsal ribs of fishes. In the early tetrapods, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the thoracic vertebrae are typically the longest. The sacral ribs were stout and short, since they formed part of the pelvis, connecting the backbone to the hip bones.[1] In most subsequent forms, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living amphibians and reptiles, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example, turtles have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilagenous carapace and plastron, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk. Frogs typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis.[1]. In birds, ribs are present as distinct bones only on the thoracic region, although small fused ribs are present on the cervical vertebrae. The thoracic ribs of birds possess a wide projection to the rear; this uncinate process is an attachment for the shoulder muscles.[1]. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in monotremes. In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles, caudal ribs are never found in mammals.[1]
Changes for: interparietal bone
- Deleted
- - interparietal bone taxon notes rarely present in humans[PMID:3654370]
- Added
- + interparietal bone taxon notes rarely present in humans { source=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3654370 }
Changes for: manual minor digit (Aves) digitopodial skeleton
- Deleted
- - manual minor digit (Aves) digitopodial skeleton comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a “digit”, but the label “digit” is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
- Added
- + manual minor digit (Aves) digitopodial skeleton curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a ‘digit’, but the label ‘digit’ is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
Changes for: manual major digit (Aves) digitopodial skeleton
- Deleted
- - manual major digit (Aves) digitopodial skeleton comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a “digit”, but the label “digit” is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
- Added
- + manual major digit (Aves) digitopodial skeleton curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a ‘digit’, but the label ‘digit’ is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
Changes for: alular digit digitopodial skeleton
- Deleted
- - alular digit digitopodial skeleton comment This class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a “digit”, but the label “digit” is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
- Added
- + alular digit digitopodial skeleton curator notes this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a ‘digit’, but the label ‘digit’ is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
Changes for: hepatic acinus
- Deleted
- - hepatic acinus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + hepatic acinus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: portal lobule
- Deleted
- - portal lobule comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + portal lobule editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: right hepatic duct
- Deleted
- - right hepatic duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + right hepatic duct editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: thoracic cavity
- Deleted
- - thoracic cavity comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + thoracic cavity editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: visceral peritoneum
- Deleted
- - visceral peritoneum comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + visceral peritoneum editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: basilar membrane of cochlea
- Deleted
- - basilar membrane of cochlea comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + basilar membrane of cochlea editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: peritoneal cavity
- Deleted
- - peritoneal cavity comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + peritoneal cavity editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: testicular artery
- Deleted
- - testicular artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + testicular artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: embryonic urethral groove
- Deleted
- - embryonic urethral groove comment Taxon notes: In humans, the urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. It typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week[Wikipedia:Urethral_groove]
- Added
- + embryonic urethral groove taxon notes In humans, the urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. It typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week { source=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethral_groove }
Changes for: superior suprarenal artery
- Deleted
- - superior suprarenal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superior suprarenal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: ileocolic artery
- Deleted
- - ileocolic artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ileocolic artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: middle colic artery
- Deleted
- - middle colic artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + middle colic artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- Deleted
- - inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: splenic artery
- Deleted
- - splenic artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + splenic artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: left gastric artery
- Deleted
- - left gastric artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + left gastric artery editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cell group
- Deleted
- - cell group comment Consider adding to CARO.
- Added
- + cell group editor note consider adding to CARO.
Changes for: pharyngeal membrane of 1st arch
- Deleted
- - pharyngeal membrane of 1st arch comment check EMAPA - 3 terms appear to match. We follow EMAPA in making each membrane part of the arch with the same number, though in fact it is between these arches
- Added
- + pharyngeal membrane of 1st arch editor note check EMAPA - 3 terms appear to match. We follow EMAPA in making each membrane part of the arch with the same number, though in fact it is between these arches
Changes for: nephric duct
- Added
- + nephric duct EquivalentTo pronephric duct or mesonephric duct
Changes for: vasa recta descending limb
- Deleted
- - vasa recta descending limb comment This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the descending limb
- Added
- + vasa recta descending limb external ontology notes This class was created in order to align KUPO with CL. The original class was undefined, and the intended meaning is not clear, may be obsoleted in future. The vasa recta is parallel to the loop of Henles, this may refer to the portion of the vasa recta parallel to the descending limb { external ontology=CL }
Changes for: lateral cervical nucleus
- Deleted
- - lateral cervical nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral cervical nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lateral funiculus of spinal cord
- Deleted
- - lateral funiculus of spinal cord comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + lateral funiculus of spinal cord editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: outer cortex of kidney
- Deleted
- - outer cortex of kidney comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + outer cortex of kidney editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: respiratory bronchiole
- Deleted
- - respiratory bronchiole taxon notes mice have few or none of these structures, with the terminal bronchioles transitioning directly to the alveolary ducts[ISBN10:0123813611]
- Added
- + respiratory bronchiole taxon notes mice have few or none of these structures, with the terminal bronchioles transitioning directly to the alveolary ducts { source=ISBN10:0123813611 }
Changes for: bronchiole
- Deleted
- - bronchiole comment Structure notes: lacks submucosa and cartilage plates; they have 3 layers: mucosa, muscular layer and outer layer[ISBN10:0123813611]
- Added
- + bronchiole structure notes lacks submucosa and cartilage plates; they have 3 layers: mucosa, muscular layer and outer layer { source=ISBN10:0123813611 }
Changes for: ventral funiculus of spinal cord
- Deleted
- - ventral funiculus of spinal cord comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + ventral funiculus of spinal cord editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lobar bronchus
- Deleted
- - lobar bronchus comment Structure notes: They have relatively large lumens that are lined by respiratory epithelium. There is a smooth muscle layer below the epithelium arranged as two ribbons of muscle that spiral in opposite directions. This smooth muscle layer contains seromucous glands. Irregularly arranged plates of hyaline cartilage surround the smooth muscle. These plates give structural support to the bronchus and maintain the patency of the lumen.
- Added
- + lobar bronchus structure notes They have relatively large lumens that are lined by respiratory epithelium. There is a smooth muscle layer below the epithelium arranged as two ribbons of muscle that spiral in opposite directions. This smooth muscle layer contains seromucous glands. Irregularly arranged plates of hyaline cartilage surround the smooth muscle. These plates give structural support to the bronchus and maintain the patency of the lumen.
Changes for: primary nodular lymphoid tissue
- Deleted
- - primary nodular lymphoid tissue comment Location notes: The cortex of lymph nodes, the white pulp of spleen, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue all have these primary follicles
- Added
- + primary nodular lymphoid tissue location notes The cortex of lymph nodes, the white pulp of spleen, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue all have these primary follicles
Changes for: principal inferior olivary nucleus
- Deleted
- - principal inferior olivary nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + principal inferior olivary nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: nucleus raphe pallidus
- Deleted
- - nucleus raphe pallidus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + nucleus raphe pallidus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: medial accessory inferior olivary nucleus
- Deleted
- - medial accessory inferior olivary nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medial accessory inferior olivary nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: oropharyngeal choana
- Deleted
- - oropharyngeal choana SubClassOf adjacent to some oropharynx
- - oropharyngeal choana database cross reference AAO:0000025
- Added
- + oropharyngeal choana EquivalentTo internal naris and part of some secondary palate and connects some nasal cavity and connects some oropharynx
- + oropharyngeal choana SubClassOf connects some nasal cavity
- + oropharyngeal choana SubClassOf connects some oropharynx
- + oropharyngeal choana editor note todo - check AAO:0000025 apertura nasalis interna
Changes for: fastigial nucleus
- Deleted
- - fastigial nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + fastigial nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: nucleus raphe magnus
- Deleted
- - nucleus raphe magnus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + nucleus raphe magnus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: gigantocellular nucleus
- Deleted
- - gigantocellular nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + gigantocellular nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: middle cerebellar peduncle
- Deleted
- - middle cerebellar peduncle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + middle cerebellar peduncle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: pontine nuclear group
- Deleted
- - pontine nuclear group comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pontine nuclear group editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: left lung
- Deleted
- Added
- + left lung editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: right lung
- Deleted
- - right lung comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + right lung editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: endocardium of atrium
- Deleted
- - endocardium of atrium comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + endocardium of atrium editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: tectobulbar tract
- Deleted
- - tectobulbar tract comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + tectobulbar tract editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior cerebellar peduncle
- Deleted
- - inferior cerebellar peduncle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior cerebellar peduncle editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: area postrema
- Deleted
- - area postrema function notes vomiting center in humans[WP]
- Added
- + area postrema function notes vomiting center in humans { source=WP }
Changes for: gracile nucleus
- Deleted
- - gracile nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + gracile nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: nucleus prepositus
- Deleted
- - nucleus prepositus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + nucleus prepositus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: cerebellar nuclear complex
- Deleted
- - cerebellar nuclear complex comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + cerebellar nuclear complex editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: anterior lobe of cerebellum
- Deleted
- - anterior lobe of cerebellum comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + anterior lobe of cerebellum editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: vas deferens
- Deleted
- - vas deferens taxon notes Most vertebrates have some form of duct to transfer the sperm from the testes to the urethra. In cartilaginous fish and amphibians, sperm is carried through the archinephric duct, which also partially helps to transport urine from the kidneys. In teleosts, there is a distinct sperm duct, separate from the ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans. In cartilaginous fishes, the part of the archinephric duct closest to the testis is coiled up to form an epididymis. Below this are a number of small glands secreting components of the seminal fluid. The final portion of the duct also receives ducts from the kidneys in most species. In amniotes, however, the archinephric duct has become a true vas deferens, and is used only for conducting sperm, never urine. As in cartilaginous fish, the upper part of the duct forms the epididymis. In many species, the vas deferens ends in a small sac for storing sperm. The only vertebrates to lack any structure resembling a vas deferens are the primitive jawless fishes, which release sperm directly into the body cavity, and then into the surrounding water through a simple opening in the body wall.[WP]
- Added
- + vas deferens taxon notes Most vertebrates have some form of duct to transfer the sperm from the testes to the urethra. In cartilaginous fish and amphibians, sperm is carried through the archinephric duct, which also partially helps to transport urine from the kidneys. In teleosts, there is a distinct sperm duct, separate from the ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans. In cartilaginous fishes, the part of the archinephric duct closest to the testis is coiled up to form an epididymis. Below this are a number of small glands secreting components of the seminal fluid. The final portion of the duct also receives ducts from the kidneys in most species. In amniotes, however, the archinephric duct has become a true vas deferens, and is used only for conducting sperm, never urine. As in cartilaginous fish, the upper part of the duct forms the epididymis. In many species, the vas deferens ends in a small sac for storing sperm. The only vertebrates to lack any structure resembling a vas deferens are the primitive jawless fishes, which release sperm directly into the body cavity, and then into the surrounding water through a simple opening in the body wall. { source=WP }
Changes for: dentate nucleus
- Deleted
- - dentate nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + dentate nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: skin epidermis
- Deleted
- - skin epidermis comment Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes).
- Added
- + skin epidermis taxon notes Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes).
Changes for: habenulo-interpeduncular tract
- Deleted
- - habenulo-interpeduncular tract taxon notes present in all fishes and tetrapods[ISBN10:0471888893]
- Added
- + habenulo-interpeduncular tract taxon notes present in all fishes and tetrapods { source=ISBN10:0471888893 }
Changes for: digestive system
- Deleted
- - digestive system definition Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_system, , database cross reference=FB:gg , database cross reference=NLM:alimentary+system }
- Added
- + digestive system definition Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_system , database cross reference=FB:gg , database cross reference=NLM:alimentary+system }
Changes for: embryonic nasal process
- Deleted
- - embryonic nasal process comment medial or lateral; in EHDAA2 also frontonasal or intermaxillary
- Added
- + embryonic nasal process external ontology notes medial or lateral; in EHDAA2 also frontonasal or intermaxillary { external ontology=EHDAA2 }
Changes for: parvocellular oculomotor nucleus
- Deleted
- - parvocellular oculomotor nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + parvocellular oculomotor nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: interpeduncular nucleus
- Deleted
- - interpeduncular nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + interpeduncular nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
- Deleted
- - pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: dorsal tegmental nucleus
- Deleted
- - dorsal tegmental nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + dorsal tegmental nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: adipose tissue
- Deleted
- - adipose tissue SubClassOf connective tissue
- Added
- + adipose tissue SubClassOf dense irregular connective tissue
Changes for: superior salivatory nucleus
- Deleted
- - superior salivatory nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + superior salivatory nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: pulmonary valve
- Deleted
- - pulmonary valve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + pulmonary valve editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: reticulotegmental nucleus
- Deleted
- - reticulotegmental nucleus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + reticulotegmental nucleus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: artery smooth muscle tissue
- Deleted
- - artery smooth muscle tissue comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + artery smooth muscle tissue editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: smooth muscle of esophagus
- Deleted
- - smooth muscle of esophagus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + smooth muscle of esophagus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: right ovary
- Deleted
- - right ovary comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + right ovary editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: left ovary
- Deleted
- - left ovary taxon notes [In other animals]](In some elasmobranchs, the left ovary does not mature, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[Wikipedia:Ovary#In_other_animals])
- Added
- + left ovary taxon notes In some elasmobranchs, the left ovary does not mature, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo { source=In other animals }
Changes for: solitary tract nuclear complex
- Deleted
- - solitary tract nuclear complex comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + solitary tract nuclear complex editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: inferior olivary complex
- Deleted
- - inferior olivary complex comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + inferior olivary complex editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: medulla of thymus
- Deleted
- - medulla of thymus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
- Added
- + medulla of thymus editor note This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Changes for: lobule of thymus
- Deleted
- - lobule of thymus comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies