odds and ends

Ontology Diff Report

• Fixes to reproductive system and renal system, aligned with GO and MP
• various NTs to support logical definitions
• definition overhaul
• multiple changes. Improved definitions from WP, made more concise. Myotome overhaul
• translated comments to specific APs
• Added roman numeral digit labels as preferred terms for comparative anatomists. Fixes #458

Original Ontology

• IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl
• VersionIRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/releases/2014-05-24/uberon.owl

New Ontology

• IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl
• VersionIRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/releases/2014-05-27/uberon.owl

Report for classes

Class objects lost from source: 0

Class objects new in target: 28

New Class : internal surface of frontal bone

• internal surface of frontal bone has obo namespace uberon
• internal surface of frontal bone SubClassOf part of some tetrapod frontal bone
• internal surface of frontal bone SubClassOf mesoderm-derived structure
• internal surface of frontal bone has exact synonym facies interna (os frontale) { database cross reference=FMA:52856 }
• internal surface of frontal bone SubClassOf zone of bone organ
• internal surface of frontal bone database cross reference FMA:52856
• internal surface of frontal bone SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
• internal surface of frontal bone label internal surface of frontal bone
• internal surface of frontal bone SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• internal surface of frontal bone id UBERON:0017690

New Class : internal surface of cranial base

• internal surface of cranial base definition internal (endosteal) surface of the base of skull
• internal surface of cranial base SubClassOf zone of bone organ
• internal surface of cranial base label internal surface of cranial base
• internal surface of cranial base SubClassOf mesoderm-derived structure
• internal surface of cranial base id UBERON:0017692
• internal surface of cranial base SubClassOf part of some basicranium
• internal surface of cranial base database cross reference FMA:53128
• internal surface of cranial base has obo namespace uberon

New Class : paired venous dural sinus

• paired venous dural sinus label paired venous dural sinus
• paired venous dural sinus SubClassOf venous dural sinus
• paired venous dural sinus id UBERON:0017635
• paired venous dural sinus has obo namespace uberon
• paired venous dural sinus database cross reference FMA:52568
• paired venous dural sinus has exact synonym paired dural venous sinus { database cross reference=FMA:52568 }

New Class : marginal venous sinus

• marginal venous sinus SubClassOf paired venous dural sinus
• marginal venous sinus definition A paired dural venous sinus at the rim of the foramen magnum. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20682099 }
• marginal venous sinus id UBERON:0017637
• marginal venous sinus SubClassOf develops from some primary head vein
• marginal venous sinus has obo namespace uberon
• marginal venous sinus has related synonym marginal sinus { database cross reference=FMA:50766 }
• marginal venous sinus database cross reference EHDAA2:0001064
• marginal venous sinus label marginal venous sinus
• marginal venous sinus database cross reference EHDAA:8693
• marginal venous sinus has exact synonym intracranial marginal sinus
• marginal venous sinus database cross reference FMA:50766

New Class : primitive marginal sinus

• primitive marginal sinus SubClassOf paired venous dural sinus
• primitive marginal sinus label primitive marginal sinus
• primitive marginal sinus has related synonym marginal sinus
• primitive marginal sinus SubClassOf develops from some primary head vein
• primitive marginal sinus SubClassOf part of some embryo
• primitive marginal sinus id UBERON:0017638
• primitive marginal sinus database cross reference EHDAA2:0001514
• primitive marginal sinus SubClassOf embryonic structure
• primitive marginal sinus definition The primitive marginal sinuses (PMS) are embryonic sinuses forming the later superior sagittal sinus. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22744799 }
• primitive marginal sinus has obo namespace uberon

New Class : sinus of von Szily

• sinus of von Szily id UBERON:0017639
• sinus of von Szily SubClassOf embryonic structure
• sinus of von Szily has related synonym marginal sinus
• sinus of von Szily has exact synonym marginal sinus (v. Szily)
• sinus of von Szily SubClassOf part of some optic cup
• sinus of von Szily SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• sinus of von Szily has obo namespace uberon
• sinus of von Szily comment Taxon notes: In humans, present in month 3-7 pc.
• sinus of von Szily label sinus of von Szily
• sinus of von Szily SubClassOf immature eye
• sinus of von Szily has exact synonym marginal sinus of von Szily
• sinus of von Szily definition A circular gap in the iris near the pupil between the layers of the optic cup (von Szily, 1902) { database cross reference=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413234 , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
• sinus of von Szily database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361511003

New Class : unpaired venous dural sinus

• unpaired venous dural sinus has exact synonym unpaired dural venous sinus { database cross reference=FMA:52569 }
• unpaired venous dural sinus id UBERON:0017640
• unpaired venous dural sinus label unpaired venous dural sinus
• unpaired venous dural sinus database cross reference FMA:52569
• unpaired venous dural sinus has obo namespace uberon
• unpaired venous dural sinus SubClassOf venous dural sinus

New Class : prevertebral muscle of neck

• prevertebral muscle of neck EquivalentTo prevertebral muscle and part of some neck
• prevertebral muscle of neck SubClassOf part of some neck
• prevertebral muscle of neck SubClassOf prevertebral muscle
• prevertebral muscle of neck has obo namespace uberon
• prevertebral muscle of neck id UBERON:0017647
• prevertebral muscle of neck label prevertebral muscle of neck
• prevertebral muscle of neck definition A prevertebral muscle that is part of a neck. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
• prevertebral muscle of neck SubClassOf muscle of neck
• prevertebral muscle of neck database cross reference MA:0003144

New Class : ventral body wall

• ventral body wall has obo namespace uberon
• ventral body wall id UBERON:0017648
• ventral body wall SubClassOf body wall
• ventral body wall definition The ventral part of the body wall { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
• ventral body wall label ventral body wall
• ventral body wall SubClassOf part of some ventrum

New Class : internal mammary vein

• internal mammary vein SubClassOf vein
• internal mammary vein definition One of two veins running parallel to their corresponding internal mammary arteries that unite forming one vessel. These veins drain the chest wall into the innominate vein. { database cross reference=ncithesaurus:Internal_Mammary_Vein }
• internal mammary vein database cross reference http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Internal_Mammary_Vein
• internal mammary vein database cross reference MA:0002148
• internal mammary vein has obo namespace uberon
• internal mammary vein label internal mammary vein
• internal mammary vein id UBERON:0017646

New Class : external thoracic vein

• external thoracic vein definition extension of the long thoracic vein that collects blood from the mammary glands { database cross reference=ISBM13:978-0226870137 }
• external thoracic vein database cross reference MA:0002236
• external thoracic vein has obo namespace uberon
• external thoracic vein SubClassOf thoracic vein
• external thoracic vein label external thoracic vein
• external thoracic vein has related synonym external mammary vein { database cross reference=ISBM13:978-0226870137 }
• external thoracic vein id UBERON:0017643

New Class : meningeal branch of spinal nerve

• meningeal branch of spinal nerve id UBERON:0017641
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve has exact synonym recurrent meningeal branch of spinal nerve { database cross reference=FMA:5988 }
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve definition Branch of spinal nerve that innervates the structures of the vertebral column. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_nerve , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve label meningeal branch of spinal nerve
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve database cross reference FMA:5988
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/308794007
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve has exact synonym sinuvertebral branch of spinal nerve { database cross reference=FMA:5988 }
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve has exact synonym ramus meningeus nervorum spinales { database cross reference=FMA:5988 }
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningeal_branches_of_spinal_nerve
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve has obo namespace uberon
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve SubClassOf branching part of some spinal nerve trunk
• meningeal branch of spinal nerve SubClassOf nerve

New Class : communicating branch of spinal nerve

• communicating branch of spinal nerve id UBERON:0017642
• communicating branch of spinal nerve has related synonym rami communicantes of spinal nerve { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rami_communicans }
• communicating branch of spinal nerve has obo namespace uberon
• communicating branch of spinal nerve label communicating branch of spinal nerve
• communicating branch of spinal nerve SubClassOf branching part of some spinal nerve trunk
• communicating branch of spinal nerve database cross reference FMA:5874
• communicating branch of spinal nerve database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/310727003
• communicating branch of spinal nerve SubClassOf nerve

New Class : dorsal body wall

• dorsal body wall SubClassOf body wall
• dorsal body wall id UBERON:0017649
• dorsal body wall SubClassOf part of some dorsum
• dorsal body wall definition The dorsal part of the body wall { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
• dorsal body wall label dorsal body wall
• dorsal body wall has obo namespace uberon

New Class : developing mesenchymal structure

• developing mesenchymal structure label developing mesenchymal structure
• developing mesenchymal structure id UBERON:0017650
• developing mesenchymal structure database cross reference AEO:0001016
• developing mesenchymal structure EquivalentTo developing anatomical structure and composed primarily of some mesenchyme
• developing mesenchymal structure has obo namespace uberon
• developing mesenchymal structure definition A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. { database cross reference=AEO:0001016 , database cross reference=AEO:JB }
• developing mesenchymal structure SubClassOf developing anatomical structure
• developing mesenchymal structure SubClassOf composed primarily of some mesenchyme

New Class : salivary gland primordium

• salivary gland primordium SubClassOf primordium
• salivary gland primordium has obo namespace uberon
• salivary gland primordium id UBERON:0017651
• salivary gland primordium EquivalentTo primordium and has potential to develop into some saliva-secreting gland
• salivary gland primordium label salivary gland primordium
• salivary gland primordium SubClassOf part of some embryo
• salivary gland primordium SubClassOf has potential to develop into some saliva-secreting gland

New Class : ventral surface of penis

• ventral surface of penis id UBERON:0017659
• ventral surface of penis has obo namespace uberon
• ventral surface of penis SubClassOf part of some penis
• ventral surface of penis database cross reference FMA:19624
• ventral surface of penis has exact synonym urethral surface of penis { database cross reference=FMA:19624 }
• ventral surface of penis SubClassOf reproductive structure
• ventral surface of penis SubClassOf male anatomical structure
• ventral surface of penis SubClassOf organism subdivision
• ventral surface of penis label ventral surface of penis
• ventral surface of penis SubClassOf in ventral side of some penis

New Class : intermaxillary gland (sensu Osteolepiformes)

• intermaxillary gland (sensu Osteolepiformes) SubClassOf gland
• intermaxillary gland (sensu Osteolepiformes) has obo namespace uberon
• intermaxillary gland (sensu Osteolepiformes) definition a gland lodged in a fossa formed mainly of dermal bones, situated wholly in front of the nasal capsules of Osteolepiformes. { database cross reference=http://www.briancoad.com/dictionary/complete%20dictionary.htm }
• intermaxillary gland (sensu Osteolepiformes) has broad synonym intermaxillary gland
• intermaxillary gland (sensu Osteolepiformes) label intermaxillary gland (sensu Osteolepiformes)
• intermaxillary gland (sensu Osteolepiformes) id UBERON:0017652

New Class : intermaxillary salivary gland

• intermaxillary salivary gland SubClassOf part of some roof of mouth
• intermaxillary salivary gland SubClassOf saliva-secreting gland
• intermaxillary salivary gland definition A gland located at the pre-nasal area being divided anteriorly by the ascendent processes of the intermaxillary bone. { database cross reference=http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751988000400003 }
• intermaxillary salivary gland has broad synonym intermaxillary gland
• intermaxillary salivary gland label intermaxillary salivary gland
• intermaxillary salivary gland present in taxon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_377294
• intermaxillary salivary gland has obo namespace uberon
• intermaxillary salivary gland comment taxon notes: The intermaxillary gland is the first salivary gland to appear in the vertebrate evolution. Its duct system is uniformly lined by ciliated cells and scattered secretory cells. This indicates that in the evolution, of salivary glands, there was a diversification of the duct system, together with progressxve concentration of secretory cells in special áreas of this system[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751988000400003]. Function notes: Although usually described in the literature as mucous, the secretory cells of the intermaxillary gland have serous characteristics.
• intermaxillary salivary gland id UBERON:0017653

New Class : buccal gland

• buccal gland definition any of the small racemose mucous glands in the mucous membrane lining the cheeks { database cross reference=http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/buccal%20gland }
• buccal gland has obo namespace uberon
• buccal gland EquivalentTo mucous gland and part of some cheek
• buccal gland label buccal gland
• buccal gland id UBERON:0017654
• buccal gland SubClassOf part of some cheek
• buccal gland has related synonym cheek gland
• buccal gland SubClassOf mucous gland
• buccal gland database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/25421004

New Class : bony part of cervical vertebral arch

• bony part of cervical vertebral arch EquivalentTo bony part of vertebral arch and part of some cervical vertebral arch
• bony part of cervical vertebral arch SubClassOf bony part of vertebral arch
• bony part of cervical vertebral arch has exact synonym bony part of arch of cervical vertebra { database cross reference=FMA:29794 }
• bony part of cervical vertebral arch label bony part of cervical vertebral arch
• bony part of cervical vertebral arch database cross reference FMA:29794
• bony part of cervical vertebral arch SubClassOf part of some cervical vertebral arch
• bony part of cervical vertebral arch has obo namespace uberon
• bony part of cervical vertebral arch id UBERON:0017670

New Class : bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra

• bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra has obo namespace uberon
• bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra id UBERON:0017671
• bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra label bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra
• bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra database cross reference FMA:32395
• bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra SubClassOf part of some sacral vertebra 1
• bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra has exact synonym bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral segment { database cross reference=FMA:32395 }
• bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra EquivalentTo bony part of vertebral arch and part of some sacral vertebra 1
• bony part of vertebral arch of first sacral vertebra SubClassOf bony part of vertebral arch

New Class : abdominal viscera

• abdominal viscera database cross reference FMA:32413
• abdominal viscera has exact synonym abdominal viscera { database cross reference=FMA:32413 }
• abdominal viscera id UBERON:0017672
• abdominal viscera has exact synonym set of abdominal viscera { database cross reference=FMA:32413 }
• abdominal viscera database cross reference FMA:67355
• abdominal viscera label abdominal viscera
• abdominal viscera SubClassOf abdomen organ
• abdominal viscera SubClassOf viscus
• abdominal viscera has exact synonym abdominal viscera set { database cross reference=FMA:32413 }
• abdominal viscera has obo namespace uberon
• abdominal viscera EquivalentTo viscus and part of some abdomen
• abdominal viscera SubClassOf part of some abdomen

New Class : hypothenar eminence

• hypothenar eminence label hypothenar eminence
• hypothenar eminence database cross reference FMA:61523
• hypothenar eminence id UBERON:0017717
• hypothenar eminence SubClassOf part of some palmar part of manus
• hypothenar eminence has exact synonym hypothenar part of palm { database cross reference=FMA:61523 }
• hypothenar eminence has obo namespace uberon
• hypothenar eminence database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothenar_eminence
• hypothenar eminence database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362749004
• hypothenar eminence SubClassOf organism subdivision

New Class : thenar eminence

• thenar eminence database cross reference FMA:61520
• thenar eminence label thenar eminence
• thenar eminence id UBERON:0017716
• thenar eminence has obo namespace uberon
• thenar eminence SubClassOf organism subdivision
• thenar eminence has exact synonym thenar part of palm { database cross reference=FMA:61520 }
• thenar eminence SubClassOf part of some palmar part of manus
• thenar eminence database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thenar_eminence
• thenar eminence database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362748007

New Class : lower primary incisor tooth

• lower primary incisor tooth label lower primary incisor tooth
• lower primary incisor tooth EquivalentTo primary incisor tooth and part of some lower jaw region
• lower primary incisor tooth database cross reference FMA:84215
• lower primary incisor tooth SubClassOf lower jaw incisor
• lower primary incisor tooth has obo namespace uberon
• lower primary incisor tooth id UBERON:0017748
• lower primary incisor tooth has exact synonym lower deciduous incisor tooth { database cross reference=FMA:84215 }
• lower primary incisor tooth SubClassOf part of some lower jaw region
• lower primary incisor tooth SubClassOf primary incisor tooth

New Class : withers

• withers comment Taxon notes: The withers in horses are formed by the dorsal spinal processes of roughly the 3rd through 11th thoracic vertebrae (most horses have 18 thoracic vertebrae), which are unusually long in this area. The processes at the withers can be more than 12 inches (30 cm) long.
• withers database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withers
• withers SubClassOf part of some dorsum
• withers database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/89778005
• withers label withers
• withers id UBERON:0017749
• withers has obo namespace uberon
• withers definition he ridge between the shoulder blades of a four-legged mammal. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withers }
• withers SubClassOf organism subdivision

New Class : raphe of scrotum

• raphe of scrotum SubClassOf part of some scrotum
• raphe of scrotum SubClassOf septum
• raphe of scrotum has obo namespace uberon
• raphe of scrotum label raphe of scrotum
• raphe of scrotum has exact synonym scrotal raphe { database cross reference=FMA:75130 }
• raphe of scrotum EquivalentTo septum and part of some scrotum
• raphe of scrotum database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/279583006
• raphe of scrotum SubClassOf reproductive structure
• raphe of scrotum SubClassOf male anatomical structure
• raphe of scrotum id UBERON:0017732
• raphe of scrotum database cross reference FMA:75130

Changed Class objects: 1101

Changes for: digit 3 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + digit 3 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym digit III digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 4 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + digit 4 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym digit IV digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 5 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + digit 5 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym digit V digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 2 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + digit 2 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym digit II digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 1 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + digit 1 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym digit I digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: lophophore

• Deleted
  • - lophophore comment In the Entoprocta the anus is within the ring of the lophophore
• Added
  • + lophophore taxon notes In the Entoprocta the anus is within the ring of the lophophore

Changes for: zeugopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + zeugopodial skeleton has exact synonym epipodial skeleton

Changes for: hyomandibular bone

• Deleted
  • - hyomandibular bone comment In most teleosts, there is a symplectic, and the hyomandibula articulates with it anteroventrally.
• Added
  • + hyomandibular bone taxon notes In most teleosts, there is a symplectic, and the hyomandibula articulates with it anteroventrally.

Changes for: neural plate of carapace

• Deleted
  • - neural plate of carapace comment In many species of Pleurodire they are submerged below the pleurals[WP]
• Added
  • + neural plate of carapace taxon notes In many species of Pleurodire they are submerged below the pleurals[WP]

Changes for: surangular bone

• Deleted
  • - surangular bone comment In some lepospondyls, and in frogs and salamanders, the surangular is absent. However, it becomes increasingly significant in the anthracosaur lineage. In turtles, it is one of the two principle bones of the lower jaw. In lepidosaurs, it is less important because of the development of a separate coronoid bone. In advanced lizards and pythonomorphs, it may fuse with the articular and perhaps other bones and loses its separate identity. In syanapsids, a secondary jaw joint develops between the surangular and the squamosal, which becomes the unique mammalian jaw articulation. However, the surangular fuses with the dentary and becomes the unitary mammalian “mandible” without a separate identity
• Added
  • + surangular bone taxon notes In some lepospondyls, and in frogs and salamanders, the surangular is absent. However, it becomes increasingly significant in the anthracosaur lineage. In turtles, it is one of the two principle bones of the lower jaw. In lepidosaurs, it is less important because of the development of a separate coronoid bone. In advanced lizards and pythonomorphs, it may fuse with the articular and perhaps other bones and loses its separate identity. In syanapsids, a secondary jaw joint develops between the surangular and the squamosal, which becomes the unique mammalian jaw articulation. However, the surangular fuses with the dentary and becomes the unitary mammalian ‘mandible’ without a separate identity

Changes for: dorsal head of rib

• Deleted
  • - dorsal head of rib comment . Terminology notes: sometimes called the tuberculum, but not to be confused with the tubercle, which is between body and neck
• Added
  • + dorsal head of rib terminology notes sometimes called the tuberculum, but not to be confused with the tubercle, which is between body and neck

Changes for: secondary remex feather

• Deleted
  • - secondary remex feather comment In some species, the ligaments that bind these remiges to the bone connect to small, rounded projections, known as quill knobs, on the ulna; in other species, no such knobs exist. Secondary feathers remain close together in flight (they cannot be individually separated like the primaries can) and help to provide lift by creating the airfoil shape of the bird’s wing. Secondaries tend to be shorter and broader than primaries, with blunter ends
• Added
  • + secondary remex feather taxon notes In some species, the ligaments that bind these remiges to the bone connect to small, rounded projections, known as quill knobs, on the ulna; in other species, no such knobs exist. Secondary feathers remain close together in flight (they cannot be individually separated like the primaries can) and help to provide lift by creating the airfoil shape of the bird’s wing. Secondaries tend to be shorter and broader than primaries, with blunter ends

Changes for: manual digit 5 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym manual digit V plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym manual digit IV plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym manual digit III plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym manual digit II plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym pedal digit V plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym pedal digit IV plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 1 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym pedal digit I plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym pedal digit III plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym pedal digit II plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym manual digit I plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: musculus rectus abdominis profundus

• Deleted
  • - m. rectus abdominis profundus label m. rectus abdominis profundus
• Added
  • + musculus rectus abdominis profundus label musculus rectus abdominis profundus

Changes for: follicle placode

• Deleted
  • - follicle placode comment Includes hair and feather follicles
• Added
  • + follicle placode curator notes Includes hair and feather follicles

Changes for: acinus of parotid gland

• Deleted
  • - acinus of parotid gland SubClassOf acinus of exocrine gland
  • - acinus of parotid gland SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + acinus of parotid gland SubClassOf acinus of salivary gland

Changes for: collagen fibril

• Deleted
  • - collagen fibril comment Note the FMA class specifically refers to ureter // see also: UBERON:0007377
• Added
  • + collagen fibril comment see also: UBERON:0007377
  • + collagen fibril external ontology notes the FMA class specifically refers to ureter { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: anterior uvea

• Deleted
  • - anterior uvea SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + anterior uvea SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: flexor hallucis brevis muscle

• Deleted
  • - flexor hallucis brevis muscle definition The Flexor hallucis brevis arises, by a pointed tendinous process, from the medial part of the under surface of the cuboid bone, from the contiguous portion of the third cuneiform, and from the prolongation of the tendon of the Tibialis posterior which is attached to that bone. It divides in front into two portions, which are inserted into the medial and lateral sides of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, a sesamoid bone being present in each tendon at its insertion. The medial portion is blended with the Abductor hallucis previous to its insertion; the lateral portion with the Adductor hallucis; the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus lies in a groove between them; the lateral portion is sometimes described as the first Interosseous plantaris. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle }
• Added
  • + flexor hallucis brevis muscle definition A muscle that originates from the cuboid bone and divides into two portions, which are inserted into the medial and lateral sides of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, a sesamoid bone being present in each tendon at its insertion. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle }

Changes for: lobule of lactiferous gland

• Deleted
  • - lobule of lactiferous gland comment TODO - ensure correct terminology for lobes/lobules. FMA uses lobule for core term, but also has ‘set of mammary gland lobes’. ISBN10:0123813611 states no separate lobes in mouse
• Added
  • + lobule of lactiferous gland editor note TODO - ensure correct terminology for lobes/lobules. FMA uses lobule for core term, but also has ‘set of mammary gland lobes’. ISBN10:0123813611 states no separate lobes in mouse

Changes for: paracentral nucleus

• Deleted
  • - paracentral nucleus comment todo - relationships
• Added
  • + paracentral nucleus editor note TODO - relationships

Changes for: gingival epithelium

• Deleted
  • - gingival epithelium comment In humans: 15% orthokeratinized, 75% parakeratinized, 10% non-keratinized; diurnal; decreased keratinization with age. Note that in FMA this is classified as keratinized squamous - this perhaps refers to the epithelium of the attached or free gingiva
• Added
  • + gingival epithelium taxon notes In humans: 15% orthokeratinized, 75% parakeratinized, 10% non-keratinized; diurnal; decreased keratinization with age. Note that in FMA this is classified as keratinized squamous - this perhaps refers to the epithelium of the attached or free gingiva

Changes for: epithelium of esophagus

• Deleted
  • - epithelium of esophagus comment todo check epithelium types: in FMA: Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; mouse has basal and squamous subtypes; in ZFA it is columnar
• Added
  • + epithelium of esophagus editor note TODO check epithelium types: in FMA: Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; mouse has basal and squamous subtypes; in ZFA it is columnar

Changes for: substance of tooth

• Deleted
  • - substance of tooth comment note the asserted dual parentage. This is deliberate, pending better definitions of the distinction between substance and tissue

Changes for: fibrocartilage

• Deleted
  • - fibrocartilage comment The white fibrocartilages admit of arrangement into four groups—interarticular, connecting, circumferential, and stratiform – WP. TODO: add mineralized
• Added
  • + fibrocartilage comment The white fibrocartilages admit of arrangement into four groups—interarticular, connecting, circumferential, and stratiform – WP. EDITOR NOTE: TODO add mineralized

Changes for: humeroradial joint

• Deleted
  • - humeroradial joint definition The humeroradial joint, the joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus, is a hinge joint. The bony surfaces would of themselves constitute an enarthrosis and allow movement in all directions, were it not for the annular ligament, by which the head of the radius is bound to the radial notch of the ulna, and which prevents any separation of the two bones laterally. It is to the same ligament that the head of the radius owes its security from dislocation, which would otherwise tend to occur, from the shallowness of the cup-like surface on the head of the radius. In fact, but for this ligament, the tendon of the Biceps brachii would be liable to pull the head of the radius out of the joint. The head of the radius is not in complete contact with the capitulum of the humerus in all positions of the joint. The capitulum occupies only the anterior and inferior surfaces of the lower end of the humerus, so that in complete extension a part of the radial head can be plainly felt projecting at the back of the articulation. In full flexion the movement of the radial head is hampered by the compression of the surrounding soft parts, so that the freest rotatory movement of the radius on the humerus (pronation and supination) takes place in semiflexion, in which position the two articular surfaces are in most intimate contact. Flexion and extension of the elbow-joint are limited by the tension of the structures on the front and back of the joint; the limitation of flexion is also aided by the soft structures of the arm and forearm coming into contact. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humeroradial_joint }
• Added
  • + humeroradial joint definition A hinge joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humeroradial_joint , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: blood vessel

• Deleted
  • - blood vessel comment Taxon notes: annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids.
• Added
  • + blood vessel taxon notes annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids.

Changes for: intermetatarsal joint

• Deleted
  • - intermetatarsal joint comment In humans: The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb[WP]
• Added
  • + intermetatarsal joint taxon notes In humans: The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb[WP]

Changes for: root of vagus nerve

• Deleted
  • - root of vagus nerve comment FMA distinguishes between roots and rootlets - we mix the two here
• Added
  • + root of vagus nerve comment AO notes: FMA distinguishes between roots and rootlets - we mix the two here

Changes for: urachus mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - urachus mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a urachus. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + urachus mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing urachus. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: inferior central nucleus

• Deleted
  • - inferior central nucleus comment todo - compare with UBERON:0002881
• Added
  • + inferior central nucleus editor note TODO - compare with UBERON:0002881 ! sublingual nucleus; also to dorsal raphe nucleus. Check if the same as ZFA ‘inferior raphe nucleus’. See comments on https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3248146&group_id=36855

Changes for: somatic nerve plexus

• Deleted
  • - somatic nerve plexus comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + somatic nerve plexus editor note TODO - check

Changes for: conjunctiva

• Added
  • + conjunctiva SubClassOf develops from some external ectoderm

Changes for: nerve plexus

• Deleted
  • - nerve plexus comment in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue
• Added
  • + nerve plexus external ontology notes in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: pedal acropodium region

• Deleted
  • - pedal acropodium region comment Usage Notes: class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones
• Added
  • + pedal acropodium region curator notes class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones

Changes for: acropodium region

• Deleted
  • - acropodium region comment Usage Notes: class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones
• Added
  • + acropodium region curator notes class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones

Changes for: manual acropodium region

• Deleted
  • - manual acropodium region comment Usage Notes: class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones
• Added
  • + manual acropodium region curator notes class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones

Changes for: retrocerebral complex

• Deleted
  • - retrocerebral complex comment To be ceded to ARTHRO
• Added
  • + retrocerebral complex comment will be ceded to arthropod anatomy ontology

Changes for: choroid plexus

• Deleted
  • - choroid plexus comment TODO - check relationship to ventricle. Check subclass - ZFA says vasculature. Note that FMA:61934 (choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere) has exact synonym ‘choroid plexus’ but it is not clear that this belongs here, as the fourth ventricle is not in the cerebral hemisphere
• Added
  • + choroid plexus editor note TODO - check relationship to ventricle. Check subclass - ZFA says vasculature. Note that FMA:61934 (choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere) has exact synonym ‘choroid plexus’ but it is not clear that this belongs here, as the fourth ventricle is not in the cerebral hemisphere

Changes for: lacrimal duct

• Deleted
  • - lacrimal duct comment todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal
• Added
  • + lacrimal duct editor note TODO - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 4

• Added
  • + nail of pedal digit 4 has exact synonym nail of pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 5

• Added
  • + nail of pedal digit 5 has exact synonym nail of pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: semicircular duct

• Deleted
  • - semicircular duct comment TODO - check canal vs duct. see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray927.png
• Added
  • + semicircular duct editor note TODO - check canal vs duct. see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray927.png

Changes for: cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

• Deleted
  • - cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth comment TODO: check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media
• Added
  • + cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth editor note TODO - check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 3

• Added
  • + nail of pedal digit 3 has exact synonym nail of pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: semicircular canal

• Deleted
  • - semicircular canal definition One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations[ZFIN]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicircular_canal , database cross reference=ZFIN:curator }
• Added
  • + semicircular canal definition One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicircular_canal }

Changes for: minor salivary gland

• Deleted
  • - minor salivary gland SubClassOf part of some exocrine system
  • - minor salivary gland definition the smaller, largely mucus-secreting, exocrine glands of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine glands[MP]. There are over 600 minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity within the lamina propria of the oral mucosa. They are 1-2mm in diameter and unlike the other glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue only surrounded by it. The gland is usually a number of acini connected in a tiny lobule. A minor salivary gland may have a common excretory duct with another gland, or may have its own excretory duct. Their secretion is mainly mucous in nature (except for Von Ebner’s glands) and have many functions such as coating the oral cavity with saliva. Problems with dentures are usually associated with minor salivary glands[WP]. { database cross reference=Minor Salivary Glands , database cross reference=MP:0003791 }
• Added
  • + minor salivary gland comment There are over 600 minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity within the lamina propria of the oral mucosa. They are 1-2mm in diameter and unlike the other glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue only surrounded by it. The gland is usually a number of acini connected in a tiny lobule. A minor salivary gland may have a common excretory duct with another gland, or may have its own excretory duct. Their secretion is mainly mucous in nature (except for Von Ebner’s glands) and have many functions such as coating the oral cavity with saliva[WP].
  • + minor salivary gland definition One of the smaller, largely mucus-secreting, exocrine glands of the oral cavity, consisting of the labial, buccal, molar, lingual, and palatine glands[MP]. { database cross reference=Minor Salivary Glands , database cross reference=MP:0003791 }

Changes for: parotid gland

• Added
  • + parotid gland SubClassOf buccal salivary gland

Changes for: saliva

• Deleted
  • - saliva comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - saliva definition In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin[GO]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva , database cross reference=GO:0046541 }
• Added
  • + saliva comment Taxon notes: We classify a wide variety of not necessarily homologous fluids here. In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin[GO]
  • + saliva definition A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva , database cross reference=GO:0046541 }

Changes for: sublingual duct

• Deleted
  • - sublingual duct definition The excretory ducts of the sublingual gland are from eight to twenty in number. Of the smaller sublingual ducts (ducts of Rivinus), some join the submandibular duct; others open separately into the mouth, on the elevated crest of mucous membrane (plica sublingualis), caused by the projection of the gland, on either side of the frenulum linguae. One or more join to form the major sublingual duct (larger sublingual duct, duct of Bartholin), which opens into the submandibular duct. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublingual_duct }
• Added
  • + sublingual duct definition A duct of a sublingual gland. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: duct of salivary gland

• Deleted
  • - duct of salivary gland comment check taxonomy coverage - define functionally?
  • - duct of salivary gland definition An intralobular duct found in salivary glands and involved in the production and transport of their secretions[BTO]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_duct , database cross reference=BTO:0005115 }
• Added
  • + duct of salivary gland definition The duct of a salivary gland. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: carpometacarpal joint of digit 1

• Added
  • + carpometacarpal joint of digit 1 has exact synonym carpometacarpal joint of digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: sweat gland

• Deleted
  • - sweat gland comment todo - check if all sweat glands are epidermal - see EMAPA:29743
• Added
  • + sweat gland editor note TODO - check if all sweat glands are epidermal - see EMAPA:29743

Changes for: nasal cavity mucosa

• Deleted
  • - nasal cavity mucosa comment TODO - check lining vs part of. split olfactory and nasal mucosa?
• Added
  • + nasal cavity mucosa editor note TODO - check lining vs part of. split olfactory and nasal mucosa?

Changes for: nail of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + nail of manual digit 4 has exact synonym nail of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: nail of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + nail of manual digit 5 has exact synonym nail of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: major salivary gland

• Deleted
  • - major salivary gland SubClassOf oral gland
  • - major salivary gland SubClassOf part of some mouth
  • - major salivary gland comment There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands in human and mouse[ISBN10:0123813611]
  • - major salivary gland definition the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. { database cross reference=MP:0003792 }
• Added
  • + major salivary gland SubClassOf saliva-secreting gland
  • + major salivary gland comment Taxon notes: There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands in human and mouse[ISBN10:0123813611]
  • + major salivary gland definition One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. { database cross reference=MP:0003792 }

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 1

• Added
  • + nail of pedal digit 1 has exact synonym nail of pedal digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: nail of pedal digit 2

• Added
  • + nail of pedal digit 2 has exact synonym nail of pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: nail of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + nail of manual digit 1 has exact synonym nail of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: nail of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + nail of manual digit 2 has exact synonym nail of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: nail of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + nail of manual digit 3 has exact synonym nail of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: hyoepiglottic muscle

• Deleted
  • - hyoepiglottic muscle comment Developed in mammals other than human. TODO: add relationship to hyoepiglottic ligament.
• Added
  • + hyoepiglottic muscle comment Developed in mammals other than human. EDITOR NOTE: TODO add relationship to hyoepiglottic ligament.

Changes for: pigmented layer of retina

• Deleted
  • - pigmented layer of retina comment editor note - we follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers

Changes for: vitreous chamber of eyeball

• Deleted
  • - vitreous chamber of eyeball definition The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the human eye, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the Iris but anterior to the lens. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_chamber }
• Added
  • + vitreous chamber of eyeball definition The posterior chamber is a narrow chink behind the peripheral part of the iris of the eye, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes the Posterior Chamber consists of small space directly posterior of the iris but anterior to the lens. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_chamber }

Changes for: vitreous body

• Deleted
  • - vitreous body comment Note - in many AOs these are exact synonyms, but FMA has a part of link between portion of vitreous humor and this
• Added
  • + vitreous body SubClassOf has developmental contribution from some neurectoderm
  • + vitreous body external ontology notes in many AOs these are exact synonyms, but FMA has a part of link between portion of vitreous humor and this { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: inner limiting layer of retina

• Deleted
  • - inner limiting layer of retina comment TODO - check frog/fish
• Added
  • + inner limiting layer of retina editor note TODO - check frog/fish

Changes for: lacrimal apparatus

• Deleted
  • - lacrimal apparatus comment todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal. AO notes: this is an eye appendage in ncit, along with eyelid and eyebrow. in MA, part of eye surface part_of eye
• Added
  • + lacrimal apparatus SubClassOf develops from some external ectoderm
  • + lacrimal apparatus editor note TODO - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal
  • + lacrimal apparatus external ontology notes this is an eye appendage in ncit, along with eyelid and eyebrow. in MA, part of eye surface part_of eye { external ontology=ncit }

Changes for: distal part of styloid process of temporal bone

• Deleted
  • - distal part of styloid process of temporal bone comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + distal part of styloid process of temporal bone editor note TODO - check

Changes for: sclera

• Deleted
  • - sclera SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
  • - sclera SubClassOf has developmental contribution from some mesoderm
  • - sclera SubClassOf has developmental contribution from some neural crest
  • - sclera SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
• Added
  • + sclera SubClassOf develops from some eye mesenchyme
  • + sclera SubClassOf develops from some mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
  • + sclera SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: corneal epithelium

• Added
  • + corneal epithelium SubClassOf develops from some external ectoderm

Changes for: ciliary body

• Deleted
  • - ciliary body SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + ciliary body SubClassOf develops from some neurectoderm
  • + ciliary body SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: muscle of trunk

• Deleted
  • - muscle of trunk comment TODO - check muscle organ vs musculature
• Added
  • + muscle of trunk editor note TODO - check muscle organ vs musculature

Changes for: lacrimal canaliculus

• Deleted
  • - lacrimal canaliculus comment todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal
• Added
  • + lacrimal canaliculus editor note TODO - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal

Changes for: substantia propria of cornea

• Deleted
  • - substantia propria of cornea SubClassOf develops from some neural crest
  • - substantia propria of cornea has exact synonym cornea stroma
  • - substantia propria of cornea has exact synonym corneal stroma
• Added
  • + substantia propria of cornea SubClassOf develops from some mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
  • + substantia propria of cornea has exact synonym corneal stroma { database cross reference=MA:0001245 }

Changes for: ciliary epithelium

• Added
  • + ciliary epithelium SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: iris stroma

• Deleted
  • - iris stroma SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + iris stroma SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: iris

• Deleted
  • - iris SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + iris SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: uvea

• Deleted
  • - uvea comment TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284
• Added
  • + uvea editor note TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus

Changes for: oculomotor nuclear complex

• Deleted
  • - oculomotor nuclear complex definition The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From this nucleus the fibers pass forward through the tegmentum, the red nucleus, and the medial part of the substantia nigra, forming a series of curves with a lateral convexity, and emerge from the oculomotor sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral peduncle. The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve does not consist of a continuous column of cells, but is broken up into a number of smaller nuclei, which are arranged in two groups, anterior and posterior. Those of the posterior group are six in number, five of which are symmetrical on the two sides of the middle line, while the sixth is centrally placed and is common to the nerves of both sides. The anterior group consists of two nuclei, an antero-medial and an antero-lateral . The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve, considered from a physiological standpoint, can be subdivided into several smaller groups of cells, each group controlling a particular muscle. A nearby nucleus, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, is responsible for the autonomic functions of the oculomotor nerve, including pupillary constriction and lens accommodation. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_of_oculomotor_nerve }
• Added
  • + oculomotor nuclear complex definition Nuclear complex containing subnuclei that give rise to the axons of the occulomotor nerve, both motor and parasympathetic fibers, situated at the midline at the level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain tegmentum (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533-534). { database cross reference=Neurolex:birnlex_1240 }

Changes for: jaw skeleton

• Deleted
  • - jaw skeleton comment TODO: move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). Editor notes: in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates. Development notes: There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983).
• Added
  • + jaw skeleton development notes There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983).
  • + jaw skeleton editor note TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). Editor notes: in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates

Changes for: nail

• Deleted
  • - nail comment TODO: check claw vs nail. A primate’s nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared.
• Added
  • + nail editor note TODO - check claw vs nail. A primate’s nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared.

Changes for: neurocranium

• Deleted
  • - neurocranium comment AO notes: It seems MA uses ‘neurocranium’ as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, …
• Added
  • + neurocranium external ontology notes It seems MA uses ‘neurocranium’ as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, … { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: nasopharynx

• Deleted
  • - nasopharynx comment In humans: in front it communicates through the choanae with the nasal cavities. On its lateral wall is the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus tubarius or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane
• Added
  • + nasopharynx taxon notes In humans - in front it communicates through the choanae with the nasal cavities. On its lateral wall is the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus tubarius or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane

Changes for: tongue

• Deleted
  • - tongue comment Pharyngeal Arch Contributions
• Added
  • + tongue development notes Pharyngeal Arch Contributions
  • + tongue editor note in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence. Taxon notes: Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods

Changes for: central retinal vein

• Deleted
  • - central retinal vein SubClassOf brain blood vessel
  • - central retinal vein SubClassOf vein
  • - central retinal vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - central retinal vein has exact synonym retinal vein
• Added
  • + central retinal vein SubClassOf craniocervical region vein
  • + central retinal vein SubClassOf develops from part of some hyaloid vein
  • + central retinal vein SubClassOf drains some retina
  • + central retinal vein SubClassOf head blood vessel
  • + central retinal vein SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure
  • + central retinal vein SubClassOf part of some camera-type eye
  • + central retinal vein has exact synonym retinal vein { database cross reference=MA:0002213 }

Changes for: lacrimal bone

• Deleted
  • - lacrimal bone comment In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species[WP, ISBN 0-03-910284-X]
• Added
  • + lacrimal bone taxon notes In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species[WP, ISBN 0-03-910284-X]

Changes for: exoccipital bone

• Deleted
  • - exoccipital bone comment TODO - check FMA - currently we place this as both of a zone of bone organ and an (endochondral) bone. Removed endochondral bone classification for now, violates disjointness axiom
• Added
  • + exoccipital bone editor note TODO - check FMA - currently we place this as both of a zone of bone organ and an (endochondral) bone. Removed endochondral bone classification for now, violates disjointness axiom

Changes for: basioccipital bone

• Deleted
  • - basioccipital bone comment TODO - check FMA
• Added
  • + basioccipital bone editor note TODO - check FMA

Changes for: lower digestive tract

• Deleted
  • - lower digestive tract comment WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L
• Added
  • + lower digestive tract external ontology notes WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: upper digestive tract

• Deleted
  • - upper digestive tract comment WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus
• Added
  • + upper digestive tract external ontology notes WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: subdivision of digestive tract

• Deleted
  • - subdivision of digestive tract comment intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct.
• Added
  • + subdivision of digestive tract curator notes intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct.

Changes for: cuneate fasciculus of medulla

• Deleted
  • - cuneate fasciculus of medulla comment TODO - change definition to be the whole of the CF in the MO. isa parentage to fasciculus of brain should be inferred
• Added
  • + cuneate fasciculus of medulla editor note TODO - change definition to be the whole of the CF in the MO. isa parentage to fasciculus of brain should be inferred

Changes for: motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

• Deleted
  • - motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve comment note this in ZFA this is part of the medulla; pons is a dubious structure for zebrafish
• Added
  • + motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve external ontology notes this in ZFA this is part of the medulla; pons is a dubious structure for zebrafish { external ontology=ZFA }

Changes for: oculomotor nerve fibers

• Deleted
  • - oculomotor nerve fibers comment todo - make subclass of root of cranial nerve
• Added
  • + oculomotor nerve fibers editor note TODO - make subclass of root of cranial nerve

Changes for: digestive tract

• Deleted
  • - digestive tract comment AO notes: FMA also has a term ‘gastrointestinal tract’, but this includes the liver.
• Added
  • + digestive tract external ontology notes FMA also has a term ‘gastrointestinal tract’, but this includes the liver. { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: orbicularis oculi muscle

• Deleted
  • - orbicularis oculi definition A circumorbital muscle in the face that closes the eyelid[HP]. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbicularis_oculi_muscle }
  • - orbicularis oculi has exact synonym orbicularis oculi muscle { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbicularis_oculi_muscle }
  • - orbicularis oculi label orbicularis oculi
• Added
  • + orbicularis oculi muscle comment It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted]. [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
  • + orbicularis oculi muscle definition A circumorbital muscle in the face that closes the eyelid[HP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbicularis_oculi_muscle }
  • + orbicularis oculi muscle has exact synonym orbicularis oculi { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbicularis_oculi_muscle }
  • + orbicularis oculi muscle label orbicularis oculi muscle

Changes for: longus capitis muscle

• Deleted
  • - longus capitis muscle definition The longus capitis (rectus capitis anticus major), broad and thick above, narrow below, arises by four tendinous slips, from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and ascends, converging toward its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It is innervated by a branch of cervical plexus. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longus_capitis_muscle }
• Added
  • + longus capitis muscle comment Action notes: flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint
  • + longus capitis muscle definition A muscle that arises by four tendinous slips from the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae and inserts into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone.[WP,modified]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longus_capitis_muscle }

Changes for: constrictor muscle of pharynx

• Deleted
  • - constrictor muscle of pharynx comment TODO - evaluate taxonomic specificity - functional definition?
• Added
  • + constrictor muscle of pharynx editor note TODO - evaluate taxonomic specificity - functional definition?

Changes for: embryoid body

• Deleted
  • - embryoid body comment In future this class may be ceded to another ontology if it falls outside the scope of in-vivo, non-pathological biology
• Added
  • + embryoid body editor note in future this class may be ceded to another ontology if it falls outside the scope of in-vivo, non-pathological biology

Changes for: subclavian vein

• Deleted
  • - subclavian vein definition In human anatomy, the subclavian veins are two large veins, one on either side of the body. Its diameter is approximately that of the small finger. It is divided into right and left subclavian vein. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclavian_vein }
• Added
  • + subclavian vein definition The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body. Their diameter is approximately that of the smallest finger. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclavian_vein }

Changes for: anterior vena cava

• Deleted
  • - anterior vena cava comment The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). In the mouse, The right pulmonary vein passes dorsal to the right superior vena cava, the left pulmonary dorsal to the left superior vena cava (Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Green).
  • - anterior vena cava definition Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins and terminates in the right atrium. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_vena_cava }
• Added
  • + anterior vena cava definition A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_vena_cava , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + anterior vena cava taxon notes The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). In the mouse, The right pulmonary vein passes dorsal to the right superior vena cava, the left pulmonary dorsal to the left superior vena cava (Biology of the Laboratory Mouse, Green).

Changes for: kidney collecting duct epithelium

• Deleted
  • - kidney collecting duct epithelium comment In mouse, the mature and differentiated CD epithelium comprises two unique cells types with principal cells responsible for vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, and intercalated cells regulating acid-base homeostasis; injury to the epithelium is believed to cause epithelial cells to acquire mesenchymal characteristics via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process through which tubular epithelial cells may transform into interstitial fibroblasts and promote renal fibrosis
• Added
  • + kidney collecting duct epithelium taxon notes In mouse, the mature and differentiated CD epithelium comprises two unique cells types with principal cells responsible for vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, and intercalated cells regulating acid-base homeostasis; injury to the epithelium is believed to cause epithelial cells to acquire mesenchymal characteristics via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process through which tubular epithelial cells may transform into interstitial fibroblasts and promote renal fibrosis

Changes for: internal thoracic vein

• Deleted
  • - internal thoracic vein SubClassOf vein
  • - internal thoracic vein definition In human anatomy, the internal thoracic vein (previously known as the internal mammary vein) is a vessel that drains the chest wall and mamma, a term used for breast in anatomy. Bilaterally, it arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_thoracic_vein }
  • - internal thoracic vein editor note check relationship to ‘internal mammary vein’ in MA
• Added
  • + internal thoracic vein SubClassOf thoracic vein
  • + internal thoracic vein definition A vessel that drains the chest wall and breats and arises from the superior epigastric vein, accompanies the internal thoracic artery along its course and terminates in the brachiocephalic vein.. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_thoracic_vein }

Changes for: femur cartilage element

• Deleted
  • - femur cartilage element comment TODO - request EHDAA2
• Added
  • + femur cartilage element editor note TODO - request EHDAA2

Changes for: future inferior salivatory nucleus

• Deleted
  • - future inferior salivatory nucleus comment TODO - devfrom
• Added
  • + future inferior salivatory nucleus editor note TODO - devfrom

Changes for: forelimb stylopod

• Deleted
  • - forelimb stylopod comment WP states: anatomical usage, the term arm refers specifically to the segment between the shoulder and the elbow, while the segment between the elbow and wrist is the forearm. However, in common, literary, and historical usage, arm refers to the entire upper limb from shoulder to wrist. FMA uses the term Arm for this class, so we place it here. // comment: todo - check fore propodium in AAO // Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here
• Added
  • + forelimb stylopod comment WP states: anatomical usage, the term arm refers specifically to the segment between the shoulder and the elbow, while the segment between the elbow and wrist is the forearm. However, in common, literary, and historical usage, arm refers to the entire upper limb from shoulder to wrist. FMA uses the term Arm for this class, so we place it here. // comment: editor note: TODO - check fore propodium in AAO // Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here

Changes for: basal nucleus of telencephalon

• Deleted
  • - basal nucleus of telencephalon comment . Location notes: The NBM is inferior to the globus pallidus and within an area known as the substantia innominata
• Added
  • + basal nucleus of telencephalon comment Location notes: The NBM is inferior to the globus pallidus and within an area known as the substantia innominata

Changes for: spiracle

• Deleted
  • - spiracle comment Taxon notes: In elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), a spiracle is found behind each eye, and is often used to pump water through the gills while the animal is at rest (Fouts, 2003). A spiracle is also found in primitive bony fishes as the chirrups.
• Added
  • + spiracle taxon notes In elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), a spiracle is found behind each eye, and is often used to pump water through the gills while the animal is at rest (Fouts, 2003). A spiracle is also found in primitive bony fishes as the chirrups.

Changes for: ciliary muscle

• Deleted
  • - ciliary muscle SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
• Added
  • + ciliary muscle SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: muscle of iris

• Deleted
  • - muscle of iris comment 331
• Added
  • + muscle of iris SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure
  • + muscle of iris comment 331

Changes for: sphincter pupillae

• Added
  • + sphincter pupillae SubClassOf develops from some neurectoderm

Changes for: oral gland

• Deleted
  • - oral gland comment Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here
  • - oral gland database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/25421004
  • - oral gland has exact synonym buccal gland
  • - oral gland has exact synonym gland of oral opening { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - oral gland has exact synonym gland of oral part of face { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - oral gland has exact synonym gland of subdivision of mouth { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - oral gland has exact synonym oral opening gland { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - oral gland has exact synonym oral part of face gland { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - oral gland has exact synonym oral region gland { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - oral gland has exact synonym subdivision of mouth gland { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - oral gland has related synonym oral cavity gland { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + oral gland comment Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa
  • + oral gland has narrow synonym buccal gland
  • + oral gland has related synonym gland of oral opening
  • + oral gland has related synonym gland of oral region
  • + oral gland has related synonym mouth gland
  • + oral gland has related synonym oral cavity gland
  • + oral gland has related synonym oral region gland

Changes for: dilatator pupillae

• Added
  • + dilatator pupillae SubClassOf develops from some neurectoderm

Changes for: spermatic artery

• Deleted
  • - spermatic artery SubClassOf genital artery

Changes for: bone of pelvis

• Deleted
  • - bone of pelvis comment In MA, this is the superclass of the 3 innominate elements (pelvic girdle bones) and caudal and sacral vertebrae. This class is included to ensure consistency across anatomical ontologies
• Added
  • + bone of pelvis external ontology notes in MA, this is the superclass of the 3 innominate elements (pelvic girdle bones) and caudal and sacral vertebrae. This class is included to ensure consistency across anatomical ontologies { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: food storage organ

• Deleted
  • - food storage organ comment This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates
• Added
  • + food storage organ curator notes This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates

Changes for: tympanic plate

• Deleted
  • - tympanic plate comment Consider merging with tympanic ring. See discussion page on wikipedia page for ectotympanic. todo: distinguish ecto- and ento- tympanics
• Added
  • + tympanic plate comment Consider merging with tympanic ring. See discussion page on wikipedia page for ectotympanic. editor note: TODO distinguish ecto- and ento- tympanics

Changes for: central retinal artery

• Deleted
  • - central retinal artery SubClassOf artery
• Added
  • + central retinal artery SubClassOf branching part of some ophthalmic artery
  • + central retinal artery SubClassOf develops from part of some hyaloid artery
  • + central retinal artery SubClassOf head blood vessel
  • + central retinal artery SubClassOf mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
  • + central retinal artery SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure
  • + central retinal artery SubClassOf part of some camera-type eye
  • + central retinal artery SubClassOf supplies some retina
  • + central retinal artery SubClassOf systemic artery

Changes for: right lung accessory lobe

• Deleted
  • - right lung accessory lobe comment In mouse this is sometimes divided into intermediate and diaphragmatic lobes[ISBN10:0123813611] // In humans, the right lung typically has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior). The lobar fissures are often incomplete, making a connection between two apposed lobes. Conversely, more than the expected number of lobes may be produced by new fissures e.g. the azygous lobe of the lung. The additional lobes are termed ‘accessory lobes’ – http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1120927803
• Added
  • + right lung accessory lobe comment In humans, the right lung typically has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior). The lobar fissures are often incomplete, making a connection between two apposed lobes. Conversely, more than the expected number of lobes may be produced by new fissures e.g. the azygous lobe of the lung. The additional lobes are termed ‘accessory lobes’ – http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1120927803
  • + right lung accessory lobe taxon notes In mouse this is sometimes divided into intermediate and diaphragmatic lobes[ISBN10:0123813611]

Changes for: vein

• Deleted
  • - vein comment TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel
• Added
  • + vein editor note TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel

Changes for: transverse sinus

• Deleted
  • - transverse sinus SubClassOf venous sinus
  • - transverse sinus comment todo - check su
  • - transverse sinus definition The transverse sinuses (left and right lateral sinuses), within a human head, are two areas beneath the brain, which allow blood veins to span the area, from the back of the head towards the nose. They drain from the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus (along the top and back of the brain) to the sigmoid sinuses (at the center of the head), at the internal jugular vein. See diagram (at right): labeled under the brain as ‘’ . The transverse sinuses are of large size and begin at the internal occipital protuberance; one, generally the right, being the direct continuation of the superior sagittal sinus, the other of the straight sinus. Each transverse sinus passes lateralward and forward, describing a slight curve with its convexity upward, to the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and lies, in this part of its course, in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli; it then leaves the tentorium and curves downward and medialward to reach the jugular foramen, where it ends in the internal jugular vein. In its course it rests upon the squama of the occipital, the mastoid angle of the parietal, the mastoid part of the temporal, and, just before its termination, the jugular process of the occipital; the portion which occupies the groove on the mastoid part of the temporal is sometimes termed the sigmoid sinus. The transverse sinuses are frequently of unequal size, with the one formed by the superior sagittal sinus being the larger; they increase in size as they proceed, from back to center. On transverse section, the horizontal portion exhibits a prismatic form, the curved portion has a semicylindrical form. They receive the blood from the superior petrosal sinuses at the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; they communicate with the veins of the pericranium by means of the mastoid and condyloid emissary veins; and they receive some of the inferior cerebral and inferior cerebellar veins, and some veins from the diploë. The petrosquamous sinus, when present, runs backward along the junction of the squama and petrous portion of the temporal, and opens into the transverse sinus. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_sinuses }
• Added
  • + transverse sinus SubClassOf paired venous dural sinus
  • + transverse sinus definition one of the dural venous sinuses and drains the superior sagittal sinus the occipital sinus and the straight sinus, and empties into the sigmoid sinus which in turn reaches the jugular bulb. { database cross reference=http://radiopaedia.org/articles/transverse-sinus }
  • + transverse sinus editor note TODO - check subclasses

Changes for: superior sagittal sinus

• Deleted
  • - superior sagittal sinus SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
  • - superior sagittal sinus SubClassOf venous sinus
• Added
  • + superior sagittal sinus SubClassOf sagittal sinus
  • + superior sagittal sinus SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest

Changes for: presumptive midbrain

• Deleted
  • - presumptive midbrain comment TODO - unify naming conventions
• Added
  • + presumptive midbrain editor note TODO - unify naming conventions

Changes for: midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate

• Deleted
  • - midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate comment todo: developmental relationships for lines
• Added
  • + midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate editor note TODO - developmental relationships for lines

Changes for: layer of tympanic membrane

• Deleted
  • - layer of tympanic membrane comment In mammals, this class groups together the two epithelial layers plus the intermediate fibrous layer
• Added
  • + layer of tympanic membrane taxon notes In mammals, this class groups together the two epithelial layers plus the intermediate fibrous layer

Changes for: right pulmonary artery

• Deleted
  • - right pulmonary artery comment TODO - add class ‘pulmonary artery tree organ’
• Added
  • + right pulmonary artery editor note TODO - add class ‘pulmonary artery tree organ’

Changes for: left pulmonary artery

• Deleted
  • - left pulmonary artery comment TODO - add class ‘pulmonary artery tree organ’
• Added
  • + left pulmonary artery editor note TODO - add class ‘pulmonary artery tree organ’

Changes for: right lung associated mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - right lung associated mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a right lung. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + right lung associated mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing right lung. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: left lung associated mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - left lung associated mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a left lung. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + left lung associated mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing left lung. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: entorhinal area

• Deleted
  • - entorhinal area comment todo - check area vs complex. ABA:ENT this is part of the hippocampal formation via retrohippocampal region
• Added
  • + entorhinal area editor note TODO - check area vs complex. ABA:ENT this is part of the hippocampal formation via retrohippocampal region

Changes for: splanchnopleure

• Deleted
  • - splanchnopleure comment todo - check relationship to LPM
• Added
  • + splanchnopleure editor note TODO - check relationship to LPM

Changes for: marginal zone of embryo

• Deleted
  • - marginal zone of embryo comment See tracker item for discussion
  • - marginal zone of embryo definition Belt-like region of presumptive mesoderm at the equator of the late blastula. { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/153 , database cross reference=XAO:0000068 }
• Added
  • + marginal zone of embryo definition Belt-like region of presumptive mesoderm at the equator of the late blastula. { database cross reference=XAO:0000068 }
  • + marginal zone of embryo see also http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/153

Changes for: perinatal stage

• Deleted
  • - perinatal stage comment In birds, the paranatal stage starts when the beak penetrates into the air pocket (air cell) between the inner and outer shell membranes
• Added
  • + perinatal stage taxon notes In birds, the paranatal stage starts when the beak penetrates into the air pocket (air cell) between the inner and outer shell membranes

Changes for: buccal salivary gland

• Deleted
  • - buccal salivary gland SubClassOf minor salivary gland
  • - buccal salivary gland SubClassOf part of some mouth
• Added
  • + buccal salivary gland EquivalentTo saliva-secreting gland and part of some cheek
  • + buccal salivary gland SubClassOf part of some cheek
  • + buccal salivary gland SubClassOf saliva-secreting gland
  • + buccal salivary gland definition A salivary gland that is part of a cheek. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: basal forebrain

• Deleted
  • - basal forebrain definition The basal forebrain is a collection of structures located ventrally to the striatum. It is considered to be the major cholinergic output of the CNS. It includes a group of structures that lie near the bottom of the front of the brain, including the nucleus basalis, diagonal band of Broca, and medial septal nuclei. These structures are important in the production of acetylcholine, which is then distributed widely throughout the brain. Acetylcholine affects the ability of brain cells to transmit information to one another, and also encourages plasticity, or learning. Thus, damage to the basal forebrain can reduce the amount of acetylcholine in the brain and impair learning. This may be one reason why basal forebrain damage can result in memory impairments such as amnesia and confabulation. One common cause of basal forebrain damage is aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. Research, conducted by investigators from Children’s Hospital Boston and the University of Helsinki, ties together previous observations about sleep and finds that nitric oxide production in the basal forebrain is both necessary and sufficient to produce sleep. This structure is defined, in part, as the place where adenosine acts on A1 receptors of cholinergic neurons. This results in hyperpolarization of cholinergic neurons, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is known to promote wakefulness in the basal forebrain. Inhibition of acetylcholine release in the basal forebrain by adenosine causes slow wave sleep. The basal forebrain and adjacent areas are a focus for sleep research. Stimulating the basal forebrain gives rise to EEG sychrony and sleep. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_forebrain }
• Added
  • + basal forebrain definition A region of the brain consisting of ventral and rostral subcortical regions of the telencephalon, including among others, the basal ganglia, septal nuclei, amygdala, ventral pallidum, substantia innominata, and basal nucleus of Meynert. { database cross reference=Neurolex:birnlex_1560 }

Changes for: fibulare

• Deleted
  • - fibulare comment In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale[AAO]
• Added
  • + fibulare taxon notes In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale[AAO]

Changes for: bile duct epithelium

• Deleted
  • - bile duct epithelium comment todo - check if BTO terms need merged
• Added
  • + bile duct epithelium editor note TODO - check if BTO terms need merged

Changes for: dental lamina

• Deleted
  • - dental lamina SubClassOf ecto-epithelium
  • - dental lamina SubClassOf part of some calcareous tooth
  • - dental lamina SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
  • - dental lamina definition a band of epithelial tissue seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. The dental lamina is first evidence of tooth development and begins at the sixth week in utero or three weeks after the rupture of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It is formed when cells of the oral ectoderm proliferate faster than cells of other areas. Best described as an in-growth of oral ectoderm, the dental lamina is frequently distinguished from the vestibular lamina, which develops concurrently. This dividing tissue is surrounded by and, some would argue, stimulated by ectomysenchymal growth. When it is present, the dental lamina connects the developing tooth bud to the epithelium of the oral cavity. Eventually, the dental lamina disintegrates into small clusters of epithelium and is resorbed. In situations when the clusters are not resorbed, (this remanent of the dental lamina is sometimes known as the glands of Serres) eruption cysts are formed over the developing tooth and delay its eruption into the oral cavity. This invagination of ectodermal tissues is the progenitor to the later ameloblasts and enamel while the ectomysenchyme is responsible for the odontogenic papilla and later odontoblasts. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_lamina }
• Added
  • + dental lamina SubClassOf epithelium
  • + dental lamina SubClassOf part of some dentition
  • + dental lamina definition A band of ectodermal cells growing from the epithelium of the embryonic jaws into the underlying mesenchyme and giving rise to the primordia of the enamel organs of the teeth. { database cross reference=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dental+lamina }
  • + dental lamina has related synonym fetal dental lamina

Changes for: pedal digit 8

• Added
  • + pedal digit 8 has exact synonym pedal digit VIII { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: lateral-intermediate intercuneiform joint

• Deleted
  • - lateral-intermediate intercuneiform joint comment todo - add connections
• Added
  • + lateral-intermediate intercuneiform joint editor note TODO - add connections

Changes for: prepollex skeleton

• Deleted
  • - prepollex skeleton comment A prepollex does not contain phalanges nor does it articulate with a metacarpal. It articulates with elements of the carpal (wrist) skeleton[AAO:DB]. TODO: add articulation relations
• Added
  • + prepollex skeleton comment A prepollex does not contain phalanges nor does it articulate with a metacarpal. It articulates with elements of the carpal (wrist) skeleton[AAO:DB]. EDITOR NOTE: TODO add articulation relations

Changes for: medial-intermediate intercuneiform joint

• Deleted
  • - medial-intermediate intercuneiform joint comment todo - add connections
• Added
  • + medial-intermediate intercuneiform joint editor note TODO - add connections

Changes for: pedal digit 7

• Added
  • + pedal digit 7 has exact synonym pedal digit VII { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metathalamus

• Deleted
  • - metathalamus comment note we follow FMA in making this a subtype of nucleus, but in fact it is a group containing two nuclei
• Added
  • + metathalamus external ontology notes we follow FMA in making this a subtype of nucleus, but in fact it is a group containing two nuclei { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: salivary gland epithelium

• Deleted
  • - salivary gland epithelium SubClassOf foregut epithelium
• Added
  • + salivary gland epithelium SubClassOf gut epithelium

Changes for: oviduct epithelium

• Deleted
  • - oviduct epithelium comment in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label
• Added
  • + oviduct epithelium external ontology notes in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: larva

• Deleted
  • - larva comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies. TODO: discriminate between stages and organisms
• Added
  • + larva comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies. EDITOR NOTE: TODO discriminate between stages and organisms

Changes for: germ ring

• Deleted
  • - germ ring comment todo - check timing of appearance and disappearance - check relationship with primitive streak. he blastopore lips in amphibians appear to have the equivalent function of the germ ring in zebrafish (ES)
• Added
  • + germ ring editor note TODO - check timing of appearance and disappearance - check relationship with primitive streak. he blastopore lips in amphibians appear to have the equivalent function of the germ ring in zebrafish (ES)

Changes for: pharyngeal arch

• Deleted
  • - pharyngeal arch comment Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering
• Added
  • + pharyngeal arch terminology notes Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering

Changes for: ureteral orifice

• Deleted
  • - ureteral orifice comment TODO - add relationship to junction
• Added
  • + ureteral orifice editor note TODO - add relationship to junction

Changes for: epiblast (generic)

• Deleted
  • - epiblast (generic) comment MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class
• Added
  • + epiblast (generic) editor note MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class

Changes for: limb segment

• Deleted
  • - limb segment comment note FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z
• Added
  • + limb segment external ontology notes FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: navicular bone of pes

• Deleted
  • - navicular bone of pes comment . TODO - add correct VSAO xref (currently broken)
• Added
  • + navicular bone of pes comment TODO - add correct VSAO xref (currently broken)

Changes for: forelimb skeleton

• Deleted
  • - forelimb skeleton comment TODO - find a home for: FMA:24139
• Added
  • + forelimb skeleton editor note TODO - find a home for: FMA:24139 ! skeleton of upper limb

Changes for: chest

• Deleted
  • - chest comment editor note - FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions
• Added
  • + chest comment editor note: FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 2

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of digit 2 has exact synonym distal phalanx of digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 3

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of digit 3 has exact synonym distal phalanx of digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 4

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of digit 4 has exact synonym distal phalanx of digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 5

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of digit 5 has exact synonym distal phalanx of digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of digit 2

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of digit 2 has exact synonym middle phalanx of digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of digit 3

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of digit 3 has exact synonym middle phalanx of digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: tarsal bone

• Deleted
  • - tarsal bone comment In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment[Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton)]
• Added
  • + tarsal bone taxon notes In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment[Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton)]

Changes for: distal phalanx of digit 1

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of digit 1 has exact synonym distal phalanx of digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pectoral girdle region

• Deleted
  • - pectoral girdle region comment Usage Notes: this class describes the organism subdivision, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831).
• Added
  • + pectoral girdle region curator notes this class describes the organism subdivision, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831).

Changes for: scaphoid

• Deleted
  • - scaphoid comment todo - check AAO placement; in rodents this is fused with the lunate to make the scapholunate
• Added
  • + scaphoid editor note TODO - check AAO placement; in rodents this is fused with the lunate to make the scapholunate

Changes for: neural tissue

• Deleted
  • - neural tissue comment FMA definition includes vasculature
• Added
  • + neural tissue comment AO notes: FMA definition includes vasculature

Changes for: articular capsule

• Deleted
  • - articular capsule SubClassOf part of some synovial joint
• Added
  • + articular capsule EquivalentTo membrane organ and has part some layer of synovial tissue and surrounds some synovial joint
  • + articular capsule SubClassOf has part some layer of synovial tissue
  • + articular capsule SubClassOf surrounds some synovial joint

Changes for: manus joint

• Deleted
  • - manus joint comment TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
• Added
  • + manus joint editor note TODO check FMA - use the set class for now

Changes for: pes joint

• Deleted
  • - pes joint comment TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
• Added
  • + pes joint editor note TODO check FMA - use the set class for now

Changes for: circle of Willis

• Deleted
  • - circle of Willis comment In zebrafish, the circle of vessels comprised of the basal communicating artery (BCA) and posterior communicating segments (PCS) superficially resemble but are not homologous to the human circle of Willis[http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html]. Editor note:
• Added
  • + circle of Willis taxon notes In zebrafish, the circle of vessels comprised of the basal communicating artery (BCA) and posterior communicating segments (PCS) superficially resemble but are not homologous to the human circle of Willis[http://zfish.nichd.nih.gov/zfatlas/Intro%20Page/comparative.html]

Changes for: middle phalanx of digit 5

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of digit 5 has exact synonym middle phalanx of digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of digit 4

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of digit 4 has exact synonym middle phalanx of digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1

• Deleted
  • - manual digit 1 comment Not present in Anurans (Phenotype RCN Oct 2012)
• Added
  • + manual digit 1 has exact synonym manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }
  • + manual digit 1 taxon notes Not present in Anurans (Phenotype RCN Oct 2012)

Changes for: manual digit 4

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 has exact synonym manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 5

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 has exact synonym manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 has exact synonym manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 has exact synonym manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1 phalanx

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 phalanx has exact synonym manual digit I phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 has exact synonym pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 phalanx

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 phalanx has exact synonym manual digit II phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 phalanx

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 phalanx has exact synonym manual digit III phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 phalanx

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 phalanx has exact synonym manual digit IV phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 5 phalanx

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 phalanx has exact synonym manual digit V phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 has exact synonym pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 1

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 has exact synonym pedal digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 has exact synonym pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 has exact synonym pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

• Deleted
  • - extensor carpi ulnaris muscle comment . Note that we make the insertion relationship a GCI until digit numbering issues are resolved
• Added
  • + extensor carpi ulnaris muscle editor note Note that we make the insertion relationship a taxon GCI until digit numbering issues are resolved

Changes for: post-anal tail muscle

• Deleted
  • - tail muscle label tail muscle
• Added
  • + post-anal tail muscle has exact synonym tail muscle { database cross reference=MA:0000699 }
  • + post-anal tail muscle label post-anal tail muscle

Changes for: dentition

• Deleted
  • - dentition comment In FMA this is an anatomical set
• Added
  • + dentition external ontology notes In FMA this is an anatomical set { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 5

• Deleted
  • - metacarpal bone of digit 5 comment note FMA also has FMA:36782
• Added
  • + metacarpal bone of digit 5 external ontology notes FMA also has FMA:36782 ! Bone of fifth metacarpal bone { external ontology=FMA }
  • + metacarpal bone of digit 5 has exact synonym metacarpal bone of digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 4

• Added
  • + metacarpal bone of digit 4 has exact synonym metacarpal bone of digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 3

• Added
  • + metacarpal bone of digit 3 has exact synonym metacarpal bone of digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 2

• Added
  • + metacarpal bone of digit 2 has exact synonym metacarpal bone of digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metacarpal bone of digit 1

• Added
  • + metacarpal bone of digit 1 has exact synonym metacarpal bone of digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 phalanx

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 phalanx has exact synonym pedal digit III phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 1 phalanx

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 phalanx has exact synonym pedal digit I phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: posterior nasal aperture

• Deleted
  • - posterior nasal aperture comment Fish don’t have choanae, instead they have two pairs of external nostrils[WP] In addition to tetrapods, the lungfish has internal nostrils too. TODO: check part_of vs adjacent_to nasal cavity. In tetrapods the exhalant nostril (choana) empties into the buccal cavity.
• Added
  • + posterior nasal aperture comment In addition to tetrapods, the lungfish has internal nostrils too. In tetrapods the exhalant nostril (choana) empties into the buccal cavity.
  • + posterior nasal aperture taxon notes Fish don’t have choanae, instead they have two pairs of external nostrils[WP]

Changes for: pedal digit 2 phalanx

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 phalanx has exact synonym pedal digit II phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 4

• Added
  • + metatarsal bone of digit 4 has exact synonym metatarsal bone of digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 5

• Added
  • + metatarsal bone of digit 5 has exact synonym metatarsal bone of digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: respiratory system mucosa

• Deleted
  • - respiratory system mucosa comment TODO - split respiratory tract mucosa from respiratory system mucosa
• Added
  • + respiratory system mucosa editor note TODO - split respiratory tract mucosa from respiratory system mucosa

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 1

• Added
  • + metatarsal bone of digit 1 has exact synonym metatarsal bone of digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 2

• Added
  • + metatarsal bone of digit 2 has exact synonym metatarsal bone of digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metatarsal bone of digit 3

• Added
  • + metatarsal bone of digit 3 has exact synonym metatarsal bone of digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: obsolete node of ranvier

• Deleted
  • - obsolete node of ranvier comment in GO
• Added
  • + obsolete node of ranvier external ontology notes in GO { external ontology=GO }

Changes for: regional part of cerebral cortex

• Deleted
  • - regional part of cerebral cortex comment todo - check MA term
• Added
  • + regional part of cerebral cortex editor note TODO - check MA term

Changes for: skeletal element

• Deleted
  • - skeletal element comment TODO - add more general class for other kinds of mineralized tissue
• Added
  • + skeletal element editor note TODO - add more general class for other kinds of mineralized tissue

Changes for: cranial bone

• Deleted
  • - cranial bone comment Usage Notes: here cranium = skull - mandible
• Added
  • + cranial bone curator notes here cranium = skull - mandible

Changes for: vertebral centrum element

• Deleted
  • - vertebral centrum element comment The vertebral centrum may be cartilaginous, develop as cartilage but be replaced by bone or mineralized, or form directly through intramembranous ossification.
• Added
  • + vertebral centrum element taxon notes The vertebral centrum may be cartilaginous, develop as cartilage but be replaced by bone or mineralized, or form directly through intramembranous ossification.

Changes for: coracoid bone

• Deleted
  • - coracoid bone comment Terminology notes: see discussion in Kardong - suggests using procoracoid (anterior coracoid) for the element in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, and reserving coracoid for the new synapsid/therian structure.
• Added
  • + coracoid bone terminology notes see discussion in Kardong - suggests using procoracoid (anterior coracoid) for the element in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, and reserving coracoid for the new synapsid/therian structure.

Changes for: pubic symphysis

• Deleted
  • - pubic symphysis comment In birds, the pubic symphysis is present only in the ostrich, and the two hip bones are usually widely separated, making it easier to lay large eggs - Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 188–192. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
• Added
  • + pubic symphysis taxon notes In birds, the pubic symphysis is present only in the ostrich, and the two hip bones are usually widely separated, making it easier to lay large eggs - Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 188–192. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.

Changes for: articular/anguloarticular

• Deleted
  • - articular/anguloarticular comment TODO - resolve part_of relationships. AO Notes: TAO has a distinct class for articular - in fact we need (at least) 3 classes here - articular, anguloarticular and malleus, arranged into a single VHOG group
• Added
  • + articular/anguloarticular editor note TODO - resolve part_of relationships
  • + articular/anguloarticular external ontology notes TAO has a distinct class for articular - in fact we need (at least) 3 classes here - articular, anguloarticular and malleus, arranged into a single VHOG group { external ontology=TAO }

Changes for: fasciolar gyrus

• Deleted
  • - fasciolar gyrus comment TODO - existing definitions, synonyms and relationships in existing AOs seem contradictory; to be resolved. We take the dentate gyrus relationship from BTO, and it is also implied by the FMA synonym. However, FMA says archiortex (embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus) and NIF says limbic lobe (which is more general than hippocampus). ABA xref made on basis of BTO related synonym
• Added
  • + fasciolar gyrus editor note TODO - existing definitions, synonyms and relationships in existing AOs seem contradictory; to be resolved. We take the dentate gyrus relationship from BTO, and it is also implied by the FMA synonym. However, FMA says archiortex (embryonic archicortex corresponds to the cortex of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus) and NIF says limbic lobe (which is more general than hippocampus). ABA xref made on basis of BTO related synonym

Changes for: equine hindlimb splint bone

• Deleted
  • - equine hindlimb splint bone comment In future this class may be replaced by a more taxon-neutral class grouping metacarpal bones 2 or 4
• Added
  • + equine hindlimb splint bone editor note in future this class may be replaced by a more taxon-neutral class grouping metacarpal bones 2 or 4

Changes for: equine forelimb splint bone

• Deleted
  • - equine forelimb splint bone comment In future this class may be replaced by a more taxon-neutral class grouping metarsal bones 2 or 4
• Added
  • + equine forelimb splint bone editor note in future this class may be replaced by a more taxon-neutral class grouping metarsal bones 2 or 4

Changes for: equine splint bone

• Deleted
  • - equine splint bone comment In future this class may be replaced by a more taxon-neutral class grouping metapodial bones 2 or 4
• Added
  • + equine splint bone editor note in future this class may be replaced by a more taxon-neutral class grouping metapodial bones 2 or 4

Changes for: vasa recta

• Deleted
  • - vasa recta comment TODO - is this a vein or set of veins? in MA it is a venous blood vessel
• Added
  • + vasa recta editor note TODO - is this a vein or set of veins? in MA it is a venous blood vessel

Changes for: inferior phrenic artery

• Deleted
  • - inferior phrenic artery SubClassOf supplies some diaphragm
  • - inferior phrenic artery definition The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin. They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery. Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta. They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface. The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus. The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch. The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus. Each vessel gives off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_phrenic_arteries }

Changes for: bulbus cordis

• Deleted
  • - bulbus cordis comment todo - check ZFA
• Added
  • + bulbus cordis editor note TODO - check ZFA

Changes for: pelvic appendage

• Deleted
  • - pelvic appendage comment VSAO notes - in contrast to VSAO, we include separate subclasses for limbs and fins

Changes for: dorsal thalamus

• Deleted
  • - dorsal thalamus comment TODO. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8167659
• Added
  • + dorsal thalamus editor note TODO. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8167659

Changes for: fenestra

• Deleted
  • - fenestra comment TODO check fenestra vs fossa. fenestra = hole, fossa = depression with bottom?
• Added
  • + fenestra editor note TODO check fenestra vs fossa. fenestra = hole, fossa = depression with bottom?

Changes for: secondary olfactory cortex

• Deleted
  • - secondary olfactory cortex comment FMA considers this a syn of entorhinal cortex. See also brodman definition
• Added
  • + secondary olfactory cortex comment AO notes: FMA considers this a syn of entorhinal cortex. See also brodman definition

Changes for: flexor hallucis longus

• Deleted
  • - flexor hallucis longus definition The Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) is a muscle of the leg. It is one of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. The other deep muscles of the leg are flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior. FHL is the largest and most powerful of these deep muscles. The Flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm. at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the Peronæi, laterally, and from the fascia covering the Tibialis posterior, medially. The fibers pass obliquely downward and backward, and end in a tendon which occupies nearly the whole length of the posterior surface of the muscle. This tendon lies in a groove which crosses the posterior surface of the lower end of the tibia, the posterior surface of the talus, and the under surface of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus; in the sole of the foot it runs forward between the two heads of the Flexor hallucis brevis, and is inserted into the base of the last phalanx of the great toe. The grooves on the talus and calcaneus, which contain the tendon of the muscle, are converted by tendinous fibers into distinct canals, lined by a mucous sheath. As the tendon passes forward in the sole of the foot, it is situated above, and crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the tendon of the Flexor digitorum longus, to which it is connected by a fibrous slip. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle }
• Added
  • + flexor hallucis longus definition A deep muscle of the posterior compartment of the hindlimb that is innervated by the tibial nerve, arises from the fibula and insets in the distal phalanx of pedal digit 1. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle }

Changes for: sural artery

• Deleted
  • - sural artery comment TODO: check NCITA class
• Added
  • + sural artery editor note TODO - check NCITA class

Changes for: axillary artery

• Deleted
  • - axillary artery SubClassOf organ segment
  • - axillary artery SubClassOf part of some circulatory system
  • - axillary artery comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - axillary artery definition In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_artery }
  • - axillary artery has related synonym arteria axillaris { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_artery , has synonym type=latin term }
• Added
  • + axillary artery EquivalentTo artery and supplies some axilla
  • + axillary artery SubClassOf artery
  • + axillary artery SubClassOf supplies some axilla
  • + axillary artery definition Artery that supplies the axilla { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + axillary artery has exact synonym arteria axillaris { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_artery , has synonym type=latin term }
  • + axillary artery taxon notes In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes the brachial artery.

Changes for: primary motor cortex

• Deleted
  • - primary motor cortex comment TODO: in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 { source=MA-modified }
• Added
  • + primary motor cortex editor note TODO - in MA this is asserted to be part_of BOTH frontal and parietal cortex. in ABA these are disjoint. FMA makes no commitment beyond cerebral cortex. Wikipedia says frontal lobe. Check if species difference or difference in definition. Removed relationship: part_of UBERON:0001872 {source=’MA-modified’} ! parietal lobe

Changes for: cornual diverticulum

• Deleted
  • - cornual sinus label cornual sinus
• Added
  • + cornual diverticulum EquivalentTo anatomical cavity and part of some frontal sinus and part of some horn
  • + cornual diverticulum SubClassOf part of some frontal sinus
  • + cornual diverticulum definition An extension of the frontal sinus into the horn { database cross reference=http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/grossanat/largemenu/rheadsinlr.htm }
  • + cornual diverticulum has exact synonym cornual sinus
  • + cornual diverticulum label cornual diverticulum

Changes for: coccyx

• Deleted
  • - coccyx comment In MA the subclass hierarchy is cocc V is_a caud V is_a tail bone. Taxon notes: In humans: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column. Comprising three to five separate or fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae) below the sacrum, it is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx. The term coccyx comes originally from the Greek language and means ‘cuckoo’, referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo’s beak when viewed from the side. [WP,unvetted].
• Added
  • + coccyx comment .
  • + coccyx external ontology notes In MA the subclass hierarchy is cocc V is_a caud V is_a tail bone. Taxon notes: In humans: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column. Comprising three to five separate or fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae) below the sacrum, it is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx. The term coccyx comes originally from the Greek language and means ‘cuckoo’, referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo’s beak when viewed from the side. [WP,unvetted] { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: epithelium of vagina

• Deleted
  • - epithelium of vagina comment FMA: nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; BTO: Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns; MA has single subclass (squamous)
• Added
  • + epithelium of vagina comment AO notes: FMA: nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium; BTO: Vaginal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium having a thickness of 15-200 microns; MA has single subclass (squamous)

Changes for: epididymis

• Deleted
  • - epididymis comment . Kardong has epididymis in elasmobranch.Structures notes: Typically divided into three main regions. In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis, which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and mammals. The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells.
• Added
  • + epididymis comment Structures notes: Typically divided into three main regions. In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis, which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and mammals. The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells.
  • + epididymis editor note Kardong has epididymis in elasmobranch

Changes for: male urethra

• Deleted
  • - male urethra SubClassOf develops from some embryonic urethral groove
  • - male urethra comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - male urethra definition In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_urethra }
• Added
  • + male urethra definition A urethra that is part of a male reproductive system. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: female urethra

• Deleted
  • - female urethra comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - female urethra definition In anatomy, the urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for semen. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_urethra }
• Added
  • + female urethra definition A urethra that is part of a female reproductive system. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: prostate gland anterior lobe

• Deleted
  • - prostate gland anterior lobe comment comment: todo - check - see comments from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163300
• Added
  • + prostate gland anterior lobe comment comment: editor note: TODO - check - see comments from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163300

Changes for: pedal digit 1 metatarsal endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 metatarsal endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit I metatarsal endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit IV phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit V phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 metatarsal endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 metatarsal endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit II metatarsal endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 metatarsal endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 metatarsal endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit III metatarsal endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit II phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit III phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 1 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit I phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: hindlimb skin

• Deleted
  • - hindlimb skin comment TODO - check free limb vs pelvic complex
• Added
  • + hindlimb skin editor note TODO - check free limb vs pelvic complex

Changes for: manual digit 1 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit I phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit II phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit III phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit IV phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 5 phalanx endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 phalanx endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit V phalanx endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: forelimb skin

• Deleted
  • - forelimb skin comment TODO - check free limb vs pectoral complex
• Added
  • + forelimb skin editor note TODO - check free limb vs pectoral complex

Changes for: manual digit 3 metacarpus endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 metacarpus endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit III metacarpus endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 metacarpus endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 metacarpus endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit IV metacarpus endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 5 metacarpus endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 metacarpus endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit V metacarpus endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 metatarsal endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 metatarsal endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit V metatarsal endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1 metacarpus endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 metacarpus endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit I metacarpus endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 metacarpus endochondral element

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 metacarpus endochondral element has exact synonym manual digit II metacarpus endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 metatarsal endochondral element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 metatarsal endochondral element has exact synonym pedal digit IV metatarsal endochondral element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: tarsal skeleton

• Deleted
  • - tarsal skeleton comment . AO notes: we assume MA:tarsus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:ankle, with the tarsal bone being part of the former. XAO:tarsus is part of the hindlimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent.
• Added
  • + tarsal skeleton external ontology notes we assume MA:tarsus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:ankle, with the tarsal bone being part of the former. XAO:tarsus is part of the hindlimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent. { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: retina blood vessel

• Deleted
  • - retina blood vessel SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + retina blood vessel SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: facial mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - facial mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a face. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + facial mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: interlobar vein

• Deleted
  • - interlobar vein comment FMA only has the set term
• Added
  • + interlobar vein comment AO notes: FMA only has the set term

Changes for: ciliary stroma

• Deleted
  • - ciliary stroma SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + ciliary stroma SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: interlobar artery

• Deleted
  • - interlobar artery comment FMA only has the set term
• Added
  • + interlobar artery comment AO notes: FMA only has the set term

Changes for: medullary ray

• Deleted
  • - medullary ray comment Terminology notes: Their name is potentially misleading – the “medullary” refers to their destination, not their location. They are located only in the renal cortex, and not in the renal medulla. AO notes: FMA says parenchyma, MP says cortex
• Added
  • + medullary ray comment AO notes: FMA says parenchyma, MP says cortex
  • + medullary ray terminology notes Their name is potentially misleading – the ‘medullary’ refers to their destination, not their location. They are located only in the renal cortex, and not in the renal medulla

Changes for: iris blood vessel

• Deleted
  • - iris blood vessel SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + iris blood vessel SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: trigeminal nucleus

• Deleted
  • - trigeminal nucleus comment note massive inconsistencies between GO, MA, wikipedia. Part of pons in MA, but this leads to inconsistencies with ABA. See https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3291162&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
• Added
  • + trigeminal nucleus external ontology notes massive inconsistencies between GO, MA, wikipedia. Part of pons in MA, but this leads to inconsistencies with ABA. See https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3291162&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 { external ontology=GO }

Changes for: future brain vesicle

• Deleted
  • - future brain vesicle comment todo - resolve space vs structure inconsistency; consider adding all secondary vesicles (e.g. diencephalic; my/metencephalic. See http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_4.html). Note that some sources may treat the term vesicle as the progenitor of the whole brain region; for example ‘The retina develops directly from the neural tube as an outpouching from the diencephalic vesicle’
• Added
  • + future brain vesicle editor note TODO - resolve space vs structure inconsistency; consider adding all secondary vesicles (e.g. diencephalic; my/metencephalic. See http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_4.html). Note that some sources may treat the term vesicle as the progenitor of the whole brain region; for example ‘The retina develops directly from the neural tube as an outpouching from the diencephalic vesicle’

Changes for: vein of abdomen

• Deleted
  • - vein of abdomen comment This class groups all veins that are in the abdomen. The term ‘abdominal vein’ may have specific meanings in different contexts. The lateral abdominal veins are present in fishes but usually merged or absent in tetrapods; in amphibians, the L&R abdominal veins merge into the ventral abdominal vein. TODO: mirror representation of abdominal aorta
• Added
  • + vein of abdomen comment This class groups all veins that are in the abdomen. The term ‘abdominal vein’ may have specific meanings in different contexts. The lateral abdominal veins are present in fishes but usually merged or absent in tetrapods; in amphibians, the L&R abdominal veins merge into the ventral abdominal vein. EDITOR NOTE: TODO mirror representation of abdominal aorta

Changes for: superior phrenic artery

• Deleted
  • - superior phrenic artery SubClassOf supplies some diaphragm
  • - superior phrenic artery definition The superior phrenic arteries are small and arise from the lower part of the thoracic aorta; they are distributed to the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm, and anastomose with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_phrenic_artery }
• Added
  • + superior phrenic artery definition A phrenic artery that arises from the lower part of the thoracic aorta and is distributed to the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm, and anastomoses with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_phrenic_artery , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: serosa of uterus

• Deleted
  • - serosa of uterus comment TODO - check for parallel structure with peritoneum
• Added
  • + serosa of uterus editor note TODO - check for parallel structure with peritoneum

Changes for: proximal straight tubule

• Deleted
  • - proximal straight tubule comment TODO - is S3 exactly coincident with PST? todo - ensure relationships work across species (loop of Henle)
• Added
  • + proximal straight tubule editor note TODO - is S3 exactly coincident with PST? todo - ensure relationships work across species (loop of Henle)

Changes for: thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

• Deleted
  • - thick ascending limb of loop of Henle comment TODO: thick/thin check. Also - does the loop of Henle overlap the distal convoluted tubule? FMA divides DCT into straight and convoluted portions
• Added
  • + thick ascending limb of loop of Henle editor note TODO - thick/thin check. Also - does the loop of Henle overlap the distal convoluted tubule? FMA divides DCT into straight and convoluted portions

Changes for: Bowman’s space

• Deleted
  • - Bowman’s space comment TODO - fix ZFA
• Added
  • + Bowman’s space editor note TODO - fix ZFA

Changes for: loop of Henle

• Deleted
  • - loop of Henle comment Taxon Notes: the definitions of some kidney parts refer to Henle’s loop, even in species where this may not be present. Requires review.
• Added
  • + loop of Henle taxon notes the definitions of some kidney parts refer to Henle’s loop, even in species where this may not be present. Requires review.

Changes for: epithelium of stomach

• Deleted
  • - epithelium of stomach comment in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular
• Added
  • + epithelium of stomach external ontology notes in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: innominate bone

• Deleted
  • - innominate bone comment Editor notes: currently this class is restricted to exclude the teleost bone as the definition mentions ilium, ischium and pubis. In future we may add a grouping class for girdle bones that supports the appendage
• Added
  • + innominate bone editor note currently this class is restricted to exclude the teleost bone as the definition mentions ilium, ischium and pubis. In future we may add a grouping class for girdle bones that supports the appendage

Changes for: pelvic girdle region

• Deleted
  • - pelvic girdle region comment Usage Notes: this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list
• Added
  • + pelvic girdle region curator notes this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list

Changes for: bony pelvis

• Deleted
  • - bony pelvis comment in FMA, this is part of the axial skeletal system. todo: add taxon-specific part of relations connecting sub-structures to this.
• Added
  • + bony pelvis editor note TODO add taxon-specific part of relations connecting sub-structures to this.
  • + bony pelvis external ontology notes in FMA, this is part of the axial skeletal system { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: acetabular part of hip bone

• Deleted
  • - acetabular part of hip bone comment In reptiles and in birds, the acetabula are deep sockets.[WP] Note that whilst WP defines this as a surface, MA treats it as a bone. There are other FMA classes that may be better suited to representing the surface.
• Added
  • + acetabular part of hip bone external ontology notes whilst WP defines this as a surface, MA treats it as a bone. There are other FMA classes that may be better suited to representing the surface. { external ontology=MA }
  • + acetabular part of hip bone taxon notes In reptiles and in birds, the acetabula are deep sockets.[WP]

Changes for: motor root of trigeminal nerve

• Deleted
  • - motor root of trigeminal nerve comment todo - check ZFA
• Added
  • + motor root of trigeminal nerve editor note TODO - check ZFA

Changes for: serosa of urinary bladder

• Deleted
  • - serosa of urinary bladder comment TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
• Added
  • + serosa of urinary bladder editor note TODO - check serosa/peritoneum

Changes for: serosa of intestine

• Deleted
  • - serosa of intestine comment TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
• Added
  • + serosa of intestine editor note TODO - check serosa/peritoneum

Changes for: falciform ligament

• Deleted
  • - falciform ligament comment In FMA this is a subclass of mesentery. In MA it is a subclass of ligament, we infer and assert this is a nonskeletal ligament
• Added
  • + falciform ligament external ontology notes in FMA this is a subclass of mesentery. In MA it is a subclass of ligament, we infer and assert this is a nonskeletal ligament { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: right adrenal gland

• Deleted
  • - right adrenal gland comment in humans, the right adrenal gland is triangular shaped[WP]
• Added
  • + right adrenal gland taxon notes In humans, the right adrenal gland is triangular shaped[WP]

Changes for: left adrenal gland

• Deleted
  • - left adrenal gland comment in humans, the left adrenal gland is semilunar shaped[WP]
• Added
  • + left adrenal gland taxon notes In humans, the left adrenal gland is semilunar shaped[WP]

Changes for: renal straight tubule

• Deleted
  • - renal straight tubule comment todo - add relationships
• Added
  • + renal straight tubule editor note TODO - add relationships

Changes for: Peyer’s patch

• Deleted
  • - Peyer’s patch definition aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are usually found in the lowest portion of the small intestine ileum in humans; as such, they differentiate the ileum from the duodenum and jejunum // nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyer’s_patch }
• Added
  • + Peyer’s patch definition nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the intestine. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyer’s_patch }

Changes for: serosa of large intestine

• Deleted
  • - serosa of large intestine comment TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
• Added
  • + serosa of large intestine editor note TODO - check serosa/peritoneum

Changes for: serosa of stomach

• Deleted
  • - serosa of stomach comment TODO - check serosa/peritoneum
• Added
  • + serosa of stomach editor note TODO - check serosa/peritoneum

Changes for: root of optic nerve

• Deleted
  • - root of optic nerve comment TODO - check. See comments for optic tract. FMA also has medial root.
• Added
  • + root of optic nerve editor note TODO - check. See comments for optic tract. FMA also has medial root.

Changes for: mesenchyme of sublingual gland

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of sublingual gland definition Mesenchyme that is part of a sublingual gland [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of sublingual gland definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing sublingual gland [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of vomeronasal organ

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of vomeronasal organ definition Mesenchyme that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of vomeronasal organ definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of hard palate

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of hard palate definition Mesenchyme that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of hard palate definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hard palate [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of umbilical cord

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of umbilical cord comment todo - check
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of umbilical cord editor note TODO - check

Changes for: primitive superior sagittal sinus

• Deleted
  • - primitive superior sagittal sinus SubClassOf brain blood vessel
• Added
  • + primitive superior sagittal sinus SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure

Changes for: excretory gland

• Deleted
  • - excretory gland comment todo - child terms
• Added
  • + excretory gland editor note TODO - child terms

Changes for: iris nerve

• Deleted
  • - iris nerve SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + iris nerve SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: nerve of trunk region

• Deleted
  • - nerve of trunk region comment todo - check EMAPA
• Added
  • + nerve of trunk region editor note TODO - check EMAPA

Changes for: main olfactory bulb

• Deleted
  • - main olfactory bulb comment Note that the structure in many ontologies called simply ‘olfactory bulb’ may in fact belong here
• Added
  • + main olfactory bulb external ontology notes the structure in many ontologies called simply ‘olfactory bulb’ may in fact belong here

Changes for: mesenchyme of mandible

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of mandible definition Mesenchyme that is part of a mandible [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of mandible definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing mandible [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of parotid

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of parotid definition Mesenchyme that is part of a parotid gland [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of parotid definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing parotid gland [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: palate bone

• Deleted
  • - palate bone comment Usage notes: this is distinct (but not disjoint) from palatine bone
• Added
  • + palate bone curator notes this is distinct (but not disjoint) from palatine bone

Changes for: mesenchyme of tongue

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of tongue comment todo - develops_from
  • - mesenchyme of tongue definition Mesenchyme that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of tongue definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing tongue [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + mesenchyme of tongue editor note TODO - develops_from

Changes for: mesenchyme of nasal septum

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of nasal septum definition Mesenchyme that is part of a nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of nasal septum definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing nasal septum [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of submandibular gland

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of submandibular gland definition Mesenchyme that is part of a submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of submandibular gland definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing submandibular gland [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of soft palate

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of soft palate definition Mesenchyme that is part of a soft palate [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of soft palate definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing soft palate [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: fovea capitis of femur

• Deleted
  • - fovea capitis of femur comment Absent in pinnipeds

Changes for: vomeronasal nerve

• Deleted
  • - vomeronasal nerve comment in the human this disappears before birth
• Added
  • + vomeronasal nerve taxon notes In the human this disappears before birth

Changes for: hyaloid artery

• Deleted
  • - hyaloid artery SubClassOf head blood vessel
  • - hyaloid artery SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
  • - hyaloid artery comment ZFA def is: Artery that is internal to the eye; this is more general than the human-centric definition here..
  • - hyaloid artery definition The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet’s canal. Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as ‘floaters’. An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf’s dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister’s papilla. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaloid_artery }
• Added
  • + hyaloid artery SubClassOf hyaloid vessel
  • + hyaloid artery SubClassOf supplies some lens of camera-type eye
  • + hyaloid artery comment Taxon notes: In humans, Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet’s canal. Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as ‘floaters’. An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf’s dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister’s papilla
  • + hyaloid artery definition An artery that is part of the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaloid_artery }

Changes for: reticular formation

• Deleted
  • - reticular formation comment note that this class denotes the generic structure, and not a specific one such as medullary or pontine reticular formation.
• Added
  • + reticular formation comment Usage notes: this class denotes the generic structure, and not a specific one such as medullary or pontine reticular formation.

Changes for: pedal digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit I metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit II metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit III metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: optic recess of third ventricle

• Deleted
  • - optic recess of third ventricle comment TODO - check taxonomic grouping
• Added
  • + optic recess of third ventricle editor note TODO - check taxonomic grouping

Changes for: scala media

• Deleted
  • - scala media comment TODO: check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media
• Added
  • + scala media editor note TODO - check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media

Changes for: manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit V metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit I metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit II metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit III metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit IV metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 1 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - pedal digit 1 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 1. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 1. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + pedal digit 1 mesenchyme has exact synonym pedal digit I mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 metatarsal cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit V metatarsal cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - manual digit 1 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 1. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + manual digit 1 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 1. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + manual digit 1 mesenchyme has exact synonym manual digit I mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 metatarsal cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 metatarsal cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit IV metatarsal cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: supraorbital gland

• Deleted
  • - supraorbital gland definition The supraorbital gland is a type of lateral nasal gland found in some species of marine birds, particularly penguins, which removes sodium chloride from the bloodstream. The gland’s function is similar to that of the kidneys, though it is much more efficient at removing salt, allowing Penguins to survive without access to fresh water. Contrary to popular belief, the gland does not directly convert saltwater to freshwater. The term supraorbital refers to the area just above the eye socket (which is known as the orbit of the eye. ) Living in saltwater environments would naturally pose a large problem for penguins because the ingestion of saltwater would be detrimental to a penguin’s health. Although penguins do not directly drink water, it is taken in when they engulf prey. As a result, saltwater enters their system and must be effectively excreted. The supraorbital gland has thus enabled the penguins’ survival in such environments due to its water-filtering capability. The gland is located just above the eyes and surrounds a capillary in the head. This capillary constantly strains out the salt in the saltwater that a penguin takes in. Since the byproduct of the gland has roughly five times as much salt as would normally be found in the animal’s fluids, the supraorbital gland is highly efficient. The penguin excretes the salt byproduct as a brine through its bill. Often, the fluid drips out, and this gives the appearance of a runny nose. However, the fluid may also be sneezed out. In the absence of saltwater, caused by captivity, the supraorbital gland will lie dormant as it has no other purpose. Having a dormant supraorbital gland does not negatively affect the health of a penguin. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraorbital_gland }
• Added
  • + supraorbital gland comment Function notes: The gland’s function is similar to that of the kidneys, though it is much more efficient at removing salt, allowing Penguins to survive without access to fresh water. Contrary to popular belief, the gland does not directly convert saltwater to freshwater. The term supraorbital refers to the area just above the eye socket (which is known as the orbit of the eye. ) Living in saltwater environments would naturally pose a large problem for penguins because the ingestion of saltwater would be detrimental to a penguin’s health. Although penguins do not directly drink water, it is taken in when they engulf prey. As a result, saltwater enters their system and must be effectively excreted. The supraorbital gland has thus enabled the penguins’ survival in such environments due to its water-filtering capability. The gland is located just above the eyes and surrounds a capillary in the head. This capillary constantly strains out the salt in the saltwater that a penguin takes in. Since the byproduct of the gland has roughly five times as much salt as would normally be found in the animal’s fluids, the supraorbital gland is highly efficient. The penguin excretes the salt byproduct as a brine through its bill. Often, the fluid drips out, and this gives the appearance of a runny nose. However, the fluid may also be sneezed out. In the absence of saltwater, caused by captivity, the supraorbital gland will lie dormant as it has no other purpose. Having a dormant supraorbital gland does not negatively affect the health of a penguin
  • + supraorbital gland definition A lateral nasal gland that removes sodium chloride from the bloodstream. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraorbital_gland }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 metatarsal cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 metatarsal cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit II metatarsal cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 metatarsal cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 metatarsal cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit III metatarsal cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 1 metatarsal cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 metatarsal cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit I metatarsal cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit V metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit IV metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: foramen of Panizza

• Deleted
  • - foramen of Panizza definition The Foramen of Panizza is a hole with that connects the left and right aorta as they leave the heart of all animals of the order Crocodilia. Crocodilians have a completely separated ventricle with deoxygenated blood from the body, or systemic circulation, in the right ventricle and oxygenated blood from the lungs, or pulmonary circulation, in the left ventricle, as in birds and mammals. Two vessels, the left aorta and the pulmonary artery, exit the right ventricle. Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, as in mammals and birds. However, when a unique active valve leading to the pulmonary artery contracts, pressure in the right ventricle can increase and blood can leave the right ventricle, enter the left aortic arch, and therefore bypass the pulmonary circulation. The foramen of panizza connects the left and right aorta. Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, sitting in the left aorta, can flow into the right aorta through the foramen of panizza. When the heart is relaxed, some oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, sitting in the right aorta, can flow into the left aorta across the foramen of panizza. However, some species of Crocodilians have regulatory sphincters that prevent unwanted flow of blood through the foramen of panizza during non-diving. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_of_Panizza }
• Added
  • + foramen of Panizza comment Crocodilians have a completely separated ventricle with deoxygenated blood from the body, or systemic circulation, in the right ventricle and oxygenated blood from the lungs, or pulmonary circulation, in the left ventricle, as in birds and mammals. Two vessels, the left aorta and the pulmonary artery, exit the right ventricle. Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, as in mammals and birds. However, when a unique active valve leading to the pulmonary artery contracts, pressure in the right ventricle can increase and blood can leave the right ventricle, enter the left aortic arch, and therefore bypass the pulmonary circulation. The foramen of panizza connects the left and right aorta. Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, sitting in the left aorta, can flow into the right aorta through the foramen of panizza. When the heart is relaxed, some oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, sitting in the right aorta, can flow into the left aorta across the foramen of panizza. However, some species of Crocodilians have regulatory sphincters that prevent unwanted flow of blood through the foramen of panizza during non-diving
  • + foramen of Panizza definition A hole with that connects the left and right aorta in animals of the order Crocodilia. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_of_Panizza }

Changes for: entire embryonic mesenchyme

• Added
  • + entire embryonic mesenchyme SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: pedal digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit I phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit II phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit III phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit IV phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym pedal digit V phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: uterine horn

• Deleted
  • - uterine horn comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: manual digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit V phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit IV phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit III phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit II phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: spinal cord

• Deleted
  • - spinal cord comment TODO: add superclass to unify with VNC?
• Added
  • + spinal cord editor note TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC?

Changes for: manual digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 metacarpus cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit I metacarpus cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit II metacarpus cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 metacarpus cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit V metacarpus cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation has exact synonym manual digit I phalanx pre-cartilage condensation { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: lobe of thyroid gland

• Deleted
  • - lobe of thyroid gland SubClassOf organ part
  • - lobe of thyroid gland comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - lobe of thyroid gland definition The lobes of the thyroid gland are conical in shape, the apex of each being directed upward and lateralward as far as the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thyroid cartilage; the base looks downward, and is on a level with the fifth or sixth tracheal ring. Each lobe is about 5 cm. long; its greatest width is about 3 cm. , and its thickness about 2 cm. The lateral or superficial surface is convex, and covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasciæ, the Sternocleidomastoideus, the superior belly of the Omohyoideus, the Sternohyoideus and Sternothyreoideus, and beneath the last muscle by the pretracheal layer of the deep fascia, which forms a capsule for the gland. The deep or medial surface is moulded over the underlying structures, viz. , the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the trachea, the Constrictor pharyngis inferior and posterior part of the Cricothyreoideus, the esophagus (particularly on the left side of the neck), the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves. The anterior border is thin, and inclines obliquely from above downward toward the middle line of the neck, while the posterior border is thick and overlaps the common carotid artery, and, as a rule, the parathyroids. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobes_of_thyroid_gland }
• Added
  • + lobe of thyroid gland EquivalentTo anatomical lobe and part of some thyroid gland
  • + lobe of thyroid gland SubClassOf anatomical lobe
  • + lobe of thyroid gland comment The lobes of the thyroid gland are conical in shape, the apex of each being directed upward and lateralward as far as the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thyroid cartilage; the base looks downward, and is on a level with the fifth or sixth tracheal ring. Each lobe is about 5 cm. long; its greatest width is about 3 cm. , and its thickness about 2 cm. The lateral or superficial surface is convex, and covered by the skin, the superficial and deep fasciæ, the Sternocleidomastoideus, the superior belly of the Omohyoideus, the Sternohyoideus and Sternothyreoideus, and beneath the last muscle by the pretracheal layer of the deep fascia, which forms a capsule for the gland. The deep or medial surface is moulded over the underlying structures, viz. , the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, the trachea, the Constrictor pharyngis inferior and posterior part of the Cricothyreoideus, the esophagus (particularly on the left side of the neck), the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves. The anterior border is thin, and inclines obliquely from above downward toward the middle line of the neck, while the posterior border is thick and overlaps the common carotid artery, and, as a rule, the parathyroids
  • + lobe of thyroid gland definition A lobe of tissue that is part of a thyroid gland. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: manual digit 3 metacarpus cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 metacarpus cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit III metacarpus cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 metacarpus cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 metacarpus cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit IV metacarpus cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: splenius

• Deleted
  • - splenius comment Muscle of neck in NA
  • - splenius definition . { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius }
• Added
  • + splenius SubClassOf has part some part of some dorsal part of neck
  • + splenius SubClassOf innervated by some dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
  • + splenius SubClassOf muscle of back
  • + splenius SubClassOf part of some dorsum
  • + splenius comment AO notes: Muscle of neck in MA
  • + splenius definition A superficial postvertebral muscle innervated by the posterior ramus of the cervical spinal nerve with origins in the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinous processes whose actions are to extend and ipsilaterally rotate the head and neck. Examples: splenius capitis, splenius cervicis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: thyroglossal duct

• Deleted
  • - thyroglossal duct comment FMA treats this as vestigial
• Added
  • + thyroglossal duct comment AO notes: FMA treats this as vestigial

Changes for: vomeronasal organ

• Deleted
  • - vomeronasal organ definition The vomeronasal organ (VNO), or Jacobson’s organ, is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals. It was discovered by Ludwig Jacobson in 1813. During embryological development, it forms from the nasal (olfactory) placode, at the anterior edge of the neural plate. It is a chemoreceptor organ which is completely separated from the nasal cavity the majority of the time, being enclosed in a separate bony or cartilaginous capsule which opens into the base of the nasal cavity. It is a tubular crescent shape and split into two pairs, separated by the nasal septum. It is the first processing stage of the accessory olfactory system, after which chemical stimuli go to the accessory olfactory bulb, then to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus. The vomeronasal organ is mainly used to detect pheromones, chemical messengers that carry information between individuals of the same species, hence is sometimes referred to as the ‘sixth sense. ‘ The VNO has two separate types of neuronal receptors, V1R and V2R, which are seven-transmembrane receptors that are coupled to G proteins. The receptors are distinct from each other and form the large family of receptors in the main olfactory system. Evidence shows that the VNO responds to nonvolatile cues which stimulate the receptor neurons. Information is then transferred to the accessory olfactory bulb as well as other centres of the brain such as the anterior part of the hypothalamus. Its presence in many animals has been widely studied and the importance of the vomeronasal system to the role of reproduction and social behavior (through influence on anterior hypothalamus) has been shown in many studies. Its presence and functionality in humans is widely controversial, though most studies agree the organ regresses during fetal development. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomeronasal_organ }
  • - vomeronasal organ has exact synonym organon vomeronasale
  • - vomeronasal organ has exact synonym organum vomeronasale { database cross reference=BTO:0002608 }
  • - vomeronasal organ has related synonym organum vomeronasale { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomeronasal_organ , has synonym type=latin term }
• Added
  • + vomeronasal organ definition An organ thought to supplement the olfactory system in receiving pheromonic communication. The sensory part of the organ is in two long, thin sacs, situated on either side of the nasal septum at its base. { database cross reference=VHOG:0000665 }
  • + vomeronasal organ has exact synonym organon vomeronasale { has synonym type=latin term }
  • + vomeronasal organ has exact synonym organum vomeronasale { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomeronasal_organ , has synonym type=latin term }

Changes for: pupillary membrane

• Deleted
  • - pupillary membrane SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + pupillary membrane SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: skeletal muscle tissue

• Deleted
  • - skeletal muscle tissue comment TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle.
• Added
  • + skeletal muscle tissue editor note TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle.

Changes for: dorsal root of spinal cord

• Deleted
  • - dorsal root of spinal cord comment FMA xref is ‘general anatomical term’. We xref both to ensure equivalence.
• Added
  • + dorsal root of spinal cord comment AO notes: FMA xref is ‘general anatomical term’. We xref both to ensure equivalence.

Changes for: ventral root of spinal cord

• Deleted
  • - ventral root of spinal cord comment FMA:77516 xref is a ‘general anatomical term’. We xref both to ensure equivalence.
• Added
  • + ventral root of spinal cord comment AO notes: FMA:77516 xref is a ‘general anatomical term’. We xref both to ensure equivalence.

Changes for: testicular vein

• Deleted
  • - testicular vein comment Comment: todo - check testicular vs spermatic vein (MA:0002218)
• Added
  • + testicular vein comment comment: editor note: TODO - check testicular vs spermatic vein (MA:0002218)

Changes for: vasculature of eye

• Deleted
  • - vasculature of eye SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
  • - vasculature of eye comment not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA
• Added
  • + vasculature of eye SubClassOf develops from some eye mesenchyme
  • + vasculature of eye SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure
  • + vasculature of eye external ontology notes not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA { external ontology=ZFA }

Changes for: colon

• Deleted
  • - colon comment TODO: abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates
• Added
  • + colon editor note TODO - abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates

Changes for: synovial joint

• Deleted
  • - synovial joint comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: interparietal bone

• Deleted
  • - interparietal bone comment . Editor notes: consider splitting classes for inter-parietal and post-parietal. postparietals paired in reptiles, fused in mammals.
• Added
  • + interparietal bone editor note consider splitting classes for inter-parietal and post-parietal. postparietals paired in reptiles, fused in mammals.

Changes for: common hepatic duct

• Deleted
  • - common hepatic duct comment TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part
• Added
  • + common hepatic duct editor note TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part

Changes for: left testicular artery

• Deleted
  • - left testicular artery SubClassOf genital artery

Changes for: right testicular artery

• Deleted
  • - right testicular artery SubClassOf genital artery

Changes for: testicular artery

• Deleted
  • - testicular artery SubClassOf artery
  • - testicular artery definition The testicular artery (the male gonadal artery, also called the internal spermatic arteries in older texts) is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the testis. It is a paired artery, with one for each of the testes. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian artery. Because the testis is found in a different location than that of its female equivalent, it has a different course than the ovarian artery. They are two slender vessels of considerable length, and arise from the front of the aorta a little below the renal arteries. Each passes obliquely downward and lateralward behind the peritoneum, resting on the Psoas major, the right spermatic lying in front of the inferior vena cava and behind the middle colic and ileocolic arteries and the terminal part of the ileum, the left behind the left colic and sigmoid arteries and the iliac colon. Each crosses obliquely over the ureter and the lower part of the external iliac artery to reach the abdominal inguinal ring, through which it passes, and accompanies the other constituents of the spermatic cord along the inguinal canal to the scrotum, where it becomes tortuous, and divides into several branches. Two or three of these accompany the ductus deferens, and supply the epididymis, anastomosing with the artery of the ductus deferens; others pierce the back part of the tunica albuginea, and supply the substance of the testis. The internal spermatic artery supplies one or two small branches to the ureter, and in the inguinal canal gives one or two twigs to the Cremaster. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_artery }
• Added
  • + testicular artery SubClassOf branching part of some abdominal aorta
  • + testicular artery SubClassOf genital artery
  • + testicular artery definition One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_artery , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: embryonic urethral groove

• Deleted
  • - embryonic urethral groove SubClassOf male anatomical structure
  • - embryonic urethral groove SubClassOf part of some penis
  • - embryonic urethral groove SubClassOf reproductive structure
  • - embryonic urethral groove definition The urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. In humans, it typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethral_groove }
• Added
  • + embryonic urethral groove SubClassOf mesoderm-derived structure
  • + embryonic urethral groove comment Taxon notes: In humans, the urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. It typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week[Wikipedia:Urethral_groove]
  • + embryonic urethral groove definition The precursor of the urethra { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: bronchus

• Deleted
  • - bronchus comment In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue
• Added
  • + bronchus taxon notes In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue

Changes for: main bronchus

• Deleted
  • - main bronchus comment In humans, histologically identical to trachea.
• Added
  • + main bronchus taxon notes In humans, histologically identical to trachea.

Changes for: lateral reticular nucleus

• Deleted
  • - lateral reticular nucleus comment Comment: note in ABA this is disjoint from MDR, but we relax this here to accomodate FMA
• Added
  • + lateral reticular nucleus external ontology notes in ABA this is disjoint from MDR, but we relax this here to accomodate FMA { external ontology=ABA }

Changes for: ciliary processes

• Deleted
  • - ciliary processes SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + ciliary processes SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: chitin-based cuticle

• Deleted
  • - chitin-based cuticle comment TODO - split from exoskeleton? Also: See above sf item to see if this belongs in GO
• Added
  • + chitin-based cuticle editor note TODO - split from exoskeleton? Also: See above sf item to see if this belongs in GO

Changes for: vas deferens

• Deleted
  • - vas deferens comment Taxon notes (from WP): Most vertebrates have some form of duct to transfer the sperm from the testes to the urethra. In cartilaginous fish and amphibians, sperm is carried through the archinephric duct, which also partially helps to transport urine from the kidneys. In teleosts, there is a distinct sperm duct, separate from the ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans. In cartilaginous fishes, the part of the archinephric duct closest to the testis is coiled up to form an epididymis. Below this are a number of small glands secreting components of the seminal fluid. The final portion of the duct also receives ducts from the kidneys in most species. In amniotes, however, the archinephric duct has become a true vas deferens, and is used only for conducting sperm, never urine. As in cartilaginous fish, the upper part of the duct forms the epididymis. In many species, the vas deferens ends in a small sac for storing sperm. The only vertebrates to lack any structure resembling a vas deferens are the primitive jawless fishes, which release sperm directly into the body cavity, and then into the surrounding water through a simple opening in the body wall.
• Added
  • + vas deferens taxon notes Most vertebrates have some form of duct to transfer the sperm from the testes to the urethra. In cartilaginous fish and amphibians, sperm is carried through the archinephric duct, which also partially helps to transport urine from the kidneys. In teleosts, there is a distinct sperm duct, separate from the ureters, and often called the vas deferens, although probably not truly homologous with that in humans. In cartilaginous fishes, the part of the archinephric duct closest to the testis is coiled up to form an epididymis. Below this are a number of small glands secreting components of the seminal fluid. The final portion of the duct also receives ducts from the kidneys in most species. In amniotes, however, the archinephric duct has become a true vas deferens, and is used only for conducting sperm, never urine. As in cartilaginous fish, the upper part of the duct forms the epididymis. In many species, the vas deferens ends in a small sac for storing sperm. The only vertebrates to lack any structure resembling a vas deferens are the primitive jawless fishes, which release sperm directly into the body cavity, and then into the surrounding water through a simple opening in the body wall.[WP]

Changes for: respiratory airway

• Deleted
  • - respiratory airway comment This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends
• Added
  • + respiratory airway curator notes This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends

Changes for: cuticle

• Deleted
  • - cuticle comment TODO - check cuticle vs exoskeleton. Note that GO has a very generic definition of cuticle. See also arthropod-anatomy ontology. Note in ncit Cuticle is a plant part
• Added
  • + cuticle editor note TODO - check cuticle vs exoskeleton. Note that GO has a very generic definition of cuticle. See also arthropod-anatomy ontology. Note in ncit Cuticle is a plant part

Changes for: renal system

• Deleted
  • - renal system comment In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here
• Added
  • + renal system editor note In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here

Changes for: circulatory system

• Deleted
  • - circulatory system comment the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system
• Added
  • + circulatory system curator notes the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system

Changes for: locus ceruleus

• Deleted
  • - locus ceruleus comment TODO - check ZFA/pons. also GO says part of dorsorostral pons
• Added
  • + locus ceruleus editor note TODO - check ZFA/pons. also GO says part of dorsorostral pons

Changes for: adipose tissue

• Deleted
  • - adipose tissue comment Taxon notes: n humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen.
• Added
  • + adipose tissue taxon notes In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen.

Changes for: nerve fasciculus

• Deleted
  • - nerve fasciculus comment TODO - invert specific? note FBbt class not disjoint from tract. Consider merging with ‘neuron projection bundle’
• Added
  • + nerve fasciculus editor note TODO - invert specific? note FBbt class not disjoint from tract. Consider merging with ‘neuron projection bundle’

Changes for: jejunum

• Deleted
  • - jejunum comment TODO consider ZFA:0001323 mid intestine, see also small intestine
• Added
  • + jejunum editor note TODO consider ZFA:0001323 mid intestine, see also small intestine

Changes for: ileum

• Deleted
  • - ileum comment TODO consider ZFA:0000706 posterior intestine, see also colon
• Added
  • + ileum editor note TODO consider ZFA:0000706 posterior intestine, see also colon

Changes for: gallbladder

• Deleted
  • - gallbladder SubClassOf abdomen organ
  • - gallbladder SubClassOf viscus
• Added
  • + gallbladder SubClassOf abdominal viscera

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: saliva-secreting gland

• Deleted
  • - salivary gland SubClassOf gland of foregut
  • - salivary gland SubClassOf part of some foregut
  • - salivary gland comment currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals.[3] The salivary glands of some species, however, are modified to produce enzymes; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of poisonous snakes, Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands
  • - salivary gland definition saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_gland , database cross reference=GO:0007431 }
  • - salivary gland label salivary gland
• Added
  • + saliva-secreting gland SubClassOf part of some exocrine system
  • + saliva-secreting gland comment Taxon notes: The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research. The salivary glands of some species are modified to produce enzymes; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of poisonous snakes, Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands
  • + saliva-secreting gland curator notes currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals.[3]
  • + saliva-secreting gland definition saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO] { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivary_gland , database cross reference=GO:0007431 }
  • + saliva-secreting gland has exact synonym salivary gland { database cross reference=MA:0000346 }
  • + saliva-secreting gland label saliva-secreting gland

Changes for: neural tube

• Deleted
  • - neural tube comment The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium[GO:0021915]
• Added
  • + neural tube development notes The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium[GO:0021915]

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 2

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 1

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 4

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 3

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 5

• Added
  • + distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 has exact synonym distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: spleen

• Deleted
  • - spleen SubClassOf abdomen organ
  • - spleen SubClassOf viscus
• Added
  • + spleen SubClassOf abdominal viscera

Changes for: trunk

• Deleted
  • - trunk SubClassOf has part some abdomen
  • - trunk comment editor note - check AAO

Changes for: neuromuscular junction

• Deleted
  • - neuromuscular junction comment TODO - use GO
• Added
  • + neuromuscular junction editor note TODO - use GO

Changes for: sensory nerve

• Deleted
  • - sensory nerve comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: cell body

• Deleted
  • - cell body comment TODO - use GO
• Added
  • + cell body editor note TODO - use GO

Changes for: pedal digit 7 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + pedal digit 7 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym pedal digit VII digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 8 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + pedal digit 8 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym pedal digit VIII digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: strand of hair

• Deleted
  • - strand of hair comment this class defines an individual hair. todo - consider fur / coat of fur, which has_part hair. TODO: for now we treat vibrissa/whisker as a syonym, but these have different follicles. We could introduce subclasses (see also: Pangolin scales)
• Added
  • + strand of hair curator notes this class defines an individual hair
  • + strand of hair editor note TODO for now we treat vibrissa/whisker as a syonym, but these have different follicles. We could introduce subclasses (see also: Pangolin scales)

Changes for: chordotonal organ

• Deleted
  • - chordotonal organ comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
• Added
  • + chordotonal organ comment To be ceded to Arthropod anatomy ontology

Changes for: dento-alveolar joint

• Deleted
  • - dento-alveolar joint comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: gustatory system

• Deleted
  • - gustatory system comment in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes
• Added
  • + gustatory system external ontology notes in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes { external ontology=ZFA }

Changes for: neurilemma

• Deleted
  • - neurilemma comment FMA def is ‘Neural tissue which consists of Schwann cells’ which does not fit, but we still use ‘neural tissue’ here. WP def specifically states Schwann cells, which would restrict it to PNS
• Added
  • + neurilemma external ontology notes FMA def is ‘Neural tissue which consists of Schwann cells’ which does not fit, but we still use ‘neural tissue’ here. WP def specifically states Schwann cells, which would restrict it to PNS { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: choroidal gland

• Deleted
  • - choroidal gland SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + choroidal gland SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: stratum argenteum of choroid

• Deleted
  • - stratum argenteum of choroid SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + stratum argenteum of choroid SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: blood vessel layer of choroid

• Deleted
  • - blood vessel layer of choroid SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + blood vessel layer of choroid SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: myocardium of ventricle

• Deleted
  • - myocardium of ventricle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac muscle of cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac muscle of heart ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac muscle of lower chamber of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac muscle of ventricle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac ventricle cardiac muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac ventricle heart muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac ventricle heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac ventricle muscle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac ventricle myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart muscle of cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart muscle of heart ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart muscle of lower chamber of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart muscle of ventricle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart myocardium of cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart myocardium of heart ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart myocardium of lower chamber of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart myocardium of ventricle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart ventricle cardiac muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart ventricle heart muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart ventricle heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart ventricle muscle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart ventricle myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym lower chamber of heart cardiac muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym lower chamber of heart heart muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym lower chamber of heart heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym lower chamber of heart muscle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym lower chamber of heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym muscle of heart of cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym muscle of heart of heart ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym muscle of heart of lower chamber of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym muscle of heart of ventricle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym myocardium of cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym myocardium of heart ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym myocardium of lower chamber of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym myocardium of ventricle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym ventricle of heart cardiac muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym ventricle of heart heart muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym ventricle of heart heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym ventricle of heart muscle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of ventricle has exact synonym ventricle of heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: epicardium of ventricle

• Deleted
  • - epicardium of ventricle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - epicardium of ventricle definition The external layer of the ventricle bounding the ventricular myocardium. It is formed by a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a basal lamina, and imbricated with collagen, fibroblasts, and vascular structures in the subepicardial space.[Hu et al. 2001] { database cross reference=ZFIN:curator }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac ventricle heart epicardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym cardiac ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym epicardium of cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym epicardium of heart ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym epicardium of lower chamber of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym epicardium of ventricle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart epicardium of cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart epicardium of heart ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart epicardium of lower chamber of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart epicardium of ventricle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart ventricle epicardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart ventricle heart epicardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym heart ventricle visceral serous pericardium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym lower chamber of heart epicardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym lower chamber of heart heart epicardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym lower chamber of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym ventricle of heart epicardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym ventricle of heart heart epicardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym ventricle of heart visceral serous pericardium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym visceral serous pericardium of heart of cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym visceral serous pericardium of heart of heart ventricle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym visceral serous pericardium of heart of lower chamber of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - epicardium of ventricle has exact synonym visceral serous pericardium of heart of ventricle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + epicardium of ventricle definition An epicardial layer that lines a cardiac ventricle { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: skin of trunk

• Deleted
  • - skin of trunk comment todo - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
• Added
  • + skin of trunk editor note TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region

Changes for: skin of head

• Deleted
  • - skin of head comment todo - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
• Added
  • + skin of head editor note TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region

Changes for: pleural fluid

• Deleted
  • - pleural fluid comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: sweat

• Deleted
  • - sweat comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - sweat definition Secretion produced by a sweat gland.[FMA] { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat , database cross reference=FMA:FMA }
• Added
  • + sweat definition Secretion produced by a sweat gland.[FMA] { database cross reference=FMA:12275 }

Changes for: urine

• Deleted
  • - urine comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - urine definition Excretion in liquid state processed by the kidney.[FMA] { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine , database cross reference=FMA:FMA }
• Added
  • + urine definition Excretion that is the output of a kidney { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine }
  • + urine taxon notes kidney excreta from some taxa (e.g. in aves) may not be liquid

Changes for: cortical marginal zone

• Deleted
  • - cortical marginal zone comment TODO; add other marginal zones; determine correct developmental relationships
• Added
  • + cortical marginal zone editor note TODO add other marginal zones; determine correct developmental relationships

Changes for: vertebral bone 1

• Deleted
  • - vertebral bone 1 comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - vertebral bone 1 definition . { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(anatomy) }
• Added
  • + vertebral bone 1 definition The first vertebral bone in the vertebral column. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: synovial fluid

• Deleted
  • - synovial fluid comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: vertebral bone 2

• Deleted
  • - vertebral bone 2 definition second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_(anatomy) }
• Added
  • + vertebral bone 2 definition The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: skin of back

• Deleted
  • - skin of back comment todo - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
• Added
  • + skin of back editor note TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region

Changes for: parotid duct

• Deleted
  • - parotid duct comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - parotid duct definition The parotid duct, also known as Stensen’s duct, is the route that saliva takes from the parotid gland into the mouth. It passes through the buccal fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator muscle then opens into the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper second molar tooth. The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents inflation of the duct during blowing. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotid_duct }
• Added
  • + parotid duct comment It passes through the buccal fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator muscle then opens into the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper second molar tooth. The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents inflation of the duct during blowing. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve[Wikipedia:Parotid_duct]
  • + parotid duct definition The duct portion of the parotid gland. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: intervertebral disk

• Deleted
  • - intervertebral disk comment Taxon/Terminology notes: strictly speaking the term intervertebral disk [applies to intervertebral cartilage] whose gel-like core is nucleus puloposus, by this definition only in mammals
• Added
  • + intervertebral disk comment whose gel-like core is nucleus puloposus, by this definition only in mammals
  • + intervertebral disk taxon notes strictly speaking the term intervertebral disk [applies to intervertebral cartilage]

Changes for: ileocecal junction

• Deleted
  • - ileocecal junction comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: posterior vena cava

• Deleted
  • - inferior vena cava comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - inferior vena cava definition Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava }
  • - inferior vena cava has exact synonym posterior vena cava
  • - inferior vena cava label inferior vena cava
• Added
  • + posterior vena cava definition A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + posterior vena cava external definition Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA]. { source=FMA:10951 }
  • + posterior vena cava has exact synonym inferior vena cava { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venae_cavae }
  • + posterior vena cava has exact synonym posterior vena cava { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venae_cavae }
  • + posterior vena cava label posterior vena cava

Changes for: prezygapophysis

• Deleted
  • - prezygapophysis comment TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural?
• Added
  • + prezygapophysis editor note TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural?

Changes for: pennate muscle

• Deleted
  • - pennate muscle external ontology notes the FMA class does not denote a muscle organ. todo: add child classes { external ontology=FMA }
• Added
  • + pennate muscle external ontology notes the FMA class does not denote a muscle organ. editor note: TODO add child classes { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: plastron

• Deleted
  • - plastron comment note BTO class is more general
• Added
  • + plastron external ontology notes BTO class is more general { external ontology=BTO }

Changes for: carapace

• Deleted
  • - carapace comment note BTO class is more general
• Added
  • + carapace external ontology notes BTO class is more general { external ontology=BTO }

Changes for: cerebral cortex marginal layer

• Deleted
  • - cerebral cortex marginal layer comment AO notes: EMAPA temporally divides this into zone and layer
• Added
  • + cerebral cortex marginal layer external ontology notes EMAPA temporally divides this into zone and layer { external ontology=EMAPA }

Changes for: spine appendage

• Deleted
  • - spine appendage comment Editor note: May be reclassified depending on CARO treatment of appendage
• Added
  • + spine appendage editor note May be reclassified depending on CARO treatment of appendage

Changes for: T cell domain

• Deleted
  • - T cell domain comment todo - check
• Added
  • + T cell domain editor note TODO - check

Changes for: B cell domain

• Deleted
  • - B cell domain comment todo - check
• Added
  • + B cell domain editor note TODO - check

Changes for: lymphocyte domain

• Deleted
  • - lymphocyte domain comment todo - check
• Added
  • + lymphocyte domain editor note TODO - check

Changes for: spleen marginal sinus

• Deleted
  • - spleen marginal sinus comment Note that there is no consensus in the literature about which compartments constitute the white pulp or the ramifications of the microvasculature. In addition, notable differences exist between humans and rodents. In this ontology, the marginal sinus (which may not exist in human) has been included as part of the white pulp. The perifollicular zone, which is present in human and not rodents, may be the functional equivalent of the marginal sinus in rodents.[MP:0002363]
• Added
  • + spleen marginal sinus editor note Note that there is no consensus in the literature about which compartments constitute the white pulp or the ramifications of the microvasculature. In addition, notable differences exist between humans and rodents. In this ontology, the marginal sinus (which may not exist in human) has been included as part of the white pulp. The perifollicular zone, which is present in human and not rodents, may be the functional equivalent of the marginal sinus in rodents.[MP:0002363]

Changes for: bone of hip region

• Deleted
  • - bone of hip region comment in MA, this includes the femur. i.e. pelvic girdle bone or femur; note that this makes the ilium etc in MA hindlimb bones. in MA this is a hindlimb bone
• Added
  • + bone of hip region external ontology notes in MA, this includes the femur. i.e. pelvic girdle bone or femur; note that this makes the ilium etc in MA hindlimb bones. in MA this is a hindlimb bone { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: scute

• Deleted
  • - scute comment Currently being reviewed by PHENOSCAPE:ad
• Added
  • + scute editor note Currently being reviewed by PHENOSCAPE:ad

Changes for: neurohypophysis

• Deleted
  • - neurohypophysis definition comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurohypophysis }
• Added
  • + neurohypophysis definition the posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon. { database cross reference=MP:0004164 }

Changes for: otic capsule pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + otic capsule pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: cerebellar peduncular complex

• Deleted
  • - cerebellar peduncular complex comment todo - this requires work for making consistent with ABA, which strictly separates cerebellum from brainstem. in MA, cerebellar peduncle is part of both brainstem and cerebellar white matter.
• Added
  • + cerebellar peduncular complex editor note TODO - this requires work for making consistent with ABA, which strictly separates cerebellum from brainstem. in MA, cerebellar peduncle is part of both brainstem and cerebellar white matter.

Changes for: epicranium

• Deleted
  • - epicranium comment todo - add parts
• Added
  • + epicranium editor note TODO - add parts

Changes for: eyelid mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - eyelid mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a eyelid. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + eyelid mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing eyelid. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: conjunctival vein

• Deleted
  • - conjunctival vein SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + conjunctival vein SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: epithelial scleral papilla layer

• Deleted
  • - epithelial scleral papilla layer comment Taxon notes: Scleral papillae (which induce scleral ossicles in birds) have not been reported in teleosts, but evidence for their presence may not have been sought
• Added
  • + epithelial scleral papilla layer taxon notes Scleral papillae (which induce scleral ossicles in birds) have not been reported in teleosts, but evidence for their presence may not have been sought

Changes for: palpebral bone

• Deleted
  • - palpebral bone comment Editor notes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496288 says ‘invests’ the eyelid, is this consistent across taxa?
• Added
  • + palpebral bone editor note PMID:16496288 says ‘invests’ the eyelid, is this consistent across taxa?

Changes for: gustatory gland

• Deleted
  • - gustatory gland SubClassOf part of some tongue
• Added
  • + gustatory gland SubClassOf part of some posterior part of tongue

Changes for: cecal tonsil

• Deleted
  • - cecal tonsil comment In avians the polycryptic cecal tissue is similar to the mammalian palatine tonsil
• Added
  • + cecal tonsil taxon notes In avians the polycryptic cecal tissue is similar to the mammalian palatine tonsil

Changes for: cranial skeletal system

• Deleted
  • - cranial skeletal system comment Usage notes: that the cranial skeleton includes the pharyngeal arch skeleton. It is thus more inclusive that the cranium itself, and extends beyond the head in tetrapods. The AAO class called ‘skull’ belongs here, as it includes the whole splanchnocranium. Editor notes: we use ‘cranial skeletal system’, so that we can include the skull, which has joints/sutures as parts (recall, we follow FMA in distinguishing between the skeleton and skeletal system - only the latter includes joints)
• Added
  • + cranial skeletal system curator notes that the cranial skeleton includes the pharyngeal arch skeleton. It is thus more inclusive that the cranium itself, and extends beyond the head in tetrapods. The AAO class called ‘skull’ belongs here, as it includes the whole splanchnocranium
  • + cranial skeletal system editor note we use ‘cranial skeletal system’, so that we can include the skull, which has joints/sutures as parts (recall, we follow FMA in distinguishing between the skeleton and skeletal system - only the latter includes joints)

Changes for: pyramidal layer of CA1

• Deleted
  • - pyramidal layer of CA1 database cross reference BAMS:sp
  • - pyramidal layer of CA1 has related synonym CA2 stratum pyramidale { database cross reference=BAMS:sp }
  • - pyramidal layer of CA1 has related synonym CA3 stratum pyramidale { database cross reference=BAMS:sp }

Changes for: pleural cavity

• Deleted
  • - pleural cavity comment Note the EHDAA2 class is not quite equivalent. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86
• Added
  • + pleural cavity external ontology notes the EHDAA2 class is not quite equivalent. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86 { external ontology=EHDAA2 }

Changes for: cervical vertebra

• Deleted
  • - cervical vertebra comment In some species, some parts of the skull may be composed of vertebra-like elements, e.g. the occipital bone in humans is composed of four vertebra-like segments. In many vertebrate species, cervical vertebrae are variable in number; however, almost all mammals have seven (including those with very short necks relative to body size, such as elephants or whales, and those with very long necks, such as giraffes). The few exceptions include the manatee and the sloths, of which the two-toed sloth has six cervical vertebrae and the three-toed sloth has up to nine cervical vertebrae. In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. n humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery.
• Added
  • + cervical vertebra taxon notes In some species, some parts of the skull may be composed of vertebra-like elements, e.g. the occipital bone in humans is composed of four vertebra-like segments. In many vertebrate species, cervical vertebrae are variable in number; however, almost all mammals have seven (including those with very short necks relative to body size, such as elephants or whales, and those with very long necks, such as giraffes). The few exceptions include the manatee and the sloths, of which the two-toed sloth has six cervical vertebrae and the three-toed sloth has up to nine cervical vertebrae. In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. n humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery.

Changes for: autonomic nervous system

• Deleted
  • - autonomic nervous system comment FMA splits this into peripheral and nervous parts; GO has ANS directly under NS; PNS is a sib
• Added
  • + autonomic nervous system external ontology notes FMA splits this into peripheral and nervous parts; GO has ANS directly under NS; PNS is a sib { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: hippocampal formation

• Deleted
  • - hippocampal formation comment . BTO:0000601 is placed here since it includes the DG. GO also includes dentate gyrus development as part of hippocampus development, so we assume when GO says “hippocampus” it means “hippocampal formation”. In ABA HPF = (.. subiculum) + HIP, HIP = DG + AH.
• Added
  • + hippocampal formation comment BTO:0000601 is placed here since it includes the DG. GO also includes dentate gyrus development as part of hippocampus development, so we assume when GO says “hippocampus” it means “hippocampal formation”. In ABA HPF = (.. subiculum) + HIP, HIP = DG + AH.

Changes for: limb bone

• Deleted
  • - limb bone comment Note that the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids
• Added
  • + limb bone comment Usage Notes: the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 3 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 5

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of digit 5 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of digit 3

• Deleted
  • - distal interphalangeal joint of digit 3 comment in Equidae, this is known as the coffin joint, and is the articulation between the short pastern bone (P2) and the coffin bone (P3 / distal phalanx)
• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of digit 3 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of digit 3 taxon notes In Equidae, this is known as the coffin joint, and is the articulation between the short pastern bone (P2) and the coffin bone (P3 / distal phalanx)

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 3

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of digit 3 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 4

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of digit 4 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 2

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of digit 2 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of digit 1

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of digit 1 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: lens fiber

• Deleted
  • - lens fiber comment TODO - check plural vs singular. in FMA lens fiber is a cell - FMA:70950 Lens cell. Other ontologies don’t appear to commit one way or another.
• Added
  • + lens fiber editor note TODO - check plural vs singular. in FMA lens fiber is a cell - FMA:70950 Lens cell. Other ontologies don’t appear to commit one way or another.

Changes for: choroidal blood vessel

• Deleted
  • - choroidal blood vessel SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + choroidal blood vessel SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: ulnare

• Deleted
  • - ulnare comment note this bone is termed the triquetral bone in some mammalian taxa, notably humans
• Added
  • + ulnare terminology notes this bone is termed the triquetral bone in some mammalian taxa, notably humans

Changes for: uterine gland

• Deleted
  • - uterine gland comment todo - check FMA
• Added
  • + uterine gland editor note TODO - check FMA

Changes for: decidua

• Deleted
  • - decidua comment todo - check mp syn
• Added
  • + decidua editor note TODO - check mp syn

Changes for: internal thoracic artery

• Deleted
  • - internal thoracic artery comment note MA has both mammary and thoracic
• Added
  • + internal thoracic artery external ontology notes MA has both mammary and thoracic { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: lymphoid system

• Deleted
  • - lymphoid system comment We follow FMA and MA in distinguishing between lymphatic system and lymphoid system, with lymhoid tissue part of the non-lymphatic component, although these terms are often used interchangeably. We assume the ZFA term lymphatic tissue actually corresponds to the broader class (e.g. ZFA lymph node in the ZFA lymphatic system). See tracker for more comments.
• Added
  • + lymphoid system external ontology notes We follow FMA and MA in distinguishing between lymphatic system and lymphoid system, with lymhoid tissue part of the non-lymphatic component, although these terms are often used interchangeably. We assume the ZFA term lymphatic tissue actually corresponds to the broader class (e.g. ZFA lymph node in the ZFA lymphatic system). See tracker for more comments. { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: iris epithelium

• Added
  • + iris epithelium SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: layer of sclera

• Deleted
  • - layer of sclera SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + layer of sclera SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: associated mesenchyme of midgut

• Deleted
  • - associated mesenchyme of midgut definition Mesenchyme that is part of a midgut. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + associated mesenchyme of midgut definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing midgut. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: hyoid bone greater horn

• Deleted
  • - hyoid bone greater horn comment In humans, the greater cornua are the larger, more lateral projections from the left and right borders of the body of hyoid bone. They are in contrast to the lesser cornua, which also occur in pairs but are comparatively smaller and conical in shape. The greater cornua are derived from the third pharyngeal arches. [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
• Added
  • + hyoid bone greater horn taxon notes In humans, the greater cornua are the larger, more lateral projections from the left and right borders of the body of hyoid bone. They are in contrast to the lesser cornua, which also occur in pairs but are comparatively smaller and conical in shape. The greater cornua are derived from the third pharyngeal arches. [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]

Changes for: musculus retractor bulbi

• Deleted
  • - musculus retractor bulbi comment In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection[wiki/Abducens_nerve]
• Added
  • + musculus retractor bulbi taxon notes In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection[wiki/Abducens_nerve]

Changes for: conus arteriosus

• Deleted
  • - conus arteriosus comment Taxon notes: Kardong says absent in adult tetrapods, check AAO
• Added
  • + conus arteriosus taxon notes Kardong says absent in adult tetrapods, check AAO

Changes for: brain ventricle/choroid plexus

• Deleted
  • - brain ventricle/choroid plexus comment TODO - check relationship between CP and BV. If this is part of then this class should be obsoleted
• Added
  • + brain ventricle/choroid plexus editor note TODO - check relationship between CP and BV. If this is part of then this class should be obsoleted

Changes for: anterior buccal gland

• Deleted
  • - anterior buccal gland SubClassOf molar gland

Changes for: blood-air barrier

• Deleted
  • - blood-air barrier comment TODO - alveolar lumen
• Added
  • + blood-air barrier editor note TODO - alveolar lumen

Changes for: choroid tapetum lucidum

• Added
  • + choroid tapetum lucidum SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: zygomatic gland

• Deleted
  • - zygomatic gland SubClassOf molar gland

Changes for: placenta labyrinth

• Deleted
  • - placenta labyrinth comment . See also: http://placentation.ucsd.edu/placenta.html
• Added
  • + placenta labyrinth comment See also: http://placentation.ucsd.edu/placenta.html

Changes for: molar gland

• Deleted
  • - molar gland EquivalentTo minor salivary gland and part of some cheek
  • - molar gland SubClassOf minor salivary gland
  • - molar gland SubClassOf part of some cheek
  • - molar gland definition A minor salivary gland that is part of a cheek. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + molar gland SubClassOf buccal salivary gland

Changes for: bone marrow

• Deleted
  • - bone marrow comment TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs
• Added
  • + bone marrow editor note TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs

Changes for: somatic sensory system

• Deleted
  • - somatic sensory system comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + somatic sensory system editor note TODO - check

Changes for: aqueous drainage system

• Deleted
  • - aqueous drainage system SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + aqueous drainage system SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: Bruch’s membrane

• Deleted
  • - Bruch’s membrane SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + Bruch’s membrane SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: ocular fundus

• Deleted
  • - ocular fundus comment TODO - check relationships
• Added
  • + ocular fundus editor note TODO - check relationships

Changes for: peritoneum

• Deleted
  • - peritoneum comment TODO - in ZFA is_a epithelium
• Added
  • + peritoneum editor note TODO - in ZFA is_a epithelium

Changes for: mesenchyme pectoral fin

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme pectoral fin definition Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral fin [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme pectoral fin definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pectoral fin [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme pelvic fin

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme pelvic fin definition Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic fin [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme pelvic fin definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pelvic fin [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: pectoral flipper tubercle

• Deleted
  • - pectoral flipper tubercle comment In a humpback the number of tubercles ranges from 9 to 11, with the first at the joint between the radius and metacarpal of digit II (with digit I absent)
• Added
  • + pectoral flipper tubercle taxon notes In a humpback the number of tubercles ranges from 9 to 11, with the first at the joint between the radius and metacarpal of digit II (with digit I absent)

Changes for: prostate gland

• Deleted
  • - prostate gland comment TODO - FMA treats the gland as part of the prostate - see also FMA:74119.
• Added
  • + prostate gland editor note TODO - FMA treats the gland as part of the prostate - see also FMA:74119.

Changes for: epaxial myotome region

• Deleted
  • - epaxial myotome region SubClassOf embryonic tissue

Changes for: retinal neural layer

• Deleted
  • - retinal neural layer comment editor note - we follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers; the neural layers are further divided into 9 layers. Note that in MA this class is a leaf node.

Changes for: nictitating membrane

• Deleted
  • - nictitating membrane comment . Editor notes: We exclude the shark structure for this via a taxon constraint.
• Added
  • + nictitating membrane editor note We exclude the shark structure for this via a taxon constraint.

Changes for: fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4

• Deleted
  • - fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 comment In many artiodactyls, the 3rd & 4th metapodials are fused, creating a main metapodial.
• Added
  • + fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 taxon notes In many artiodactyls, the 3rd & 4th metapodials are fused, creating a main metapodial.

Changes for: fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4

• Deleted
  • - fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 comment In many artiodactyls, the 3rd & 4th metapodials are fused, creating a main metapodial.
• Added
  • + fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 taxon notes In many artiodactyls, the 3rd & 4th metapodials are fused, creating a main metapodial.

Changes for: nasolacrimal duct

• Deleted
  • - nasolacrimal duct comment todo - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal
• Added
  • + nasolacrimal duct editor note TODO - resolve canaliculus vs tear duct vs lacrimal vs nasolacrimal

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of digit 5

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of digit 5 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of digit 4

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of digit 4 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: myocardium of atrium

• Deleted
  • - myocardium of atrium comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym Cardiac atria cardiac muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym Cardiac atria heart muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym Cardiac atria heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym Cardiac atria muscle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym Cardiac atria myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym atrium of heart cardiac muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym atrium of heart heart muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym atrium of heart heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym atrium of heart muscle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym atrium of heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac atrium cardiac muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac atrium heart muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac atrium heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac atrium muscle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac atrium myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac muscle of Cardiac atria { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac muscle of atrium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac muscle of cardiac atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym cardiac muscle of heart atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart atrium cardiac muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart atrium heart muscle { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart atrium heart myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart atrium muscle of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart atrium myocardium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart muscle of Cardiac atria { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart muscle of atrium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart muscle of cardiac atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart muscle of heart atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart myocardium of Cardiac atria { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart myocardium of atrium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart myocardium of cardiac atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym heart myocardium of heart atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym muscle of heart of Cardiac atria { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym muscle of heart of atrium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym muscle of heart of cardiac atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym muscle of heart of heart atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym myocardium of Cardiac atria { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym myocardium of atrium of heart { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym myocardium of cardiac atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • - myocardium of atrium has exact synonym myocardium of heart atrium { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: layer of hippocampus

• Deleted
  • - layer of hippocampus comment TODO - check NIF xref
• Added
  • + layer of hippocampus editor note TODO - check NIF xref

Changes for: choroid plexus of lateral ventricle

• Deleted
  • - choroid plexus of lateral ventricle comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: nasal mucus

• Deleted
  • - nasal mucus comment TODO - split nasal vs respiratory tract?
• Added
  • + nasal mucus editor note TODO - split nasal vs respiratory tract?

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 4 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of manural digit 5

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of manural digit 5 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of manural digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 2

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 2 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of digit 2

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of digit 2 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit 2 has exact synonym distal interphalangeal joint of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: macula densa

• Added
  • + macula densa SubClassOf part of some distal tubule
  • + macula densa comment AO notes: not part of a nephron or distal tubule in MA and FMA

Changes for: abdomen musculature

• Deleted
  • - abdomen musculature comment note distinction between abdomen muscle and abdomen musculature
• Added
  • + abdomen musculature comment Usage notes: distinction between abdomen muscle and abdomen musculature

Changes for: epicardium

• Deleted
  • - epicardium comment TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium – When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer.
• Added
  • + epicardium editor note TODO - check links with UBERON:0002425 visceral serous pericardium. develops from proepicardium. WP:Epicardium – When considered as a part of the pericardium, it is the inner layer, or visceral pericardium, continuous with the serous layer.

Changes for: myocardium

• Deleted
  • - myocardium comment TODO - check ‘Myocardum proper’ in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a ‘cardiac muscle’ (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium
• Added
  • + myocardium editor note TODO - check ‘Myocardum proper’ in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a ‘cardiac muscle’ (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium

Changes for: midbrain tectum

• Deleted
  • - midbrain tectum comment In adult humans it is present only in the mesencephalon as the inferior and the superior colliculi[WP].
• Added
  • + midbrain tectum comment .
  • + midbrain tectum taxon notes In adult humans it is present only in the mesencephalon as the inferior and the superior colliculi[WP]

Changes for: somite

• Deleted
  • - somite has exact synonym mesodermal cluster { database cross reference=GO:0001756 }
• Added
  • + somite has broad synonym mesodermal cluster { database cross reference=GO:0001756 }
  • + somite has related synonym epimere mesoderm
  • + somite has related synonym epimere { database cross reference=ISBN10:0073040584 }

Changes for: mesenchyme of submandibular gland primordium

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of submandibular gland primordium SubClassOf head mesenchyme
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of submandibular gland primordium SubClassOf embryonic tissue
  • + mesenchyme of submandibular gland primordium SubClassOf mesenchyme

Changes for: mesenchyme of sublingual gland primordium

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of sublingual gland primordium SubClassOf head mesenchyme
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of sublingual gland primordium SubClassOf embryonic tissue
  • + mesenchyme of sublingual gland primordium SubClassOf mesenchyme

Changes for: associated mesenchyme of main bronchus

• Deleted
  • - associated mesenchyme of main bronchus definition Mesenchyme that is part of a main bronchus. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + associated mesenchyme of main bronchus definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing main bronchus. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: associated mesenchyme of hindgut

• Deleted
  • - associated mesenchyme of hindgut definition Mesenchyme that is part of a hindgut. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + associated mesenchyme of hindgut definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: associated mesenchyme of middle ear

• Deleted
  • - associated mesenchyme of middle ear definition Mesenchyme that is part of a middle ear. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + associated mesenchyme of middle ear definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing middle ear. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: associated mesenchyme of trachea

• Deleted
  • - associated mesenchyme of trachea definition Mesenchyme that is part of a trachea. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + associated mesenchyme of trachea definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trachea. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: myelencephalon basal plate

• Deleted
  • - myelencephalon basal plate comment todo - check EHDAA2 post-CNS-revision
• Added
  • + myelencephalon basal plate editor note TODO - check EHDAA2 post-CNS-revision

Changes for: ventral midline

• Added
  • + ventral midline SubClassOf part of some nervous system

Changes for: carotid duct

• Deleted
  • - carotid duct comment In amphibians, closes at metamorphosis[Kardong]
• Added
  • + carotid duct taxon notes In amphibians, closes at metamorphosis[Kardong]

Changes for: pastern region of limb

• Deleted
  • - pastern region of limb comment In future this may be merged into a more species-neutral class for the distal and medial segments of a digit.
• Added
  • + pastern region of limb editor note in future this may be merged into a more species-neutral class for the distal and medial segments of a digit.

Changes for: pastern bone

• Deleted
  • - pastern bone comment In future this may be merged into a more species-neutral class
• Added
  • + pastern bone editor note in future this may be merged into a more species-neutral class

Changes for: long pastern bone

• Deleted
  • - long pastern bone comment In future this may be merged into a species-neutral phalanx 1 digit III
• Added
  • + long pastern bone editor note in future this may be merged into a species-neutral phalanx 1 digit III

Changes for: hypaxial myotome region

• Deleted
  • - hypaxial myotome region SubClassOf embryonic tissue

Changes for: short pastern bone

• Deleted
  • - short pastern bone comment In future this may be merged into a species-neutral phalanx 2 digit III
• Added
  • + short pastern bone editor note in future this may be merged into a species-neutral phalanx 2 digit III

Changes for: distal segment of manual digit

• Deleted
  • - distal segment of manual digit comment in SNOMED this is a surface region. Here we intend it to be the entire distal segment

Changes for: intraembryonic coelom

• Deleted
  • - intraembryonic coelom editor note consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. Todo: check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults
• Added
  • + intraembryonic coelom editor note consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults

Changes for: CA4 field of hippocampus

• Added
  • + CA4 field of hippocampus database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_IV_of_hippocampus_proper

Changes for: CA3 field of hippocampus

• Deleted
  • - CA3 field of hippocampus definition Region III of hippocampus proper is a portion of the hippocampal formation. Region CA3 receives input along the mossy fibers from granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) and from projection cells in entorhinal cortex along the perforant path. The mossy fiber pathway terminates in stratum lucidum while the perforant path passes through stratum lacunosum and terminates in stratum moleculare. The inputs from the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca terminate in stratum radiatum, along with commisural connections from the contralateral hippocampus. The pyramidal cells in CA3 (of which there are approximately 200,000 in each hemisphere in the rat) send some axons back to the hilus, but the majority project to regions CA2 and CA1 (a pathway called the Schaffer collaterals), in addition to a significant number of connections that terminate within CA3 (called recurrent connections). Both the recurrent connections and the Schaffer collaterals terminate preferentially in the septal or dorsal direction from the originating cells. CA3 also sends a small set of output fibers to the lateral septum. The region is conventionally divided into 3 divisions. CA3a is the part of the cell band which is most distal from the dentate (and closest to CA1). CA3b is the middle part of the band nearest to the fimbria/fornix connection. CA3c is the most proximal to the dentate, inserting into the hilus. The region overall has been considered to be the ‘pacemaker’ of the hippocampus. In CA3 much of the synchronous bursing activity associated with interictal epileptiform activity appears to be generated. The excitatory collateral interconnectivity appears to be the property of CA3 most responsible for this. CA3, unlike other regions, has pyramidal cell axon collaterals ramifying extensively with local region and making excitatory contacts with neighbors. CA3 has been implicated in a number of working theories on memory and learning hippocampal processes. Oscillatory rhythms (10-30Hz) are cholinergically driven patterns that depend on coupling of interneurons and pyramidal cell axons via gap junctions as well as glutaminergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) synapses. Sharp EEG waves seen here are also implicated in memory consolidation. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper }
  • - CA3 field of hippocampus has exact synonym regio iii cornus ammonis { database cross reference=FMA:74045 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
  • - CA3 field of hippocampus has exact synonym regio iii hippocampi proprii { database cross reference=FMA:74045 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
  • - CA3 field of hippocampus has exact synonym region iii of ammon’s horn { database cross reference=FMA:74045 }
  • - CA3 field of hippocampus has exact synonym region iii of hippocampus proper { database cross reference=FMA:74045 }
  • - CA3 field of hippocampus has related synonym regio hippocampi proprii III; regio III cornus ammonis; CA3 { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper , has synonym type=latin term }
• Added
  • + CA3 field of hippocampus definition Part of hippocampus proper bounded by the hilus of the dentate gyrus and area CA2, characterized by large pyramidal cells and a dense projection from dentate gyrus granule cell mossy fibers. { database cross reference=http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3 }
  • + CA3 field of hippocampus has exact synonym regio III cornus ammonis { database cross reference=FMA:74045 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
  • + CA3 field of hippocampus has exact synonym regio III hippocampi proprii { database cross reference=FMA:74045 , database cross reference=FMA:TA , has synonym type=latin term }
  • + CA3 field of hippocampus has exact synonym region III of ammon’s horn { database cross reference=FMA:74045 }
  • + CA3 field of hippocampus has exact synonym region III of hippocampus proper { database cross reference=FMA:74045 }
  • + CA3 field of hippocampus has related synonym CA3 { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper }
  • + CA3 field of hippocampus has related synonym regio III cornus ammonis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper , has synonym type=latin term }
  • + CA3 field of hippocampus has related synonym regio hippocampi proprii III { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_III_of_hippocampus_proper , has synonym type=latin term }

Changes for: CA2 field of hippocampus

• Deleted
  • - CA2 field of hippocampus has exact synonym region ii of ammon’s horn { database cross reference=FMA:74044 }
  • - CA2 field of hippocampus has exact synonym region ii of hippocampus proper { database cross reference=FMA:74044 }
• Added
  • + CA2 field of hippocampus database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_II_of_hippocampus_proper
  • + CA2 field of hippocampus has exact synonym region II of ammon’s horn { database cross reference=FMA:74044 }
  • + CA2 field of hippocampus has exact synonym region II of hippocampus proper { database cross reference=FMA:74044 }

Changes for: CA1 field of hippocampus

• Deleted
  • - CA1 field of hippocampus definition A cytoarchitectural subregion of the Ammon’s horn region of the hippocampal formation. The principal cell type is the pyramidal neuron. The pyramidal neurons of CA1 receive projections from pyramidal neurons of CA3 via the Schaffer collaterals., A cytoarchitectural subregion of the Ammon’s horn region of the hippocampal formation . The principal cell type is the pyramidal neuron. The pyramidal neurons of CA1 receive projections from pyramidal neurons of CA3 via the Schaffer collaterals. { database cross reference=NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197 }
• Added
  • + CA1 field of hippocampus database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_I_of_hippocampus_proper
  • + CA1 field of hippocampus definition Part of hippocampus proper bounded by CA2 and the subiculum, characterized by pyramidal neurons that receive projections from pyramidal neurons of CA3 via the Schaffer collaterals. { database cross reference=NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1197 }

Changes for: fallopian tube

• Deleted
  • - fallopian tube comment Homology
• Added
  • + fallopian tube comment Homology

Changes for: hippocampal field

• Deleted
  • - subdivision of hippocampus comment do not include ABA:HIP
  • - subdivision of hippocampus database cross reference BAMS:HI
  • - subdivision of hippocampus database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361561007
  • - subdivision of hippocampus has exact synonym subdivision of hippocampus
  • - subdivision of hippocampus label subdivision of hippocampus
• Added
  • + hippocampal field comment AO notes: do not include ABA:HIP
  • + hippocampal field has exact synonym subdivision of hippocampus { database cross reference=FMA:74041 }
  • + hippocampal field label hippocampal field

Changes for: hindlimb mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - hindlimb mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + hindlimb mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 phalanx

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 phalanx has exact synonym pedal digit IV phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 phalanx

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 phalanx has exact synonym pedal digit V phalanx { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: horny papilla of tongue

• Deleted
  • - horny papilla of tongue comment In carnivores, functions to hold on to meat as it is being cut by the teeth
• Added
  • + horny papilla of tongue taxon notes In carnivores, functions to hold on to meat as it is being cut by the teeth

Changes for: short bone

• Deleted
  • - short bone comment todo - make subclass links
• Added
  • + short bone editor note TODO - make subclass links

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits IV and V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits III and IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits IV and V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits III and IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits II and III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between digits I and II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: forelimb mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - forelimb mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + forelimb mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: gonad mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - gonad mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a gonad [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + gonad mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: lower eyelid mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - lower eyelid mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + lower eyelid mesenchyme database cross reference EMAPA:17833
  • + lower eyelid mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower eyelid [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: upper eyelid mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - upper eyelid mesenchyme SubClassOf develops from some eye mesenchyme
  • - upper eyelid mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + upper eyelid mesenchyme SubClassOf develops from some external ectoderm
  • + upper eyelid mesenchyme database cross reference EMAPA:17836
  • + upper eyelid mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper eyelid [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: neural tube lumen

• Deleted
  • - neural tube lumen comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + neural tube lumen editor note TODO - check

Changes for: dental epithelium

• Deleted
  • - dental epithelium comment . Editor notes: todo - full developmental relationships
  • - dental epithelium editor note see comments for dentail organ. Development notes: In the developing molar dentition of the mouse, tooth inductive po- tential resides in the dental epithelium until embryonic day (E)12.5 (3). Thereafter, tooth inductive potential shifts to neural crest-derived dental mesenchyme, which acquires the ability to direct tooth formation in nonodontogenic tissues (3, 4)[PMID:10954731]
• Added
  • + dental epithelium comment Development notes: In the developing molar dentition of the mouse, tooth inductive po- tential resides in the dental epithelium until embryonic day (E)12.5 (3). Thereafter, tooth inductive potential shifts to neural crest-derived dental mesenchyme, which acquires the ability to direct tooth formation in nonodontogenic tissues (3, 4)[PMID:10954731]
  • + dental epithelium editor note see comments for dental organ.
  • + dental epithelium editor note todo - full developmental relationships

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits I and II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - interdigital region mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a interdigital region. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + interdigital region mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing interdigital region. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits III and IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits II and III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between manual digits IV and V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: primary molar tooth

• Deleted
  • - primary molar tooth comment todo - logical definition
• Added
  • + primary molar tooth editor note TODO - logical definition

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits I and II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3

• Added
  • + mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3 has exact synonym mesenchyme of interdigital region between pedal digits II and III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pancreatic duct

• Deleted
  • - pancreatic duct comment Usage notes: this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts. AO notes: in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms
• Added
  • + pancreatic duct curator notes this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts
  • + pancreatic duct external ontology notes in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms { external ontology=EHDAA2 }

Changes for: pancreatic lobe

• Deleted
  • - pancreatic lobe comment todo - check
• Added
  • + pancreatic lobe editor note TODO - check

Changes for: rectus capitis posterior minor

• Deleted
  • - rectus capitis posterior minor definition The Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor) arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura. The synergists are the rectus capitus posterior major and Obliquus capitis. Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital junction between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. The perpendicular arrangement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. The ligamentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spinal dura and the lateral portion of the occipital bone. Anatomic structures innervated by cervical nerves C1-C3 have the potential to cause headache pain. Included are the joint complexes of the upper 3 cervical segments, the dura mater, and spinal cord. The dura-muscular, dura-ligamentous connections in the upper cervical spine and occipital areas may provide anatomic and physiologic answers to the cause of the cervicogenic headache. This proposal would further explain manipulation’s efficacy in the treatment of cervicogenic headache . { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle }
• Added
  • + rectus capitis posterior minor SubClassOf axial muscle
  • + rectus capitis posterior minor SubClassOf innervated by some dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
  • + rectus capitis posterior minor SubClassOf muscle of neck
  • + rectus capitis posterior minor SubClassOf part of some neck
  • + rectus capitis posterior minor comment Action notes: extends the head at the neck
  • + rectus capitis posterior minor definition A muscle that arise from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the and is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle }

Changes for: rectus capitis posterior major

• Deleted
  • - rectus capitis posterior major definition The Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major) arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. As the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a triangular space, in which the Recti capitis posteriores minores are seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle }
• Added
  • + rectus capitis posterior major SubClassOf muscle of neck
  • + rectus capitis posterior major SubClassOf part of some neck
  • + rectus capitis posterior major comment Action notes: extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint
  • + rectus capitis posterior major definition A muscle that arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis and inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle }

Changes for: lateral saphenous vein

• Deleted
  • - lateral saphenous vein comment todo - check
• Added
  • + lateral saphenous vein editor note TODO - check

Changes for: rectus capitis anterior

• Deleted
  • - rectus capitis anterior definition The rectus capitis anterior (rectus capitis anticus minor) is a short, flat muscle, situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis. It arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process, and passing obliquely upward and medialward, is inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle }
• Added
  • + rectus capitis anterior SubClassOf has muscle origin some transverse process of atlas
  • + rectus capitis anterior SubClassOf innervated by some spinal nerve
  • + rectus capitis anterior SubClassOf muscle of neck
  • + rectus capitis anterior SubClassOf part of some neck
  • + rectus capitis anterior comment Action notes: Flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint
  • + rectus capitis anterior definition A muscle situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis that arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process that inserts into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle }

Changes for: cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube

• Deleted
  • - cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube definition The cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube, about 24 mm. in length, is formed of a triangular plate of elastic fibrocartilage, the apex of which is attached to the margin of the medial end of the osseous portion of the tube, while its base lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal orifice of the tube. The upper edge of the cartilage is curled upon itself, being bent laterally so as to present on transverse section the appearance of a hook; a groove or furrow is thus produced, which is open below and laterally, and this part of the canal is completed by fibrous membrane. The cartilage lies in a groove between the petrous part of the temporal and the great wing of the sphenoid; this groove ends opposite the middle of the medial pterygoid plate. The cartilaginous and bony portions of the tube are not in the same plane, the former inclining downward a little more than the latter. The diameter of the tube is not uniform throughout, being greatest at the pharyngeal orifice, least at the junction of the bony and cartilaginous portions, and again increased toward the tympanic cavity; the narrowest part of the tube is termed the isthmus. The position and relations of the pharyngeal orifice are described with the nasal part of the pharynx. The mucous membrane of the tube is continuous in front with that of the nasal part of the pharynx, and behind with that of the tympanic cavity; it is covered with ciliated epithelium and is thin in the osseous portion, while in the cartilaginous portion it contains many mucous glands and near the pharyngeal orifice a considerable amount of adenoid tissue, which has been named by Gerlach the tube tonsil. The tube is opened during deglutition by the Salpingopharyngeus and Dilatator tubC&. The latter arises from the hook of the cartilage and from the membranous part of the tube, and blends below with the Tensor veli palatini. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage_of_pharyngotympanic_tube }
• Added
  • + cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube definition A triangular plate of elastic fibrocartilage that forms the cartilage component of the pharyngotympanic tube. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage_of_pharyngotympanic_tube , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: medial saphenous vein

• Deleted
  • - medial saphenous vein comment todo - check
• Added
  • + medial saphenous vein editor note TODO - check

Changes for: reticulorumen

• Deleted
  • - reticulorumen definition first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. It is composed of the rumen and reticulum. The reticulum differs from the rumen with regard to the texture of its lining. The rumen wall is covered in small finger like projections called papillae, which are flattened, approximately 0.5 cm in length and 0.3 cm wide in cattle. The reticulum is lined with ridges that form a hexagonal honeycomb pattern. The ridges are approximately 0.1 - 0.2 mm wide and are raised 0.5 cm above the reticulum wall. The hexagons in the reticulum are approximately 2-5 cm wide in cattle. Despite the differences in the texture of the lining of the two parts of the reticulorumen, it represents one functional space. Microbial fermentation degrades ingested carbohydrates in the reticulorumen to the volatile fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate, and proteins to short peptides, amino acids and ammonia. This fermentation is anaerobic and allows the microbes in the reticulorumen to derive the energy and amino nitrogen in order that they can reproduce. Ruminants absorb the volatile fatty acids across the reticulorumen wall and use them for energy, while the microbes eventually flow out of the rumen into the remainder of the alimentary canal, where they are eventually digested and absorbed. The reticulum, at approximately 5-20 litres, is considerably smaller in capacity than the rumen, which is approximately 100-200 litres in cattle. The oesophageal groove, which links the oesophagus and the omasum is located in the reticulum[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulorumen }
• Added
  • + reticulorumen definition The first chamber in the alimentary canal of a ruminant stomach, composed of the rumen and reticulum. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulorumen , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: stratum compactum

• Deleted
  • - stratum compactum comment connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis
• Added
  • + stratum compactum comment Histology notes: connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis

Changes for: exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: body-wall mesenchyme

• Added
  • + body-wall mesenchyme SubClassOf part of some body wall

Changes for: segmental spinal nerve

• Deleted
  • - segmental spinal nerve comment todo - check
• Added
  • + segmental spinal nerve editor note TODO - check

Changes for: future forebrain

• Deleted
  • - future forebrain comment TODO. Add relationships to neural plate (both ZFA and EMAPA time this with the neural plate)
• Added
  • + future forebrain editor note TODO. Add relationships to neural plate (both ZFA and EMAPA time this with the neural plate)

Changes for: iliac pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + iliac pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: incus pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + incus pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: humerus pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + humerus pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: femur pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + femur pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: malleus pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + malleus pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: Meckel’s cartilage pre-cartilage condensation

• Deleted
  • - Meckel’s cartilage pre-cartilage condensation development notes NC contributes in EHDAA2. Todo: use EHDAA2 structure
• Added
  • + Meckel’s cartilage pre-cartilage condensation development notes NC contributes in EHDAA2. editor note: TODO use EHDAA2 structure

Changes for: notochordal plate

• Deleted
  • - notochordal plate comment TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB
• Added
  • + notochordal plate editor note TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB

Changes for: ischial pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + ischial pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: rib pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + rib pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: pubic pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pubic pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + radius-ulna pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: scapula pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + scapula pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: hepatic duct

• Deleted
  • - hepatic duct comment TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same
• Added
  • + hepatic duct editor note TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same

Changes for: stapes pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + stapes pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: submandibular gland primordium

• Deleted
  • - submandibular gland primordium SubClassOf part of some embryo
  • - submandibular gland primordium SubClassOf part of some salivary gland
  • - submandibular gland primordium SubClassOf primordium
• Added
  • + submandibular gland primordium EquivalentTo primordium and has potential to develop into some submandibular gland
  • + submandibular gland primordium SubClassOf salivary gland primordium

Changes for: ascending limb of loop of Henle

• Deleted
  • - ascending limb of loop of Henle comment TODO: thick/thin check. Also relationship to distal tubule. We need a home for MA:0002634-renal straight tubule
• Added
  • + ascending limb of loop of Henle editor note TODO - thick/thin check. Also relationship to distal tubule. We need a home for MA:0002634-renal straight tubule

Changes for: sublingual gland primordium

• Deleted
  • - sublingual gland primordium SubClassOf part of some embryo
  • - sublingual gland primordium SubClassOf part of some salivary gland
  • - sublingual gland primordium SubClassOf primordium
• Added
  • + sublingual gland primordium EquivalentTo primordium and has potential to develop into some sublingual gland
  • + sublingual gland primordium SubClassOf salivary gland primordium

Changes for: metanephric cap

• Deleted
  • - metanephric cap comment TODO - check EMAPA
• Added
  • + metanephric cap editor note TODO - check EMAPA

Changes for: late distal convoluted tubule

• Deleted
  • - late distal convoluted tubule comment TODO - CL
• Added
  • + late distal convoluted tubule editor note TODO - CL

Changes for: metanephric proximal straight tubule

• Deleted
  • - metanephric proximal straight tubule comment todo - place mammalian xrefs here rather than at parent
• Added
  • + metanephric proximal straight tubule editor note TODO - place mammalian xrefs here rather than at parent

Changes for: osseus cochlea

• Deleted
  • - osseus cochlea comment todo - check this. in MA, cochlea is not part of the bony labyrinth
• Added
  • + osseus cochlea editor note TODO - check this. in MA, cochlea is not part of the bony labyrinth

Changes for: olfactory bulb layer

• Deleted
  • - olfactory bulb layer comment TODO - check isa parentage
• Added
  • + olfactory bulb layer editor note TODO - check isa parentage

Changes for: cerebellum hemisphere lobule

• Deleted
  • - cerebellum hemisphere lobule comment TODO - define as a region overlapping
• Added
  • + cerebellum hemisphere lobule editor note TODO - define as a region overlapping

Changes for: crista of ampulla of anterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth

• Deleted
  • - crista of ampulla of anterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth comment todo - unvetted
• Added
  • + crista of ampulla of anterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth editor note TODO - unvetted

Changes for: crista of ampulla of lateral semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth

• Deleted
  • - crista of ampulla of lateral semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth comment todo - unvetted
• Added
  • + crista of ampulla of lateral semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth editor note TODO - unvetted

Changes for: crista of ampulla of posterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth

• Deleted
  • - crista of ampulla of posterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth comment todo - unvetted
• Added
  • + crista of ampulla of posterior semicircular duct of membranous laybrinth editor note TODO - unvetted

Changes for: common penile artery

• Deleted
  • - common penile artery comment todo - split generic structure from arterial tree
• Added
  • + common penile artery editor note TODO - split generic structure from arterial tree

Changes for: presumptive hindbrain

• Deleted
  • - presumptive hindbrain comment TODO - unify naming conventions
• Added
  • + presumptive hindbrain editor note TODO - unify naming conventions

Changes for: nuclear complex of neuraxis

• Deleted
  • - nuclear complex of neuraxis comment todo - move existing complex classes currently under nucleus to be under this class
• Added
  • + nuclear complex of neuraxis editor note TODO - move existing complex classes currently under nucleus to be under this class

Changes for: odontoid process of cervical vertebra 2

• Deleted
  • - odontoid process of cervical vertebra 2 comment TODO check AAO:0000721 odontoid_process – Anterior process located between the atlantal cotyles that projects into the foramen magnum of the skull and bears facets that articulate with the lateral walls of the foramen
• Added
  • + odontoid process of cervical vertebra 2 editor note TODO check AAO:0000721 odontoid_process – Anterior process located between the atlantal cotyles that projects into the foramen magnum of the skull and bears facets that articulate with the lateral walls of the foramen

Changes for: beak

• Deleted
  • - beak comment TODO - add superclass
• Added
  • + beak editor note TODO - add superclass

Changes for: short descending thin limb

• Deleted
  • - short descending thin limb comment TODO - epithelium types
• Added
  • + short descending thin limb editor note TODO - epithelium types

Changes for: sweat gland placode

• Deleted
  • - sweat gland placode comment todo - add bud
• Added
  • + sweat gland placode editor note TODO - add bud

Changes for: sebaceous gland placode

• Deleted
  • - sebaceous gland placode comment todo - add bud
• Added
  • + sebaceous gland placode editor note TODO - add bud

Changes for: anterior definitive endoderm

• Deleted
  • - anterior definitive endoderm comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + anterior definitive endoderm editor note TODO - check

Changes for: semicircular canal ampulla

• Deleted
  • - semicircular canal ampulla comment TODO check duct vs canal. Also check FMA - has many subtypes of semicircular canal such as ‘ampulla of anterior semicircular canal’
• Added
  • + semicircular canal ampulla editor note TODO check duct vs canal. Also check FMA - has many subtypes of semicircular canal such as ‘ampulla of anterior semicircular canal’

Changes for: pronephric sinus

• Deleted
  • - pronephric sinus comment todo - check relationship to renal sinus, improve definition
• Added
  • + pronephric sinus editor note TODO - check relationship to renal sinus, improve definition

Changes for: aqueous vein

• Deleted
  • - aqueous vein SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + aqueous vein SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: podocyte slit junction

• Deleted
  • - podocyte slit junction comment TODO - submit to GO
• Added
  • + podocyte slit junction editor note TODO - submit to GO

Changes for: podocyte slit diaphragm

• Deleted
  • - podocyte slit diaphragm comment TODO - submit to GO
• Added
  • + podocyte slit diaphragm editor note TODO - submit to GO

Changes for: median dorsal digital artery for digit 1

• Added
  • + median dorsal digital artery for digit 1 has exact synonym median dorsal digital artery for digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: canal of Schlemm

• Deleted
  • - canal of Schlemm SubClassOf brain blood vessel
• Added
  • + canal of Schlemm SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 5

• Added
  • + lateral dorsal digital artery for digit 5 has exact synonym lateral dorsal digital artery for digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: dermatome

• Deleted
  • - dermatome SubClassOf embryonic tissue
  • - dermatome SubClassOf meso-epithelium
  • - dermatome SubClassOf part of some mesoderm
  • - dermatome SubClassOf unilaminar epithelium
  • - dermatome comment Not to be confused with ‘dermatome segment of skin’.
  • - dermatome database cross reference EHDAA2:0003428
  • - dermatome database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatomal_mesenchyme
  • - dermatome definition the mesoderm that is derived from the somite that is fated to become the dermis[MP] { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatomal_mesenchyme , database cross reference=MP:0003940 }
• Added
  • + dermatome SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure
  • + dermatome SubClassOf develops from some somite
  • + dermatome database cross reference EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428
  • + dermatome database cross reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatome_(embryology)
  • + dermatome definition A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. { database cross reference=AEO:0001017 , database cross reference=AEO:JB }
  • + dermatome has related synonym epimere mesoderm
  • + dermatome terminology notes Not to be confused with ‘dermatome segment of skin’.

Changes for: vena cava

• Deleted
  • - vena cava definition 11 in the diagram). It is the largest vein in the body. The superior vena cava (or anterior vena cava in animals) is above the heart, and forms from a convergence of the left and right brachiocephalic veins that contain blood from the head and the arms (see # 3 in the diagram). [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venae_cavae }
• Added
  • + vena cava definition Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venae_cavae , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + vena cava has related synonym venae cavae { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venae_cavae , has synonym type=plural term }

Changes for: ocular region

• Deleted
  • - ocular region comment TODO: consider the following: eyeball (eye proper) part_of eye (= eyeball+eyelid etc) part_of ocular region (= eye + adnexa such as eyebrow); note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature // in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow.
• Added
  • + ocular region editor note TODO - consider the following: eyeball (eye proper) part_of eye (= eyeball+eyelid etc) part_of ocular region (= eye + adnexa such as eyebrow); note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature
  • + ocular region external ontology notes in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow. { external ontology=HP }

Changes for: cerebellum vermis lobule

• Deleted
  • - cerebellum vermis lobule comment TODO - define as a region overlapping
• Added
  • + cerebellum vermis lobule editor note TODO - define as a region overlapping

Changes for: cerebellum vermis lobule I

• Deleted
  • - cerebellum vermis lobule I comment TODO FMA:61904 lingual gyrus FMA:71032 lingula gyrus (lg)
• Added
  • + cerebellum vermis lobule I editor note TODO FMA:61904 lingual gyrus FMA:71032 lingula gyrus (lg)

Changes for: spinal cord alar plate

• Deleted
  • - spinal cord alar plate comment TODO - merge with UBERON:0003054 roof plate?
• Added
  • + spinal cord alar plate editor note TODO - merge with UBERON:0003054 roof plate?

Changes for: primitive pit

• Deleted
  • - primitive pit comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + primitive pit editor note TODO - check

Changes for: mesonephric sinus

• Deleted
  • - mesonephric sinus comment todo - check relationship to renal sinus, add definition
• Added
  • + mesonephric sinus editor note TODO - check relationship to renal sinus, add definition

Changes for: trabecular layer of ventricle

• Deleted
  • - trabecular layer of ventricle comment todo - check FMA
• Added
  • + trabecular layer of ventricle editor note TODO - check FMA

Changes for: optic vesicle

• Added
  • + optic vesicle SubClassOf develops from some neurectoderm

Changes for: head kidney

• Deleted
  • - head kidney comment in GO, head kidney isa pronephros. Modified the ZFA relationships - the HK is derived from the anterior part of the pronephros and persists until adulthood
• Added
  • + head kidney external ontology notes in GO, head kidney isa pronephros. Modified the ZFA relationships - the HK is derived from the anterior part of the pronephros and persists until adulthood { external ontology=GO }

Changes for: inferior petrosal sinus

• Deleted
  • - inferior petrosal sinus SubClassOf brain blood vessel
  • - inferior petrosal sinus SubClassOf part of some venous dural sinus
  • - inferior petrosal sinus SubClassOf vein
• Added
  • + inferior petrosal sinus SubClassOf paired venous dural sinus

Changes for: inferior sagittal sinus

• Deleted
  • - inferior sagittal sinus SubClassOf brain blood vessel
  • - inferior sagittal sinus SubClassOf part of some venous dural sinus
  • - inferior sagittal sinus SubClassOf venous sinus
• Added
  • + inferior sagittal sinus SubClassOf sagittal sinus

Changes for: superior epigastric vein

• Added
  • + superior epigastric vein SubClassOf thoracic vein

Changes for: muscle of pelvic diaphragm

• Deleted
  • - muscle of pelvic diaphragm definition The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region below. The right and left levator ani lie almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis, separated by a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The levator ani is usually considered in three parts: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus. The pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator, runs backward from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx and may be damaged during parturition. Some fibers are inserted into the prostate, urethra, and vagina. The right and left puborectalis unite behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling . Some regard them as a part of the sphincter ani externus. The iliococcygeus, the most posterior part of the levator ani, is often poorly developed. The coccygeus, situated behind the levator ani and frequently tendinous as much as muscular, extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx. The pelvic cavity of the true pelvis has the pelvic floor as its inferior border (and the pelvic brim as its superior border. ) The perineum has the pelvic floor as its superior border. Some sources do not consider ‘pelvic floor’ and ‘pelvic diaphragm’ to be identical, with the ‘diaphragm’ consisting of only the levator ani and coccygeus, while the ‘floor’ also includes the perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch. However, other sources include the fascia as part of the diaphragm. In practice, the two terms are often used interchangeably. Inferiorly, the pelvic floor extends into the anal triangle. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_floor }
• Added
  • + muscle of pelvic diaphragm definition a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. It separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region below. { database cross reference=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_6/chapter_37.html }

Changes for: superior nasal meatus

• Deleted
  • - superior nasal meatus comment todo - check FMA
• Added
  • + superior nasal meatus editor note TODO - check FMA

Changes for: vesicular gland

• Deleted
  • - vesicular gland comment todo - check this agaist seminal vesicle
• Added
  • + vesicular gland editor note TODO - check this agaist seminal vesicle

Changes for: chordo neural hinge

• Deleted
  • - chordo neural hinge comment In mouse and chick, the derivative of the NSB (with a minor contribution from the CLE), the `chordo-neural-hinge’(CNH) (Cambray and Wilson, 2007; Catala et al., 1995; Charrier et al., 1999), contains progenitors for the ventral neural tube, somites and notochord (Cambray and Wilson, 2002; McGrew et al., 2008). The CNH is continuous with the most recently formed neural tube and notochord (Fig. 2C-D′). By contrast, the tissue immediately caudal to the CNH exclusively produces somites in mouse and chick (McGrew et al., 2008).
• Added
  • + chordo neural hinge taxon notes In mouse and chick, the derivative of the NSB (with a minor contribution from the CLE), the `chordo-neural-hinge’(CNH) (Cambray and Wilson, 2007; Catala et al., 1995; Charrier et al., 1999), contains progenitors for the ventral neural tube, somites and notochord (Cambray and Wilson, 2002; McGrew et al., 2008). The CNH is continuous with the most recently formed neural tube and notochord (Fig. 2C-D′). By contrast, the tissue immediately caudal to the CNH exclusively produces somites in mouse and chick (McGrew et al., 2008).

Changes for: glomerular epithelium

• Deleted
  • - glomerular epithelium comment TODO - check - GO says outer, BTO says inner. Make this a superclass
• Added
  • + glomerular epithelium editor note TODO - check - GO says outer, BTO says inner. Make this a superclass

Changes for: prostate gland stroma

• Deleted
  • - prostate gland stroma comment TODO - check also FMA Stroma of glandular part of prostate
• Added
  • + prostate gland stroma editor note TODO - check also FMA Stroma of glandular part of prostate

Changes for: mammary gland cord

• Deleted
  • - mammary gland cord comment TODO - mammary placode
• Added
  • + mammary gland cord editor note TODO - mammary placode

Changes for: S-shaped body

• Deleted
  • - S-shaped body comment TODO
• Added
  • + S-shaped body editor note TODO

Changes for: trigeminal sensory nucleus

• Deleted
  • - trigeminal sensory nucleus comment TODO: check ZFA link. note this is part of medulla in ZFA, but we do not include this link here as it leads to inconsistencies
• Added
  • + trigeminal sensory nucleus editor note TODO - check ZFA link. note this is part of medulla in ZFA, but we do not include this link here as it leads to inconsistencies

Changes for: somitomeric trunk muscle

• Deleted
  • - somitomeric trunk muscle comment TODO - find N+S conditions. SMT & develops_from somite is not specific enough (all SMT develops_from somite)
• Added
  • + somitomeric trunk muscle editor note TODO - find N+S conditions. SMT & develops_from somite is not specific enough (all SMT develops_from somite)

Changes for: cardiogenic plate

• Deleted
  • - cardiogenic plate comment TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO
• Added
  • + cardiogenic plate editor note TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO

Changes for: proximal tubule

• Deleted
  • - proximal tubule comment todo - ensure definition works across species.
• Added
  • + proximal tubule editor note TODO - ensure definition works across species.

Changes for: intermediate tubule

• Deleted
  • - intermediate tubule comment todo - check for applicability across species
• Added
  • + intermediate tubule editor note TODO - check for applicability across species

Changes for: coronary sinus valve

• Deleted
  • - coronary sinus valve comment todo - development
• Added
  • + coronary sinus valve editor note TODO - development

Changes for: iris smooth muscle

• Added
  • + iris smooth muscle SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: vas deferens smooth muscle

• Deleted
  • - vas deferens smooth muscle comment todo - check MA and FMA classes mean the same thing
• Added
  • + vas deferens smooth muscle editor note TODO - check MA and FMA classes mean the same thing

Changes for: cardiac septum

• Deleted
  • - cardiac septum comment Note in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this. Taxon notes: “Terrestrial vertebrates have divided hearts in which septae separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the pulmonary and systemic circulations”
• Added
  • + cardiac septum comment Taxon notes: “Terrestrial vertebrates have divided hearts in which septae separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the pulmonary and systemic circulations”
  • + cardiac septum external ontology notes in GO, septum morphogenesis is part of cardiac chamber morphogenesis; need to add axioms to infer this { external ontology=GO }

Changes for: viscus

• Deleted
  • - viscus definition An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. // An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscus , database cross reference=BTO:0001491 }
• Added
  • + viscus definition An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscus , database cross reference=BTO:0001491 }

Changes for: hair shaft

• Deleted
  • - hair shaft comment TODO - add distinct subclasses for coat hair vs vibrissa hair
• Added
  • + hair shaft editor note TODO - add distinct subclasses for coat hair vs vibrissa hair

Changes for: primitive gut

• Deleted
  • - primitive gut comment The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis[NBK10107]
• Added
  • + primitive gut development notes The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis[NBK10107]

Changes for: prevertebral muscle

• Deleted
  • - prevertebral muscle of neck database cross reference MA:0003144
  • - prevertebral muscle of neck definition The prevertebral muscles are the muscles located between the prevertebral fascia (older definition) and the vertebral column, i.e. , the longus capitis and longus colli muscles. It also includes the recti capitis anterior and lateralis. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevertebral_muscles }
  • - prevertebral muscle of neck label prevertebral muscle of neck
• Added
  • + prevertebral muscle SubClassOf innervated by some ventral ramus of spinal nerve
  • + prevertebral muscle comment some authorities define the group as medial to the plane of the cervicobrachial plexus, and thus also include the anterior scalene muscle. Action notes: flexors of the head and neck
  • + prevertebral muscle definition One of the muscles deep to the prevertebral fascia on the anterior surface of the cervical and superior three thoracic vertebrae, symmetrically placed on each side of the median plane, including the longus colli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, and rectus capitis lateralis muscles. innervated by anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves. { database cross reference=http://www.drugs.com/dict/prevertebral-muscles.html }
  • + prevertebral muscle label prevertebral muscle

Changes for: splenius cervicis

• Deleted
  • - splenius cervicis SubClassOf innervated by some nerve of cervical vertebra
  • - splenius cervicis definition The splenius cervicis (splenius colli) arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_cervicis_muscle }
• Added
  • + splenius cervicis SubClassOf has muscle origin some neural spine
  • + splenius cervicis comment Action notes: Bilaterally: Extend the head & neck, Unilaterally: Lateral flexion to the same side, Rotation to the same side.
  • + splenius cervicis definition A muscle that arises from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae and inserts into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae[WP,modified]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_cervicis_muscle }

Changes for: top of head

• Deleted
  • - top of head comment note in the FMA, vertex is a point and not a subdivision
• Added
  • + top of head external ontology notes in the FMA, vertex is a point and not a subdivision { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: nasal capsule

• Deleted
  • - nasal capsule comment . Avian def: The nasal capsule is dorsoventrally divided into two parts: the upper part, the ectethmoid, serves olfaction and is composed of the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. The lower part, the mesethmoid, is a thick cartilage bar extending from the corpus sphenoidalis to the rostral extremity of the nose (Fig. 1A-B). In the avian embryo, the mesethmoid constitutes the cartilage primordium of the upper beak
  • - nasal capsule taxon notes In most mammals, the nasal capsule remains unossified, except in mammals where the ethmoid portion ossifies to form the turbinates[Kardong]. In avians, the mesethmoid supports upper beak formation, whereas the ectethmoid comprises elements of the olfactory system, including the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. Editor’s note - consider splitting this class. Developing cartilage in mammals? Connective tissue sheath in TAO. Structure that has both respiratory and olfactory functions and lies anterior to the braincase, in the foremost section of the cranium[AAO]. Cartilaginous envelope containing the nasal organ[FishBase] Multi-tissue structure composed of connective tissue that surrounds, the internal portions of the olfactory epithelium[ZFA]
• Added
  • + nasal capsule comment Editor’s note: consider splitting this class. Developing cartilage in mammals? Connective tissue sheath in TAO. Structure that has both respiratory and olfactory functions and lies anterior to the braincase, in the foremost section of the cranium[AAO]. Cartilaginous envelope containing the nasal organ[FishBase] Multi-tissue structure composed of connective tissue that surrounds, the internal portions of the olfactory epithelium[ZFA]
  • + nasal capsule taxon notes In Aves: The nasal capsule is dorsoventrally divided into two parts: the upper part, the ectethmoid, serves olfaction and is composed of the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. The lower part, the mesethmoid, is a thick cartilage bar extending from the corpus sphenoidalis to the rostral extremity of the nose (Fig. 1A-B). In the avian embryo, the mesethmoid constitutes the cartilage primordium of the upper beak.
  • + nasal capsule taxon notes In avians, the mesethmoid supports upper beak formation, whereas the ectethmoid comprises elements of the olfactory system, including the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae.
  • + nasal capsule taxon notes In most mammals, the nasal capsule remains unossified, except in mammals where the ethmoid portion ossifies to form the turbinates[Kardong]

Changes for: distal early tubule

• Deleted
  • - distal early tubule comment in XAO this is pronephric; in ZFA it is an adult structure. we treat it here as generic. consider placing XAO under proneprhic subclass. check relationship with EDCT.
• Added
  • + distal early tubule external ontology notes in XAO this is pronephric; in ZFA it is an adult structure. we treat it here as generic. consider placing XAO under proneprhic subclass. check relationship with EDCT. { external ontology=XAO }

Changes for: cerebellum ventricular layer

• Deleted
  • - cerebellum ventricular layer comment todo - disambiguate between developing and adult structure
• Added
  • + cerebellum ventricular layer editor note TODO - disambiguate between developing and adult structure

Changes for: sinus venosus

• Deleted
  • - sinus venosus comment In zebrafish, “the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract”[ZFA:0000154]
  • - sinus venosus definition The sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. In humans, it exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart, where it is found between the two venae cavae. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum, also known as the venarum sinus, which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge of fibres called the crista terminalis. The sinus venosus also forms the SA node and the coronary sinus. In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein. It originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarum. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_venosus }
• Added
  • + sinus venosus comment Taxon notes: In humans, it exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart, where it is found between the two venae cavae. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum, also known as the venarum sinus, which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge of fibres called the crista terminalis. The sinus venosus also forms the SA node and the coronary sinus. In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein. It originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarmu
  • + sinus venosus definition The sinus venosus is a large cardiac chamber which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_venosus }
  • + sinus venosus taxon notes In zebrafish, the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract[ZFA:0000154]

Changes for: embryonic structure

• Deleted
  • - embryonic structure comment Note in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure
• Added
  • + embryonic structure external ontology notes in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: dorsal raphe nucleus

• Deleted
  • - dorsal raphe nucleus comment TODO check dorsal vs inferior. ZF has no pons.
• Added
  • + dorsal raphe nucleus editor note TODO check dorsal vs inferior. ZF has no pons.

Changes for: lung

• Deleted
  • - lung comment respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi // Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP]
  • - lung definition Respiration organ present in all air-breathing animals whose principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere[WP]. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax[GO]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung , database cross reference=BTO:0000763 }
• Added
  • + lung comment Taxon notes: respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi // Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP]
  • + lung definition Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: dermomyotome

• Deleted
  • - dermomyotome SubClassOf embryonic tissue
  • - dermomyotome SubClassOf part of some mesoderm
• Added
  • + dermomyotome SubClassOf transitional anatomical structure
  • + dermomyotome external definition all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. { source=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dermomyotome }

Changes for: substantia nigra

• Deleted
  • - substantia nigra comment TODO: In BTO and NIF, part of basal ganglion which is part of telencephalon - but this is inconsistent with being part of midbrain, if these are spatially disjoint, as in ABA
• Added
  • + substantia nigra editor note TODO - In BTO and NIF, part of basal ganglion which is part of telencephalon - but this is inconsistent with being part of midbrain, if these are spatially disjoint, as in ABA

Changes for: hindbrain

• Deleted
  • - hindbrain comment in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps
• Added
  • + hindbrain external ontology notes in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: stratum corneum of epidermis

• Deleted
  • - stratum corneum of epidermis comment Note that some oral epitehlium also has cornified layer / stratum corneum
• Added
  • + stratum corneum of epidermis comment Histology notes: some oral epitehlium also has cornified layer / stratum corneum

Changes for: accessory XI nerve

• Added
  • + accessory XI nerve comment AO notes: FMA has distinct cranian and spinal parts - WP says ‘Traditional descriptions of the accessory nerve divide it into two parts: a spinal part and a cranial part.[1] However, because the cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve, becoming an integral part of said nerve, modern descriptions often consider the cranial component to be part of the vagus nerve and not part of the accessory nerve proper.[2] For this reason, in contemporary discussions of the accessory nerve, the common practice is to dismiss the cranial part altogether, referring to the accessory nerve specifically as the spinal accessory nerve.’
  • + accessory XI nerve database cross reference FMA:80284

Changes for: peripheral nerve

• Deleted
  • - peripheral nerve comment TODO - check definition vs nerve. See notes for cranial nerve II (optic nerve)
• Added
  • + peripheral nerve comment See notes for cranial nerve II (optic nerve)
  • + peripheral nerve editor note TODO - check definition vs nerve

Changes for: rectus capitis lateralis muscle

• Deleted
  • - rectus capitis lateralis SubClassOf has muscle origin some transverse process of vertebra
  • - rectus capitis lateralis SubClassOf has muscle origin some vertebral bone 1
  • - rectus capitis lateralis definition The Rectus capitis lateralis, a short, flat muscle, arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas, and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle }
  • - rectus capitis lateralis has related synonym musculus rectus capitis lateralis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle , has synonym type=latin term }
  • - rectus capitis lateralis has related synonym rectus capitis lateralis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle }
  • - rectus capitis lateralis has related synonym rectus capitus lateralis muscle { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle }
  • - rectus capitis lateralis has related synonym rectus capitus lateralis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle }
  • - rectus capitis lateralis label rectus capitis lateralis
• Added
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle SubClassOf has muscle insertion some occipital bone
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle SubClassOf has muscle origin some transverse process of atlas
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle SubClassOf innervated by some spinal nerve
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle SubClassOf muscle of neck
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle SubClassOf part of some neck
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle comment Action notes: Lateral flexion
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle definition A muscle that arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas and inserts into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle }
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle has exact synonym musculus rectus capitis lateralis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle , has synonym type=latin term }
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle has exact synonym rectus capitis lateralis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle }
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle has exact synonym rectus capitus lateralis muscle { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle }
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle has exact synonym rectus capitus lateralis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle }
  • + rectus capitis lateralis muscle label rectus capitis lateralis muscle

Changes for: endoderm of foregut

• Deleted
  • - endoderm of foregut comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + endoderm of foregut editor note TODO - check

Changes for: yolk sac endoderm

• Deleted
  • - yolk sac endoderm comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + yolk sac endoderm editor note TODO - check

Changes for: endoderm of midgut

• Deleted
  • - endoderm of midgut comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + endoderm of midgut editor note TODO - check

Changes for: epithelium of utricle

• Deleted
  • - epithelium of utricle comment todo - check relationships w.r.t macula
• Added
  • + epithelium of utricle editor note TODO - check relationships w.r.t macula

Changes for: epithelium of saccule

• Deleted
  • - epithelium of saccule comment todo - check relationships w.r.t macula
• Added
  • + epithelium of saccule editor note TODO - check relationships w.r.t macula

Changes for: endoderm of hindgut

• Deleted
  • - endoderm of hindgut comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + endoderm of hindgut editor note TODO - check

Changes for: chorionic mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - chorionic mesenchyme comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + chorionic mesenchyme editor note TODO - check

Changes for: mesoderm of yolk sac

• Deleted
  • - mesoderm of yolk sac comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + mesoderm of yolk sac editor note TODO - check

Changes for: hard palate

• Deleted
  • - hard palate comment In FMA this is divided into bony parts and submucosa
• Added
  • + hard palate external ontology notes in FMA this is divided into bony parts and submucosa { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: neural lobe of neurohypophysis

• Deleted
  • - neural lobe of neurohypophysis comment TODO - compare with UBERON:0002198
• Added
  • + neural lobe of neurohypophysis editor note TODO - compare with UBERON:0002198

Changes for: chorion syncytiotrophoblast

• Deleted
  • - chorion syncytiotrophoblast comment todo - check
• Added
  • + chorion syncytiotrophoblast editor note TODO - check

Changes for: supinator muscle

• Deleted
  • - supinator muscle comment TODO: The term “supinator” can also refer more generally to a muscle that causes supination of a part of the body. In older texts, the term “supinator longus” was used to refer to the brachioradialis, and “supinator brevis” was used to the muscle now known as the supinator.
• Added
  • + supinator muscle editor note TODO - The term ‘supinator’ can also refer more generally to a muscle that causes supination of a part of the body. In older texts, the term ‘supinator longus’ was used to refer to the brachioradialis, and ‘supinator brevis’ was used to the muscle now known as the supinator.

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of pedal digit 2

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 has exact synonym middle phalanx of pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of pedal digit 3

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 has exact synonym middle phalanx of pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of pedal digit 4

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 has exact synonym middle phalanx of pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of pedal digit 5

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 has exact synonym middle phalanx of pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of manual digit 2 has exact synonym middle phalanx of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of manual digit 3 has exact synonym middle phalanx of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of manual digit 4 has exact synonym middle phalanx of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: middle phalanx of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + middle phalanx of manual digit 5 has exact synonym middle phalanx of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 5

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 has exact synonym distal phalanx of pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 4

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 has exact synonym distal phalanx of pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 3

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 has exact synonym distal phalanx of pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 1

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 has exact synonym distal phalanx of pedal digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of pedal digit 2

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 has exact synonym distal phalanx of pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of manual digit 4 has exact synonym distal phalanx of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of manual digit 5 has exact synonym distal phalanx of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of manual digit 2 has exact synonym distal phalanx of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of manual digit 3 has exact synonym distal phalanx of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of pedal digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 5

• Deleted
  • - metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 comment note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
• Added
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 external ontology notes the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect { external ontology=EMAPA }
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 has exact synonym metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: distal phalanx of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + distal phalanx of manual digit 1 has exact synonym distal phalanx of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal phalanx of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 has exact synonym proximal phalanx of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: paramedian reticular nucleus

• Deleted
  • - paramedian reticular nucleus comment todo - check
• Added
  • + paramedian reticular nucleus editor note TODO - check

Changes for: ascitic fluid

• Deleted
  • - ascitic fluid comment todo - move to pathological anatomical entity ontology
• Added
  • + ascitic fluid editor note TODO - move to pathological anatomical entity ontology

Changes for: vascular system

• Deleted
  • - vascular system comment in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system
• Added
  • + vascular system external ontology notes in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: pharyngeal gill

• Deleted
  • - pharyngeal gill definition Gills of vertebrates are developed in the walls of the pharynx along a series of gill slits opening to the exterior. In fish, the gills are located on both sides of the pharynx. Gills are made of filaments which help increase surface area for oxygen exchange. In bony fish, the gills are covered by a bony cover called an operculum. When a fish breathes, it opens its mouth at regular times and draws in a mouthful of water. It then draws the sides of its throat together, forcing the water through the gill openings. The water passes over the gills on the outside. Valves inside the mouth keep the water from escaping through the mouth again. The operculum can be very important in adjusting the pressure of water inside of the pharynx to allow proper ventilation of the gills. Lampreys and sharks lack an operculum, they have multiple gill openings. Also, they must use different methods to force water over the gills. In sharks and rays, this ventilation of the gills is achieved either by the use of spiracles or ram ventilation (ventilation by constantly swimming). Although some animals use this method it is much better for animals to use a spiracle because they are less susceptible to injury. { database cross reference=Vertebrate gills }
• Added
  • + pharyngeal gill comment Gills are made of filaments which help increase surface area for oxygen exchange. In bony fish, the gills are covered by a bony cover called an operculum. When a fish breathes, it opens its mouth at regular times and draws in a mouthful of water. It then draws the sides of its throat together, forcing the water through the gill openings. The water passes over the gills on the outside. Valves inside the mouth keep the water from escaping through the mouth again. The operculum can be very important in adjusting the pressure of water inside of the pharynx to allow proper ventilation of the gills. Lampreys and sharks lack an operculum, they have multiple gill openings. Also, they must use different methods to force water over the gills. In sharks and rays, this ventilation of the gills is achieved either by the use of spiracles or ram ventilation (ventilation by constantly swimming). Although some animals use this method it is much better for animals to use a spiracle because they are less susceptible to injury
  • + pharyngeal gill definition A gill that develops in the walls of the pharynx along a series of gill slits opening to the exterior. In fish, the gills are located on both sides of the pharynx. { database cross reference=Vertebrate gills }

Changes for: apical ectodermal ridge

• Deleted
  • - apical ectodermal ridge comment . Function notes: maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop
• Added
  • + apical ectodermal ridge comment Function notes: maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop

Changes for: podocyte foot process

• Deleted
  • - podocyte foot process comment TODO - submit to GO
• Added
  • + podocyte foot process editor note TODO - submit to GO

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 2

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 2 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 1

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 1 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of pedal digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of manual digit 1 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of manual digit 2 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 5 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of pedal digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of manual digit 4 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of manual digit 3 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interphalangeal joint of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + interphalangeal joint of manual digit 5 has exact synonym interphalangeal joint of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 1 has exact synonym metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 2 has exact synonym metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: blastopore

• Deleted
  • - blastopore comment In protostome development, the first opening in development, the blastopore, becomes the animal’s mouth; In deuterostome development, the blastopore becomes the animal’s anus
• Added
  • + blastopore taxon notes In protostome development, the first opening in development, the blastopore, becomes the animal’s mouth; In deuterostome development, the blastopore becomes the animal’s anus

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 5 has exact synonym metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 4 has exact synonym metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit 3 has exact synonym metacarpophalangeal joint of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 6 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + digit 6 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym digit VI plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 7 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + digit 7 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym digit VII plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 8 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + digit 8 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym digit VIII plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: sexually immature stage

• Deleted
  • - sexually immature stage comment in mammals this would include infant (nourishment from lactation) and juvenile (prepubertal no longer dependent on mother)
• Added
  • + sexually immature stage taxon notes In mammals this would include infant (nourishment from lactation) and juvenile (prepubertal no longer dependent on mother)

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 3

• Deleted
  • - metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 3 comment note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
• Added
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 3 external ontology notes the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect { external ontology=EMAPA }
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 3 has exact synonym metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4

• Deleted
  • - metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4 comment note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
• Added
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4 external ontology notes the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect { external ontology=EMAPA }
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 4 has exact synonym metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2

• Deleted
  • - metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2 comment note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
• Added
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2 external ontology notes the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect { external ontology=EMAPA }
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 2 has exact synonym metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: facial nucleus

• Deleted
  • - facial nucleus comment FMA has 3 subclasses - left, right and motor nucleus of facial nerve, but no defs. It’s not clear how facial nucleus is distinct from facial motor nucleus.
• Added
  • + facial nucleus comment AO notes: FMA has 3 subclasses - left, right and motor nucleus of facial nerve, but no defs. It’s not clear how facial nucleus is distinct from facial motor nucleus.

Changes for: digit 6

• Deleted
  • - digit 6 has exact synonym digit VI
• Added
  • + digit 6 has exact synonym digit VI { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 1

• Deleted
  • - metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 1 comment note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
• Added
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 1 external ontology notes the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect { external ontology=EMAPA }
  • + metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit 1 has exact synonym metatarsophalangeal joint of pedal digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 8

• Deleted
  • - digit 8 has exact synonym digit VIII
• Added
  • + digit 8 has exact synonym digit VIII { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 7

• Deleted
  • - digit 7 has exact synonym digit VII
• Added
  • + digit 7 has exact synonym digit VII { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus

• Deleted
  • - intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus comment todo - check
• Added
  • + intermediate nucleus of lateral lemniscus editor note TODO - check

Changes for: cloaca

• Deleted
  • - cloaca comment . Editor notes: adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca
• Added
  • + cloaca editor note adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca

Changes for: orifice

• Deleted
  • - orifice comment in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit space, rather than anatomical conduit
• Added
  • + orifice external ontology notes in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit space, rather than anatomical conduit { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: intestine

• Deleted
  • - intestine comment Taxon notes: In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type.
• Added
  • + intestine taxon notes In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type.

Changes for: pleural effusion

• Deleted
  • - pleural effusion comment cede to MPATH? Note the ncit class is under finding.
• Added
  • + pleural effusion comment Editor noyes: cede to MPATH? Note the ncit class is under finding.

Changes for: sagittal sinus

• Deleted
  • - sagittal sinus SubClassOf venous dural sinus
• Added
  • + sagittal sinus SubClassOf unpaired venous dural sinus

Changes for: intromittent organ

• Deleted
  • - intromittent organ comment this is a broad grouping class connecting a number of different analagous organs by their function. We place the insect aedeagus here rather than penis, although this is somewhat arbitrary given the broadness of the current definition
• Added
  • + intromittent organ curator notes this is a broad grouping class connecting a number of different analagous organs by their function. We place the insect aedeagus here rather than penis, although this is somewhat arbitrary given the broadness of the current definition

Changes for: mesentery of stomach

• Deleted
  • - mesentery of stomach comment todo - check primitive vs developed
• Added
  • + mesentery of stomach editor note TODO - check primitive vs developed

Changes for: presphenoid bone

• Deleted
  • - presphenoid bone comment todo - account for developmental change
• Added
  • + presphenoid bone editor note TODO - account for developmental change

Changes for: digit 6 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + digit 6 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym digit VI digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 8 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + digit 8 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym digit VIII digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 7 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + digit 7 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym digit VII digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: great auricular nerve

• Deleted
  • - great auricular nerve comment todo - check MA grouping; in MA this is part_of pinna - should this be a different relationship?
• Added
  • + great auricular nerve editor note TODO - check MA grouping; in MA this is part_of pinna - should this be a different relationship?

Changes for: cranial suspensory ligament

• Deleted
  • - cranial suspensory ligament comment todo - check - add cranial ovarian susp ligaments
• Added
  • + cranial suspensory ligament editor note TODO - check - add cranial ovarian susp ligaments

Changes for: digit 1 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + digit 1 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym digit I plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 2 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + digit 2 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym digit II plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: epithelium of sublingual gland

• Deleted
  • - epithelium of sublingual gland SubClassOf ecto-epithelium
  • - epithelium of sublingual gland SubClassOf gut epithelium
• Added
  • + epithelium of sublingual gland SubClassOf salivary gland epithelium

Changes for: epithelium of parotid gland

• Added
  • + epithelium of parotid gland SubClassOf salivary gland epithelium

Changes for: epithelium of submandibular gland

• Added
  • + epithelium of submandibular gland SubClassOf salivary gland epithelium

Changes for: blastodisc derived epiblast

• Deleted
  • - blastodisc derived epiblast comment part of blastodisc in BTO; indirect development in ZFA: df DEL df deep blastomere isa blastomere po blastodisc
• Added
  • + blastodisc derived epiblast external ontology notes part of blastodisc in BTO; indirect development in ZFA: df DEL df deep blastomere isa blastomere po blastodisc { external ontology=BTO }

Changes for: digit 3 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + digit 3 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym digit III plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 5 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + digit 5 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym digit V plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 4 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + digit 4 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym digit IV plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: epaxial musclulature

• Deleted
  • - epaxial musclulature definition Musculature that is derived from the epaxial myotome region, ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae. Epaxial muscles include other (dorsal) muscles associated with the vertebrae, ribs, and base of the skull. In humans, the erector spinae, the transversospinal muscles (including the multifidus, semispinalis and rotatores), the splenius and suboccipital muscles are the only epaxial muscles. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epaxial_and_hypaxial_muscles }
• Added
  • + epaxial musclulature SubClassOf innervated by some dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
  • + epaxial musclulature comment Taxon notes: In humans, the erector spinae, the transversospinal muscles (including the multifidus, semispinalis and rotatores), the splenius and suboccipital muscles are the only epaxial muscles
  • + epaxial musclulature definition Musculature that is derived from the epaxial myotome region, ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae. Epaxial muscles include other (dorsal) muscles associated with the vertebrae, ribs, and base of the skull. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epaxial_and_hypaxial_muscles }

Changes for: hypaxial musclulature

• Added
  • + hypaxial musclulature SubClassOf innervated by some ventral ramus of spinal nerve

Changes for: mesenchyme of knee

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of knee definition Mesenchyme that is part of a knee [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of knee definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing knee [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of shoulder

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of shoulder definition Mesenchyme that is part of a shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of shoulder definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing shoulder [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of hip

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of hip definition Mesenchyme that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of hip definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hip [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of pinna

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of pinna definition Mesenchyme that is part of a pinna [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of pinna definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pinna [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of mammary gland

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of mammary gland definition Mesenchyme that is part of a mammary gland. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of mammary gland definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing mammary gland. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of upper jaw

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of upper jaw definition Mesenchyme that is part of a upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of upper jaw definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of lower jaw

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of lower jaw definition Mesenchyme that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of lower jaw definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of forearm

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of forearm definition Mesenchyme that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of forearm definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: mesenchyme of elbow

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of elbow definition Mesenchyme that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of elbow definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing elbow [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesenchyme of ovary

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of ovary definition Mesenchyme that is part of a ovary [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of ovary definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing ovary [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: eye mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - eye mesenchyme comment todo - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of
  • - eye mesenchyme database cross reference EMAPA:16324
  • - eye mesenchyme database cross reference EMAPA:17833
  • - eye mesenchyme database cross reference EMAPA:17836
  • - eye mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a camera-type eye. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + eye mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + eye mesenchyme editor note TODO - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of

Changes for: mesenchyme of testis

• Deleted
  • - mesenchyme of testis definition Mesenchyme that is part of a testis [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + mesenchyme of testis definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing testis [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 1 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 5 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 4 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 2 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 4 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesoderm blood island

• Deleted
  • - mesoderm blood island comment in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta
• Added
  • + mesoderm blood island external ontology notes in EHDAA2, gives rise to blood and dorsal aorta { external ontology=EHDAA2 }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 5 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 2 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit 3 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 4

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 4 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 5 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: nucleus of thalamus

• Deleted
  • - nucleus of thalamus comment todo - consider splitting nucleus and complex
• Added
  • + nucleus of thalamus editor note TODO - consider splitting nucleus and complex

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 3

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 3 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 2

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 2 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1

• Added
  • + proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit 1 has exact synonym proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manual digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: late embryo

• Deleted
  • - late embryo comment TODO - check fetus/embryo. WP: An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination. In humans, it is called an embryo until about eight weeks after fertilization (i.e. ten weeks LMP), and from then it is instead called a fetus.
• Added
  • + late embryo editor note TODO - check fetus/embryo. WP: An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination. In humans, it is called an embryo until about eight weeks after fertilization (i.e. ten weeks LMP), and from then it is instead called a fetus.

Changes for: portion of cartilage tissue in tibia

• Deleted
  • - tibial cartilage tissue comment This class represents a portion of cartilage tissue located in the tibia, not the cartilaginous condensation of an emrbyonic tibia
  • - tibial cartilage tissue label tibial cartilage tissue
• Added
  • + portion of cartilage tissue in tibia curator notes This class represents a portion of cartilage tissue located in the tibia, not the cartilaginous condensation of an emrbyonic tibia
  • + portion of cartilage tissue in tibia has exact synonym tibial cartilage
  • + portion of cartilage tissue in tibia label portion of cartilage tissue in tibia

Changes for: blastula

• Deleted
  • - blastula comment TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula
• Added
  • + blastula editor note TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula

Changes for: body wall

• Deleted
  • - body wall SubClassOf subdivision of trunk
  • - body wall definition the external portion of an animal body comprised of ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity. { database cross reference=MP:0003385 }
  • - body wall has exact synonym trunk wall { database cross reference=FMA:10427 }
  • - body wall has exact synonym wall of trunk { database cross reference=FMA:10427 }
  • - body wall has related synonym Koerperwand { database cross reference=BTO:0000139 }
• Added
  • + body wall SubClassOf organism subdivision
  • + body wall comment Taxon notes: defined generically to encompass both vertebrates and invertebrates. AO notes: the BTO class refers to earthworms.
  • + body wall definition the external portion of an animal body derived from ectoderm and mesoderm layers that encloses the body cavity. { database cross reference=MP:0003385 }
  • + body wall has narrow synonym trunk wall { database cross reference=FMA:10427 }
  • + body wall has narrow synonym wall of trunk { database cross reference=FMA:10427 }

Changes for: musculature of body wall

• Deleted
  • - musculature of body wall SubClassOf musculature of trunk
• Added
  • + musculature of body wall SubClassOf musculature
  • + musculature of body wall comment Taxon notes: define generically to encompass both vertebrates and invertebrates
  • + musculature of body wall database cross reference BTO:0001863
  • + musculature of body wall database cross reference WBbt:0005813

Changes for: tendon sheath

• Deleted
  • - tendon sheath comment TODO: add layer relations. ‘tendon sheath’ GAT in FMA.
• Added
  • + tendon sheath editor note TODO - add layer relations. ‘tendon sheath’ GAT in FMA.

Changes for: capillary loop nephron

• Deleted
  • - capillary loop nephron comment TODO
• Added
  • + capillary loop nephron editor note TODO

Changes for: maturing nephron

• Deleted
  • - maturing nephron comment TODO
• Added
  • + maturing nephron editor note TODO

Changes for: musculature of thorax

• Deleted
  • - musculature of thorax comment note BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here
• Added
  • + musculature of thorax external ontology notes BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here { external ontology=BTO }

Changes for: esophageal sphincter

• Deleted
  • - esophageal sphincter comment editor note - check for specific subtypes across species. Note mammals have upper and lower, but lower is really part of cardia and thus is not classified under here
• Added
  • + esophageal sphincter comment editor note: check for specific subtypes across species. Note mammals have upper and lower, but lower is really part of cardia and thus is not classified under here

Changes for: trunk or cervical vertebra

• Deleted
  • - trunk or cervical vertebra comment In humans, there are 24 presacral vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar). AO notes: it’s not clear if the XAO class belongs here or below
• Added
  • + trunk or cervical vertebra external ontology notes it’s not clear if the XAO class belongs here or below { external ontology=XAO }
  • + trunk or cervical vertebra taxon notes In humans, there are 24 presacral vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar)

Changes for: tarsal region

• Deleted
  • - tarsal region comment Usage notes: this term refers to the limb segment. See also: tarsal bones and tarsal skeleton. AO notes: MA has both tarsus (part of foot, has tarsal bone) and ankle (part of hindlimb, has joint, nerve, skin).
• Added
  • + tarsal region curator notes this term refers to the limb segment. See also: tarsal bones and tarsal skeleton
  • + tarsal region external ontology notes MA has both tarsus (part of foot, has tarsal bone) and ankle (part of hindlimb, has joint, nerve, skin). { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: trigeminal nuclear complex

• Deleted
  • - trigeminal nuclear complex comment In MA and FMA this is part of the pons / pontime tegmentum. We weaken this to overlaps to avoid inconsistency. In NIF this is a composite structure spanning multiple regions, which is more appropriate.
• Added
  • + trigeminal nuclear complex external ontology notes in MA and FMA this is part of the pons / pontime tegmentum. We weaken this to overlaps to avoid inconsistency. In NIF this is a composite structure spanning multiple regions, which is more appropriate. { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: hippocampus alveus

• Deleted
  • - hippocampus alveus comment todo - check xref: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Alveus
• Added
  • + hippocampus alveus editor note TODO - check xref: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Alveus ! Alveus

Changes for: myoseptum

• Deleted
  • - myoseptum SubClassOf embryonic structure

Changes for: median raphe nucleus

• Deleted
  • - median raphe nucleus comment TODO: The term medial raphe nucleus refers to a composite structure that consists of the superior central nucleus and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 )[http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?type=h&ID=1391]
• Added
  • + median raphe nucleus editor note TODO - The term medial raphe nucleus refers to a composite structure that consists of the superior central nucleus and the inferior central nucleus of the pontine reticular formation ( Carpenter-1983 )[http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?type=h&ID=1391]

Changes for: gastroesophageal sphincter

• Deleted
  • - gastroesophageal sphincter comment todo - split? check FMA:63048
• Added
  • + gastroesophageal sphincter editor note TODO - split? check FMA:63048 ! circular muscle layer of abdominal part of esophagus

Changes for: ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium

• Deleted
  • - ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium comment in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label
• Added
  • + ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium external ontology notes in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: caudal region of vertebral column

• Deleted
  • - caudal region of vertebral column comment in AAO, this is posterior to the caudal-sacral region
• Added
  • + caudal region of vertebral column external ontology notes in AAO, this is posterior to the caudal-sacral region { external ontology=AAO }

Changes for: sacral region of vertebral column

• Deleted
  • - sacral region of vertebral column comment In adult humans, the sacral skeleton is fused and called the sacrum
• Added
  • + sacral region of vertebral column taxon notes Inadult humans, the sacral skeleton is fused and called the sacrum

Changes for: interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2

• Added
  • + interdigital region between pedal digits 1 and 2 has exact synonym interdigital region between pedal digits I and II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5

• Added
  • + interdigital region between manual digits 4 and 5 has exact synonym interdigital region between manual digits IV and V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4

• Added
  • + interdigital region between manual digits 3 and 4 has exact synonym interdigital region between manual digits III and IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5

• Added
  • + interdigital region between pedal digits 4 and 5 has exact synonym interdigital region between pedal digits IV and V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 1

• Deleted
  • - digit 1 has exact synonym digit I
• Added
  • + digit 1 has exact synonym digit I { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 2

• Deleted
  • - digit 2 has exact synonym digit II
• Added
  • + digit 2 has exact synonym digit II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4

• Added
  • + interdigital region between pedal digits 3 and 4 has exact synonym interdigital region between pedal digits III and IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3

• Added
  • + interdigital region between pedal digits 2 and 3 has exact synonym interdigital region between pedal digits II and III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 5

• Deleted
  • - digit 5 has exact synonym digit V
• Added
  • + digit 5 has exact synonym digit V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 3

• Deleted
  • - digit 3 has exact synonym digit III
• Added
  • + digit 3 has exact synonym digit III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: digit 4

• Deleted
  • - digit 4 has exact synonym digit IV
• Added
  • + digit 4 has exact synonym digit IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: caudal region

• Deleted
  • - caudal region comment We follow XAO is distinguishing the tail region from the tail; the tail bud is part of the tail region; the tail starts after the tail bud
• Added
  • + caudal region external ontology notes We follow XAO is distinguishing the tail region from the tail; the tail bud is part of the tail region; the tail starts after the tail bud { external ontology=XAO }

Changes for: zygapophysis

• Deleted
  • - zygapophysis comment todo - class as endochondral bone, check species
• Added
  • + zygapophysis editor note TODO - class as endochondral bone, check species

Changes for: periderm

• Deleted
  • - periderm comment Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html)
• Added
  • + periderm development notes Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html)

Changes for: ventricular zone

• Deleted
  • - ventricular zone comment in BTO this is restricted to the 4th ventricle - however this class also represents the early ventricular zone as well as its post-natal remnants. The MA class is named ‘ventricular zone of brain’ and is presumably restricted to the post-natal zone
• Added
  • + ventricular zone external ontology notes in BTO this is restricted to the 4th ventricle - however this class also represents the early ventricular zone as well as its post-natal remnants. The MA class is named ‘ventricular zone of brain’ and is presumably restricted to the post-natal zone { external ontology=BTO }

Changes for: roof plate

• Deleted
  • - roof plate comment TODO - Note that although this is classically defined as being located on the neural tube, in many AOs the roof plate continues post-embryonically after the neural tube has ceased to exist. Consider ‘roof plate of neural tube’. TODO - alar plate vs roof plate
• Added
  • + roof plate editor note TODO - Note that although this is classically defined as being located on the neural tube, in many AOs the roof plate continues post-embryonically after the neural tube has ceased to exist. Consider ‘roof plate of neural tube’. TODO - alar plate vs roof plate

Changes for: fibrous ring of heart

• Deleted
  • - fibrous ring of heart comment todo - compare with ZFA atrioventricular ring, part of the conduction system
  • - fibrous ring of heart definition The right and left fibrous rings of heart (anulus fibrosus cordis) surround the atrioventricular and arterial orifices, and are stronger upon the left than on the right side of the heart. The right fibrous ring is known as the anulus fibrosus dexter cordis, and the left is known as the anulus fibrosus sinister cordis. The atrioventricular rings serve for the attachment of the muscular fibers of the atria and ventricles, and for the attachment of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. The left atrioventricular ring is closely connected, by its right margin, with the aortic arterial ring; between these and the right atrioventricular ring is a triangular mass of fibrous tissue, the trigonum fibrosum, which represents the os cordis seen in the heart of some of the larger animals, as the ox and elephant. Lastly, there is the tendinous band, already referred to, the posterior surface of the conus arteriosus. The fibrous rings surrounding the arterial orifices serve for the attachment of the great vessels and semilunar valves, they are known as The aortic annulus. Each ring receives, by its ventricular margin, the attachment of some of the muscular fibers of the ventricles; its opposite margin presents three deep semicircular notches, to which the middle coat of the artery is firmly fixed. The attachment of the artery to its fibrous ring is strengthened by the external coat and serous membrane externally, and by the endocardium internally. From the margins of the semicircular notches the fibrous structure of the ring is continued into the segments of the valves. The middle coat of the artery in this situation is thin, and the vessel is dilated to form the sinuses of the aorta and pulmonary artery. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_rings_of_heart }
• Added
  • + fibrous ring of heart definition A ring of ribrous tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular and arterial orifices { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_rings_of_heart , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + fibrous ring of heart editor note TODO - compare with ZFA atrioventricular ring, part of the conduction system

Changes for: pharyngeal arch 2

• Deleted
  • - pharyngeal arch 2 comment In XAO, develops from visceral pouch 2
• Added
  • + pharyngeal arch 2 external ontology notes in XAO, develops from visceral pouch 2 { external ontology=XAO }

Changes for: hyaloid canal

• Deleted
  • - hyaloid canal SubClassOf structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
• Added
  • + hyaloid canal SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: interdigital region between digits 1 and 2

• Added
  • + interdigital region between digits 1 and 2 has exact synonym interdigital region between digits I and II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region between digits 2 and 3

• Added
  • + interdigital region between digits 2 and 3 has exact synonym interdigital region between digits II and III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: primitive knot

• Deleted
  • - primitive knot comment This class groups together possibly disparate structures, following homology class in vHOG; early development terms need review
• Added
  • + primitive knot editor note This class groups together possibly disparate structures, following homology class in vHOG; early development terms need review

Changes for: prechordal plate

• Deleted
  • - prechordal plate comment todo - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA?
• Added
  • + prechordal plate editor note TODO - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA?

Changes for: interdigital region between digits 3 and 4

• Added
  • + interdigital region between digits 3 and 4 has exact synonym interdigital region between digits III and IV { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2

• Added
  • + interdigital region between manual digits 1 and 2 has exact synonym interdigital region between manual digits I and II { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: interdigital region between digits 4 and 5

• Added
  • + interdigital region between digits 4 and 5 has exact synonym interdigital region between digits IV and V { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: posterior neural tube

• Deleted
  • - posterior neural tube comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies

Changes for: lens placode

• Deleted
  • - lens placode SubClassOf part of some external ectoderm

Changes for: interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3

• Added
  • + interdigital region between manual digits 2 and 3 has exact synonym interdigital region between manual digits II and III { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: mesonephric duct

• Deleted
  • - mesonephric duct comment TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. Development notes: In the male the Wolffian duct persists, and forms for example the epididymis, the ductus deferens, the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle and efferent ducts.
• Added
  • + mesonephric duct development notes In the male the Wolffian duct persists, and forms for example the epididymis, the ductus deferens, the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle and efferent ducts.
  • + mesonephric duct editor note TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct

Changes for: myotome

• Deleted
  • - myotome SubClassOf embryonic tissue
  • - myotome SubClassOf meso-epithelium
  • - myotome SubClassOf part of some mesoderm
  • - myotome SubClassOf unilaminar epithelium
  • - myotome database cross reference EHDAA2:0003431
  • - myotome definition A group of tissues formed from somites that develop into the body wall muscle[WP]. Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle. mesoderm that is derived from the somite that is fated to become the musculature[MP]. Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses[ZFA] { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotome , database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313522 , database cross reference=MP:0003939 , database cross reference=ZFIN:curator }
  • - myotome editor note The term ‘myotome’ is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class.
• Added
  • + myotome SubClassOf contributes to morphology of some muscle organ
  • + myotome SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure
  • + myotome SubClassOf develops from some somite
  • + myotome database cross reference EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003431
  • + myotome definition A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. { database cross reference=AEO:0001018 }
  • + myotome editor note The term ‘myotome’ is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class, myomere.

Changes for: ultimobranchial body

• Deleted
  • - ultimobranchial body has exact synonym corpus ultimopharyngeum { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimobranchial_body }
• Added
  • + ultimobranchial body has exact synonym corpus ultimopharyngeum { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimobranchial_body , has synonym type=latin term }

Changes for: thyroid primordium

• Deleted
  • - thyroid primordium comment In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch[PMID:16313389]. Note that we follow EHDAA2 in dividing this into endoderm and mesenchyme. In this ontology we place the broad developmental relationship at this level, and include specific relationships to the pharyngeal endoderm at the level of the endoderm
• Added
  • + thyroid primordium external ontology notes Note that we follow EHDAA2 in dividing this into endoderm and mesenchyme. In this ontology we place the broad developmental relationship at this level, and include specific relationships to the pharyngeal endoderm at the level of the endoderm { external ontology=EHDAA2 }
  • + thyroid primordium taxon notes In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch[PMID:16313389]

Changes for: sphenoid bone pterygoid process

• Deleted
  • - sphenoid bone pterygoid process comment todo - check AAO:0000521-pterygoid and MA:0001471-pterygoid bone. MA also has ‘inner plate of pterygoid process’ as a syn for MA:0001471, FMA has lateral/medial plates. Seems likely inner = lateral (see MP:0004452).
• Added
  • + sphenoid bone pterygoid process editor note TODO - check AAO:0000521-pterygoid and MA:0001471-pterygoid bone. MA also has ‘inner plate of pterygoid process’ as a syn for MA:0001471, FMA has lateral/medial plates. Seems likely inner = lateral (see MP:0004452).

Changes for: pharyngeal arch 3

• Deleted
  • - pharyngeal arch 3 comment in XAO, called branchial arch 1 and df VP3
• Added
  • + pharyngeal arch 3 external ontology notes in XAO, called branchial arch 1 and df VP3 { external ontology=XAO }

Changes for: pharyngeal arch 4

• Deleted
  • - pharyngeal arch 4 comment in XAO, called branchial arch 2 and df VP4
• Added
  • + pharyngeal arch 4 external ontology notes in XAO, called branchial arch 2 and df VP4 { external ontology=XAO }

Changes for: parapophysis

• Deleted
  • - parapophysis comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + parapophysis editor note TODO - check

Changes for: dorsal lateral plate region

• Deleted
  • - dorsal lateral plate region definition Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo. // Region where blood progenitor markers are expressed. Probable site of definitive hematopoiesis between 36hpf and 4dpf. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9618755 , database cross reference=ZFIN:curator }
• Added
  • + dorsal lateral plate region definition Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo. { database cross reference=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9618755 , database cross reference=ZFIN:curator }

Changes for: urostyle

• Deleted
  • - urostyle comment In zebrafish, it is composed of preural vertebra 1 and ural centra 1 and 2. The number of ural centra that become fused with preural centrum 1 varies among teleost subgroups. Because of varying developmental origins the urostyle may not be homologous across species.[TAO]. Grouping with AAO dubious
• Added
  • + urostyle comment Grouping with AAO dubious
  • + urostyle taxon notes In zebrafish, it is composed of preural vertebra 1 and ural centra 1 and 2. The number of ural centra that become fused with preural centrum 1 varies among teleost subgroups. Because of varying developmental origins the urostyle may not be homologous across species.[TAO]

Changes for: rib 1

• Deleted
  • - rib 1 definition The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. The head is small, rounded, and possesses only a single articular facet, for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. The neck is narrow and rounded. The tubercle, thick and prominent, is placed on the outer border. There is no angle, but at the tubercle the rib is slightly bent, with the convexity upward, so that the head of the bone is directed downward. The upper surface of the body is marked by two shallow grooves, separated from each other by a slight ridge prolonged internally into a tubercle, the scalene tubercle, for the attachment of the Scalenus anterior; the anterior groove transmits the subclavian vein, the posterior the subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus. Behind the posterior groove is a rough area for the attachment of the Scalenus medius. The under surface is smooth, and destitute of a costal groove. The outer border is convex, thick, and rounded, and at its posterior part gives attachment to the first digitation of the serratus ventralis. The inner border is concave, thin, and sharp, and marked about its center by the scalene tubercle. The anterior extremity is larger and thicker than that of any of the other ribs. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_rib }
• Added
  • + rib 1 definition The first rib of the rib cage

Changes for: rib 2

• Deleted
  • - rib 2 definition The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the serratus ventralis; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_rib }
• Added
  • + rib 2 definition The second rib of the rib cage

Changes for: skull

• Deleted
  • - skull comment In FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. // A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates[WP]. Editor/AO notes: in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton
• Added
  • + skull comment A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates[WP]. Editor/AO notes: in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton
  • + skull external ontology notes in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: open tracheal system trachea

• Deleted
  • - open tracheal system trachea comment TODO check if is_a epithelium
• Added
  • + open tracheal system trachea editor note TODO check if is_a epithelium

Changes for: trachea

• Deleted
  • - trachea comment . In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx.
• Added
  • + trachea taxon notes In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx.

Changes for: vitelline membrane

• Deleted
  • - vitelline membrane comment TODO - consider GO CC request. GO:0030704-vitelline membrane formation considered a subclass of CC organization
• Added
  • + vitelline membrane editor note TODO - consider GO CC request. GO:0030704-vitelline membrane formation considered a subclass of CC organization

Changes for: midbrain raphe nuclei

• Deleted
  • - midbrain raphe nuclei comment todo - check. note BTO class is placed here as it is placed in hindbrain
• Added
  • + midbrain raphe nuclei editor note TODO - check. note BTO class is placed here as it is placed in hindbrain

Changes for: naso-frontal vein

• Deleted
  • - naso-frontal vein SubClassOf brain blood vessel
• Added
  • + naso-frontal vein SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure

Changes for: gastro-splenic ligament

• Deleted
  • - gastro-splenic ligament comment in MA, EMAPA and EHDAA2 this is part of the dorsal mesogastrium. In wikipedia, and the above source, it is derived from the DM. This is a generic ligament in MA, we infer this and assert that this is a nonskeletal ligament
• Added
  • + gastro-splenic ligament external ontology notes in MA, EMAPA and EHDAA2 this is part of the dorsal mesogastrium. In wikipedia, and the above source, it is derived from the DM. This is a generic ligament in MA, we infer this and assert that this is a nonskeletal ligament { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: spinal cord lateral horn

• Deleted
  • - spinal cord lateral horn comment todo - check relationship to spinal cord lateral column. in FMA funiculus=white and horn=grep
• Added
  • + spinal cord lateral horn editor note TODO - check relationship to spinal cord lateral column. in FMA funiculus=white and horn=grep

Changes for: trigeminal nerve root

• Deleted
  • - trigeminal nerve root comment TODO - check ZFA
• Added
  • + trigeminal nerve root editor note TODO - check ZFA

Changes for: ependyma

• Deleted
  • - ependyma comment FMA breaks ependyma into epednyma proper (a subdivsion of epithelium) and epithelium of choroid plexus
• Added
  • + ependyma comment AO notes: FMA breaks ependyma into epednyma proper (a subdivsion of epithelium) and epithelium of choroid plexus

Changes for: ganglion

• Deleted
  • - ganglion comment TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. // Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com).
• Added
  • + ganglion comment Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com).
  • + ganglion editor note TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.

Changes for: dorsal root ganglion

• Deleted
  • - dorsal root ganglion comment . Other ontology notes: FMA treats dorsal root ganglion and spinal ganglion as equivalent labels. MA is the only ontology to introduce two classes here (also EHDAA2)
• Added
  • + dorsal root ganglion external ontology notes FMA treats dorsal root ganglion and spinal ganglion as equivalent labels. MA is the only ontology to introduce two classes here (also EHDAA2) { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: serous membrane

• Deleted
  • - serous membrane comment in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA.
• Added
  • + serous membrane external ontology notes in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: odontode scale

• Deleted
  • - odontode scale comment TODO check dentin def // Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone.
• Added
  • + odontode scale editor note TODO check dentin def
  • + odontode scale taxon notes Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone.

Changes for: endocrine pancreas

• Deleted
  • - endocrine pancreas comment Editor notes - endocrine and exocrine pancrease are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys [PMID:20959416] - create a separate class for these?
• Added
  • + endocrine pancreas comment - create a separate class for these?
  • + endocrine pancreas editor note endocrine and exocrine pancrease are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys [PMID:20959416]

Changes for: cutaneous appendage

• Deleted
  • - cutaneous appendage comment Examples: hair, nail (FMA); feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, scale(?), antler, bristle. Editors note: Mammary glands develop by similar mechanisms, and there is an argument for including them here (e.g. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20484386), but these structures do not fit the current definition (lactiferous glands are part of the integumentary system in FMA). Note the FMA class is a subdivision of epidermis, which may be too restrictive for our purposes here. TODO: revise after definition of appendage is finalized in CARO2; in addition, verify subtypes w.r.t definition - e.g. beaks may overlap with skin of body rather than being part of it - rhamphotheca may be more appropriate
• Added
  • + cutaneous appendage comment Examples: hair, nail (FMA); feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, scale(?), antler, bristle. Editors note: Mammary glands develop by similar mechanisms, and there is an argument for including them here (e.g. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20484386), but these structures do not fit the current definition (lactiferous glands are part of the integumentary system in FMA). Note the FMA class is a subdivision of epidermis, which may be too restrictive for our purposes here. EDITOR NOTE: TODO revise after definition of appendage is finalized in CARO2; in addition, verify subtypes w.r.t definition - e.g. beaks may overlap with skin of body rather than being part of it - rhamphotheca may be more appropriate

Changes for: appendage

• Deleted
  • - appendage comment Taxon Notes: this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers
• Added
  • + appendage taxon notes this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers

Changes for: naris

• Deleted
  • - naris comment consistency notes: we have classified this as an orifice, according to FMA. Note that in FMA, orifices are immaterial entities, but in ZFA this is a surface structure. Taxon notes: in actinopterygians, both pairs of nares are external. In tetrapods, the exhalant empties into the buccal cavity
• Added
  • + naris external ontology notes we have classified this as an orifice, according to FMA. Note that in FMA, orifices are immaterial entities, but in ZFA this is a surface structure { external ontology=FMA }
  • + naris taxon notes in actinopterygians, both pairs of nares are external. In tetrapods, the exhalant empties into the buccal cavity

Changes for: olfactory apparatus

• Deleted
  • - olfactory apparatus comment TODO - distinguish generic olfactory apparatus from nose; we have olfactory organ for the generic organ - add new class ‘olfactory structure’?
• Added
  • + olfactory apparatus editor note TODO - distinguish generic olfactory apparatus from nose; we have olfactory organ for the generic organ - add new class ‘olfactory structure’?

Changes for: islet of Langerhans

• Deleted
  • - islet of Langerhans comment A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986)[PMID:16417468]
• Added
  • + islet of Langerhans taxon notes A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986)[PMID:16417468]

Changes for: auditory bulla

• Deleted
  • - auditory bulla comment In extant primates, the structure is found in tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises[WP]. When present in marsupials, it usually forms the alisphenoid; in placentals variously constructed of ectotympanic, entotympanic, petrosal, or a combination of these and others[Rose] Comment: may be formed from entotympanic and ectotympanic
• Added
  • + auditory bulla comment Comment: may be formed from entotympanic and ectotympanic
  • + auditory bulla taxon notes In extant primates, the structure is found in tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises[WP]. When present in marsupials, it usually forms the alisphenoid; in placentals variously constructed of ectotympanic, entotympanic, petrosal, or a combination of these and others[Rose]

Changes for: dental follicle

• Deleted
  • - dental follicle SubClassOf part of some mouth

Changes for: obsolete mouthpart

• Deleted
  • - obsolete mouthpart comment TODO
• Added
  • + obsolete mouthpart editor note TODO

Changes for: somatosensory cortex

• Deleted
  • - somatosensory cortex comment TODO - add layers
• Added
  • + somatosensory cortex editor note TODO - add layers

Changes for: secondary somatosensory cortex

• Deleted
  • - secondary somatosensory cortex comment TODO - check brodmann
• Added
  • + secondary somatosensory cortex editor note TODO - check brodmann

Changes for: post-embryonic stage

• Deleted
  • - post-embryonic stage comment In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997)
• Added
  • + post-embryonic stage taxon notes In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997)

Changes for: metanephros

• Deleted
  • - metanephros comment TODO check developmental relationships
• Added
  • + metanephros editor note TODO check developmental relationships

Changes for: mesonephric tubule

• Deleted
  • - mesonephric tubule comment TODO check
• Added
  • + mesonephric tubule editor note TODO check

Changes for: urethra

• Deleted
  • - urethra definition A tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethra }
• Added
  • + urethra SubClassOf develops from some embryonic urethral groove
  • + urethra comment Taxon notes: In human males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening.
  • + urethra definition A tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethra }

Changes for: manual digit 1 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym manual digit I digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 5 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym manual digit V digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym manual digit IV digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym manual digit III digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym manual digit II digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym pedal digit IV digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym pedal digit III digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym pedal digit II digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 1 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym pedal digit I digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym pedal digit V digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 7 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + manual digit 7 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym manual digit VII plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 6 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + manual digit 6 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym manual digit VI plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 6 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + pedal digit 6 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym pedal digit VI plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 8 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + manual digit 8 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym manual digit VIII plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: coronary vessel

• Deleted
  • - coronary vessel comment TODO - change relation from part_of
• Added
  • + coronary vessel editor note TODO - change relation from part_of

Changes for: reticulum trabeculare

• Deleted
  • - reticulum trabeculare SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
  • - reticulum trabeculare comment TODO check syns - ligaments
• Added
  • + reticulum trabeculare SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure
  • + reticulum trabeculare editor note TODO check syns - ligaments

Changes for: infundibulum of hair follicle

• Deleted
  • - infundibulum of hair follicle definition the portion of the hair follicle from the entrance of the sebaceous gland duct to the surface opening. { database cross reference=https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3565357&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 , database cross reference=UBERON:ps }
• Added
  • + infundibulum of hair follicle definition The portion of the hair follicle from the entrance of the sebaceous gland duct to the surface opening. { database cross reference=https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3565357&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 , database cross reference=UBERON:ps }

Changes for: ansiform lobule crus I

• Deleted
  • - ansiform lobule crus I comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + ansiform lobule crus I editor note TODO - check

Changes for: ansiform lobule crus II

• Deleted
  • - ansiform lobule crus II comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + ansiform lobule crus II editor note TODO - check

Changes for: inferior nasal concha

• Deleted
  • - inferior nasal concha external ontology notes in FMA this is not classified with the other turbinates. In Uberon we subdivide the turbinates into the ethmoturbinates and the inferior turbinate. TODO: check ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha { external ontology=FMA }
• Added
  • + inferior nasal concha external ontology notes in FMA this is not classified with the other turbinates. In Uberon we subdivide the turbinates into the ethmoturbinates and the inferior turbinate. EDITOR NOTE: TODO check ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: external naris

• Deleted
  • - external naris comment Fish have two pairs of external nostrils.
• Added
  • + external naris taxon notes Fish have two pairs of external nostrils.

Changes for: primary choana

• Deleted
  • - primary choana comment TODO - check. MA says part_of external naris.
• Added
  • + primary choana editor note TODO - check. MA says part_of external naris.

Changes for: bulb of hair follicle

• Deleted
  • - bulb of hair follicle comment see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
• Added
  • + bulb of hair follicle see also https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/mouse-anatomy-requests/42/

Changes for: duct of male reproductive system

• Deleted
  • - duct of male reproductive system comment groups the individual ducts in a variety of species
• Added
  • + duct of male reproductive system curator notes this class groups the individual ducts in a variety of species

Changes for: occipital region

• Deleted
  • - occipital region comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + occipital region editor note TODO - check

Changes for: tongue squamous epithelium

• Deleted
  • - tongue squamous epithelium comment note this is a singleton subclass of tongue epithelium in MA
• Added
  • + tongue squamous epithelium external ontology notes this is a singleton subclass of tongue epithelium in MA { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: palatine process of maxilla

• Deleted
  • - palatine process of maxilla definition The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. It forms a considerable part of the floor of the nose and the roof of the mouth and is much thicker in front than behind. Its inferior surface is concave, rough and uneven, and forms, with the palatine process of the opposite bone, the anterior three-fourths of the hard palate. It is perforated by numerous foramina for the passage of the nutrient vessels; is channelled at the back part of its lateral border by a groove, sometimes a canal, for the transmission of the descending palatine vessels and the anterior palatine nerve from the spheno-palatine ganglion; and presents little depressions for the lodgement of the palatine glands. When the two maxillae are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. In this opening the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. Occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. On the under surface of the palatine process, a delicate linear suture, well seen in young skulls, may sometimes be noticed extending lateralward and forward on either side from the incisive foramen to the interval between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth. The small part in front of this suture constitutes the premaxilla (os incisivum), which in most vertebrates forms an independent bone; it includes the whole thickness of the alveolus, the corresponding part of the floor of the nose and the anterior nasal spine, and contains the sockets of the incisor teeth. The upper surface of the palatine process is concave from side to side, smooth, and forms the greater part of the floor of the nasal cavity. It presents, close to its medial margin, the upper orifice of the incisive canal. The lateral border of the process is incorporated with the rest of the bone. The medial border is thicker in front than behind, and is raised above into a ridge, the nasal crest, which, with the corresponding ridge of the opposite bone, forms a groove for the reception of the vomer. The front part of this ridge rises to a considerable height, and is named the incisor crest; it is prolonged forward into a sharp process, which forms, together with a similar process of the opposite bone, the anterior nasal spine. The posterior border is serrated for articulation with the horizontal part of the palatine bone. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_process_of_maxilla }
• Added
  • + palatine process of maxilla definition A thick, horizontal process of the maxilla. It forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate, the horizontal plate of the palatine bone making up the rest. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_process_of_maxilla }

Changes for: olfactory pit

• Deleted
  • - olfactory pit comment we represent the relationship as develops from, though in fact the pit is formed as an indentation in the placode
• Added
  • + olfactory pit editor note we represent the relationship as develops from, though in fact the pit is formed as an indentation in the placode

Changes for: thymus subcapsular epithelium

• Deleted
  • - thymus subcapsular epithelium comment todo - check whether this is part of the thymus or borders it
• Added
  • + thymus subcapsular epithelium editor note TODO - check whether this is part of the thymus or borders it

Changes for: neural tube lateral wall mantle layer

• Deleted
  • - neural tube lateral wall mantle layer comment TODO - expand subtypes post EHDAA2-revision, check lateral wall
• Added
  • + neural tube lateral wall mantle layer editor note TODO - expand subtypes post EHDAA2-revision, check lateral wall

Changes for: ejaculatory duct epithelium

• Deleted
  • - ejaculatory duct epithelium comment TODO: split off insect classes
• Added
  • + ejaculatory duct epithelium editor note TODO - split off insect classes

Changes for: submandibular gland primordium epithelium

• Deleted
  • - submandibular gland primordium epithelium SubClassOf salivary gland epithelium
• Added
  • + submandibular gland primordium epithelium SubClassOf epithelium

Changes for: splenius capitis

• Deleted
  • - splenius capitis SubClassOf part of some neck
  • - splenius capitis definition The splenius capitis is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ. The fibers of the muscle are directed upward and lateralward and are inserted, under cover of the Sternocleidomastoideus, into the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line. The Splenius Capitis muscle is innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves C3-C4. The splenius muscle is a prime mover for head extension. The splenius capitis can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_capitis_muscle }
• Added
  • + splenius capitis SubClassOf part of some dorsal part of neck
  • + splenius capitis comment Action notes: Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head
  • + splenius capitis definition A muscle that arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ and inserts the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line[WP,modified]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_capitis_muscle }

Changes for: cervical vertebra 1 anterior tubercle

• Deleted
  • - cervical vertebra 1 anterior tubercle comment TODO - check: anterior vs ventral; arch vs transverse process
• Added
  • + cervical vertebra 1 anterior tubercle editor note TODO - check: anterior vs ventral; arch vs transverse process

Changes for: cephalic flexure

• Deleted
  • - cephalic flexure comment TODO - check
• Added
  • + cephalic flexure editor note TODO - check

Changes for: falciform carpal bone

• Deleted
  • - falciform carpal bone comment todo - check relationship to radial sesamoid
• Added
  • + falciform carpal bone editor note TODO - check relationship to radial sesamoid

Changes for: hindlimb stylopod

• Deleted
  • - hindlimb stylopod comment Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group. TODO - add distinct term for skeleton and place AAO class here
  • - hindlimb stylopod database cross reference AAO:0000887
• Added
  • + hindlimb stylopod terminology notes Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group.

Changes for: intestinal gland

• Deleted
  • - intestinal gland comment Note that some sources treat ‘intestinal gland’ as synonymous with
• Added
  • + intestinal gland comment Note that some sources treat ‘intestinal gland’ as synonymous with crypts

Changes for: scapholunate

• Deleted
  • - scapholunate comment .

Changes for: pedal digit 6 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + pedal digit 6 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym pedal digit VI digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 6 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + manual digit 6 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym manual digit VI digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 8 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + manual digit 8 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym manual digit VIII digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 7 digitopodial skeleton

• Added
  • + manual digit 7 digitopodial skeleton has exact synonym manual digit VII digitopodial skeleton { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: obsolete central nervous system plus retina

• Deleted
  • - obsolete central nervous system plus retina comment a340e30cc8e9b2ce
• Added
  • + obsolete central nervous system plus retina external ontology notes a340e30cc8e9b2ce { external ontology=ZFA }

Changes for: visceral layer of glomerular capsule

• Deleted
  • - visceral layer of glomerular capsule comment TODO - check - the BTO class ‘glomerular epithelium’ is the visceral layer. But GO uses ‘glomerular epithelium’ as the mereological sum of P+V layers
• Added
  • + visceral layer of glomerular capsule editor note TODO - check - the BTO class ‘glomerular epithelium’ is the visceral layer. But GO uses ‘glomerular epithelium’ as the mereological sum of P+V layers

Changes for: prostate epithelium

• Deleted
  • - prostate epithelium comment TODO - check 2 FMA IDs
• Added
  • + prostate epithelium editor note TODO - check 2 FMA IDs

Changes for: glomerular parietal epithelium

• Deleted
  • - glomerular parietal epithelium comment TODO - check this. BTO has podocytes under here
• Added
  • + glomerular parietal epithelium editor note TODO - check this. BTO has podocytes under here

Changes for: nephric ridge

• Deleted
  • - nephric ridge comment TODO - check ridge vs cord vs nephrogenic cord vs blastema
• Added
  • + nephric ridge editor note TODO - check ridge vs cord vs nephrogenic cord vs blastema

Changes for: olfactory system

• Deleted
  • - olfactory system comment In mammals, the main olfactory system detects odorants that are inhaled through the nose, where they contact the main olfactory epithelium, which contains various olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors are membrane proteins of bipolar olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules. Olfactory neurons transduce receptor activation into electrical signals in neurons. The signals travel along the olfactory nerve, which belongs to the peripheral nervous system. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which belongs to the central nervous system. The complex set of olfactory receptors on different olfactory neurons can distinguish a new odor from the background environmental odors and determine the concentration of the odor // Editor note: consider splitting into main and accessory. See also: vomeronasal organ // note we make the relationship to nervous system ‘overlaps’, as the olfactory system includes e.g. apertures in the cranium that are not part of the nervous system
• Added
  • + olfactory system editor note we make the relationship to nervous system ‘overlaps’, as the olfactory system includes e.g. apertures in the cranium that are not part of the nervous system
  • + olfactory system taxon notes In mammals, the main olfactory system detects odorants that are inhaled through the nose, where they contact the main olfactory epithelium, which contains various olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors are membrane proteins of bipolar olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules. Olfactory neurons transduce receptor activation into electrical signals in neurons. The signals travel along the olfactory nerve, which belongs to the peripheral nervous system. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which belongs to the central nervous system. The complex set of olfactory receptors on different olfactory neurons can distinguish a new odor from the background environmental odors and determine the concentration of the odor[WP]. Editor note: consider splitting into main and accessory. See also: vomeronasal organ

Changes for: tunica adventitia of blood vessel

• Deleted
  • - tunica adventitia of blood vessel comment TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings
• Added
  • + tunica adventitia of blood vessel editor note TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings

Changes for: primary palate mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - primary palate mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a primary palate. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + primary palate mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing primary palate. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a secondary palatal shelf. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing secondary palatal shelf. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: connecting stalk

• Deleted
  • - connecting stalk comment todo - this is currently defined as a bridge of mesoderm, but in EHDAA2 is extraembryonic structure split into mesoderm and blood vessels
• Added
  • + connecting stalk editor note TODO - this is currently defined as a bridge of mesoderm, but in EHDAA2 is extraembryonic structure split into mesoderm and blood vessels

Changes for: appendage girdle region

• Deleted
  • - appendage girdle region comment Usage Notes: this encompasses non-skeletal tissue
• Added
  • + appendage girdle region curator notes this encompasses non-skeletal tissue

Changes for: multi-cellular organism

• Deleted
  • - multi-cellular organism comment TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage
• Added
  • + multi-cellular organism editor note TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage

Changes for: prefrontal cortex

• Deleted
  • - prefrontal cortex comment TODO - check MA
• Added
  • + prefrontal cortex editor note TODO - check MA

Changes for: cell part

• Deleted
  • - cell part comment todo - move metadata to GO and obsolete this class. Note the inconsistency between the usage of the label ‘cell component’ in GO and CARO
• Added
  • + cell part editor note TODO - move metadata to GO and obsolete this class. Note the inconsistency between the usage of the label ‘cell component’ in GO and CARO

Changes for: rhomboid

• Deleted
  • - rhomboid comment TODO - add child terms
• Added
  • + rhomboid editor note TODO - add child terms

Changes for: fetal membrane

• Deleted
  • - fetal membrane comment todo - merge with extraembryonic membrane?
• Added
  • + fetal membrane editor note TODO - merge with extraembryonic membrane?

Changes for: manual digit 2 epithelium

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 epithelium has exact synonym manual digit II epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 epithelium

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 epithelium has exact synonym manual digit IV epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 epithelium

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 epithelium has exact synonym manual digit III epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: ultimobranchial body epithelium

• Deleted
  • - ultimobranchial body epithelium comment in EHDAA2, develops_from ventral 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm. Kardong: develops from 5th pouch. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16313389: the most posterior pouch generates the ultimobranchial bodies in most vertebrate classes, mammals do not form this structure.
• Added
  • + ultimobranchial body epithelium external ontology notes in EHDAA2, develops_from ventral 4th arch branchial pouch endoderm. Kardong: develops from 5th pouch. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16313389: the most posterior pouch generates the ultimobranchial bodies in most vertebrate classes, mammals do not form this structure. { external ontology=EHDAA2 }

Changes for: manual digit 5 epithelium

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 epithelium has exact synonym manual digit V epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 epithelium

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 epithelium has exact synonym pedal digit II epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 epithelium

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 epithelium has exact synonym pedal digit V epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 epithelium

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 epithelium has exact synonym pedal digit IV epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 epithelium

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 epithelium has exact synonym pedal digit III epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - manual digit 3 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 3. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + manual digit 3 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 3. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + manual digit 3 mesenchyme has exact synonym manual digit III mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - manual digit 4 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 4. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + manual digit 4 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 4. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + manual digit 4 mesenchyme has exact synonym manual digit IV mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - manual digit 2 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 2. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + manual digit 2 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 2. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + manual digit 2 mesenchyme has exact synonym manual digit II mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - pedal digit 5 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 5. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 5. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + pedal digit 5 mesenchyme has exact synonym pedal digit V mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - pedal digit 3 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 3. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 3. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + pedal digit 3 mesenchyme has exact synonym pedal digit III mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - pedal digit 4 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 4. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 4. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + pedal digit 4 mesenchyme has exact synonym pedal digit IV mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 5 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - manual digit 5 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a manual digit 5. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + manual digit 5 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing manual digit 5. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + manual digit 5 mesenchyme has exact synonym manual digit V mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 2 mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - pedal digit 2 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a pedal digit 2. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 2. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
  • + pedal digit 2 mesenchyme has exact synonym pedal digit II mesenchyme { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: intercostal artery

• Deleted
  • - intercostal artery comment TODO - add children. Mouse has dorsal, ventral and upper; humans have anterior, posterior; teleost has segmental
• Added
  • + intercostal artery editor note TODO - add children. Mouse has dorsal, ventral and upper; humans have anterior, posterior; teleost has segmental

Changes for: head somite

• Deleted
  • - head somite comment . AO notes: EHDAA2 has both ‘head somite’ and ‘head somite group’, with part_of and develops_from for latter. Taxon notes: in humans this includes somites 1-4
• Added
  • + head somite comment Taxon notes: in humans this includes somites 1-4
  • + head somite external ontology notes EHDAA2 has both ‘head somite’ and ‘head somite group’, with part_of and develops_from for latter { external ontology=EHDAA2 }

Changes for: sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: vertebral canal

• Deleted
  • - vertebral canal comment todo - check neural vs vertebral canal; embryonic vs adult?
  • - vertebral canal definition The spinal canal (or vertebral canal or spinal cavity) is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae. In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum posteriorly and the posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly. The outermost layer of the meninges, the dura mater, is closely associated with the arachnoid which in turn is loosely connected to the innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater. The meninges divide the spinal canal into the epidural space and the subarachnoid space. The pia mater is closely attached to the spinal cord. A subdural space is generally only present due to trauma and/or pathological situations. The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains the vessels that supply the spinal cord, namely the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries, accompanied by a corresponding spinal veins. The spinal arteries form anastomoses known as the vasocorona of the spinal cord. The epidural space contains loose fatty tissue, and a network of large, thin-walled blood vessels called the anterior vertebral venous plexus and the posterior vertebral venous plexus The spinal canal was first described by Jean Fernel. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_canal }
• Added
  • + vertebral canal definition A conduit enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_canal , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + vertebral canal editor note TODO - check neural vs vertebral canal; embryonic vs adult?

Changes for: limb skeleton subdivision

• Deleted
  • - limb skeleton subdivision comment Editor notes - note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb
• Added
  • + limb skeleton subdivision editor note note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb

Changes for: sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: alisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + alisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: venous sinus

• Deleted
  • - venous sinus comment todo - add subclasses
• Added
  • + venous sinus editor note TODO - add subclasses

Changes for: mandibular symphysis

• Deleted
  • - mandibular symphysis comment Editor notes: this is placed as part of lower jaw region, as in this ontology the skeleton does not include joints
• Added
  • + mandibular symphysis editor note this is placed as part of lower jaw region, as in this ontology the skeleton does not include joints

Changes for: musculo-phrenic vein

• Deleted
  • - musculo-phrenic vein SubClassOf vein
• Added
  • + musculo-phrenic vein SubClassOf thoracic vein

Changes for: accessory hemiazygos vein

• Deleted
  • - accessory hemiazygos vein comment todo - add superclass
• Added
  • + accessory hemiazygos vein editor note TODO - add superclass

Changes for: greater palatine artery

• Deleted
  • - greater palatine artery comment todo - check for synonymy between greater and major; branching_part_of relation is made in FMA at level of descending GPA
• Added
  • + greater palatine artery editor note TODO - check for synonymy between greater and major; branching_part_of relation is made in FMA at level of descending GPA

Changes for: glenoid fossa

• Deleted
  • - glenoid fossa comment . AO notes: FMA also has classes for the bony parts around the cavity - these may be more useful than the cavity term itself
• Added
  • + glenoid fossa external ontology notes FMA also has classes for the bony parts around the cavity - these may be more useful than the cavity term itself { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: septum of scrotum

• Deleted
  • - septum of scrotum SubClassOf male anatomical structure
  • - septum of scrotum SubClassOf reproductive structure
  • - septum of scrotum SubClassOf septum
• Added
  • + septum of scrotum SubClassOf raphe of scrotum

Changes for: coracoid process of scapula

• Deleted
  • - coracoid process of scapula comment In humans is situated on its superior border and serves for the attachment of various muscles
• Added
  • + coracoid process of scapula taxon notes In humans is situated on its superior border and serves for the attachment of various muscles

Changes for: pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: pedal digit 2 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 2 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit II phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 1 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit I phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 4 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 4 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit IV phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 3 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 3 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit III phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 5 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + pedal digit 5 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym pedal digit V phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 3 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 3 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit III phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 4 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 4 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit IV phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit I phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 2 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 2 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit II phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 5 phalanx cartilage element

• Added
  • + manual digit 5 phalanx cartilage element has exact synonym manual digit V phalanx cartilage element { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: marginal sinus of lymph node

• Deleted
  • - marginal sinus of lymph node comment todo - add syns to disambiguate from rodent speen marginal sinus
  • - marginal sinus of lymph node database cross reference EHDAA2:0001064
  • - marginal sinus of lymph node database cross reference EHDAA:8693
  • - marginal sinus of lymph node database cross reference FMA:50766
  • - marginal sinus of lymph node database cross reference http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/361511003
  • - marginal sinus of lymph node definition The subcapsular sinus (lymph path, lymph sinus, marginal sinus) is a region within the lymph node immediately deep to the capsule that contains relatively sparse lymphocytes. It thus allows lymph to flow freely through it. The lymph node contains lymphoid tissue, i.e. , a meshwork or fibers called reticulum with white blood cells enmeshed in it. The regions where there are few cells within the meshwork are known lymph sinus. It is lined by reticular cells, fibroblasts and fixed macrophages. Thus, subcapsular (sub=below) sinus lies immediately deep to the capsule of the lymph node and immediately above the cortex. It is continuous with the similar lymph sinuses that flank the trabeculae (the extensions of capsule within the substance of the lymph node). The subcapsular sinus is of clinical importance as it is the most likely location where the earliest manifestations of a metastatic carcinoma in a lymph node would be found. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcapsular_sinus }
  • - marginal sinus of lymph node has exact synonym marginal sinus { database cross reference=FMA:50766 }
• Added
  • + marginal sinus of lymph node definition bowl-shaped lymph sinuses separating the capsule from the cortical parenchyma, and from which lymph flows into the cortical sinuses. { database cross reference=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/marginal+sinuses }
  • + marginal sinus of lymph node editor note TODO - add syns to disambiguate from rodent speen marginal sinus

Changes for: sigmoid sinus

• Deleted
  • - sigmoid sinus SubClassOf venous dural sinus
• Added
  • + sigmoid sinus SubClassOf paired venous dural sinus

Changes for: sacral region

• Deleted
  • - sacral region comment Taxn notes: Amphibians - 1 sacral vertebra; Living reptiles & most birds - 2 sacral vertebrae; Most mammals - 3 to 5 sacral vertebrae. TODO - split sacral from sacrococcygeal
• Added
  • + sacral region taxon notes Amphibians - 1 sacral vertebra; Living reptiles & most birds - 2 sacral vertebrae; Most mammals - 3 to 5 sacral vertebrae. TODO - split sacral from sacrococcygeal

Changes for: pedal digit 1 epithelium

• Added
  • + pedal digit 1 epithelium has exact synonym pedal digit I epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 1 epithelium

• Added
  • + manual digit 1 epithelium has exact synonym manual digit I epithelium { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: venous dural sinus

• Deleted
  • - venous dural sinus SubClassOf brain blood vessel
  • - venous dural sinus SubClassOf part of some brain
  • - venous dural sinus definition The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain.[1] They receive blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dural_venous_sinuses }
• Added
  • + venous dural sinus EquivalentTo venous sinus and located in some dura mater
  • + venous dural sinus SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
  • + venous dural sinus SubClassOf located in some dura mater
  • + venous dural sinus SubClassOf part of some meningeal cluster
  • + venous dural sinus definition A venous channel found between layers of dura mater in the brain. Receives blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dural_venous_sinuses }

Changes for: tentorial sinus

• Deleted
  • - tentorial sinus SubClassOf vein
  • - tentorial sinus comment retired in ncit
  • - tentorial sinus definition The straight sinus (also known by the alternate anatomical term tentorial sinus), within the human head, is an area beneath the brain, which allows blood veins to span the area, from the center of the head towards the back. It drains from the inferior sagittal sinus (from the center of the brain) to the transverse sinuses (at the back of the head), then to the sigmoid sinuses below the brain. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_sinus }
• Added
  • + tentorial sinus SubClassOf unpaired venous dural sinus
  • + tentorial sinus comment AO notes: retired in NCIT
  • + tentorial sinus definition An unpaired venous dural sinus that receives blood from the superior cerebellar veins and inferior sagittal sinus and drains into the confluence of sinuses. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_sinus }

Changes for: valve of inferior vena cava

• Deleted
  • - valve of inferior vena cava definition The valve of the inferior vena cava (eustachian valve) lies at the junction of the inferior vena cava and right atrium. In fetal life, the Eustachian valve helps direct the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the right atrium into the left cardiac atrium via the foramen ovale (preventing blood flowing into the right ventricle). Before birth, oxygen rich blood returning from the placenta mixes with blood from the hepatic veins in the inferior vena cava. Streaming this blood across the atrial septum via the foramen ovale increases the oxygen content of blood in the left atrium. This in turn increases the oxygen concentration of blood in the left ventricle, the aorta, the coronary circulation and the circulation of the developing brain. Following birth and separation from the placenta, the oxygen content in the inferior vena cava falls. With the onset of breathing, the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. As blood flow to the lungs increases, the amount of blood flow entering the left atrium increases. When the pressure in the left atrium exceeds the pressure in the right atrium, the foramen ovale begins to close and limits the blood flow between the left and right atrium. While the Eustachian valve persists in adult life, it is essentially vestigial. Eustachian Valve (EV), also called valvulae venae cavae inferioris, was described for the first time by the Italian anatomist: Bartolomeo Eustachi (born between 1500 and 1513, died 1574). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_of_inferior_vena_cava }
• Added
  • + valve of inferior vena cava definition A cardial valve that lies at the junction of the inferior vena cava and right atrium. During embryonic development the Eustachian valve helps direct the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the right atrium into the left cardiac atrium via the foramen ovale (preventing blood flowing into the right ventricle). { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_of_inferior_vena_cava }

Changes for: hyaloid vessel

• Deleted
  • - hyaloid vessel SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
  • - hyaloid vessel SubClassOf embryonic structure
  • - hyaloid vessel SubClassOf immature eye
  • - hyaloid vessel comment note we are currently conflating vessel and vasculature - we may wish to split this class - see also vascular plexus term
  • - hyaloid vessel definition blood vessel of transient vascular system of the eye during development, that normally nourishes the retina, immature lens and primary vitreous of the developing eye. { database cross reference=MP:0001289 }
• Added
  • + hyaloid vessel SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure
  • + hyaloid vessel comment Editor notes: we are currently conflating vessel and vasculature - we may wish to split this class - see also vascular plexus term. The ZFA class represents the vasculature
  • + hyaloid vessel definition A blood vessel that is associated with the lens. In mammals, this is transient and normally nourishes the retina, immature lens and primary vitreous of the developing eye. { database cross reference=MP:0001289 , database cross reference=ZFA:0005046 }

Changes for: renal duct

• Deleted
  • - renal duct comment in ZFA this is defined as part of mesonephros
• Added
  • + renal duct external ontology notes in ZFA this is defined as part of mesonephros { external ontology=ZFA }

Changes for: pedal digit 7 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + pedal digit 7 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym pedal digit VII plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pedal digit 8 plus metapodial segment

• Added
  • + pedal digit 8 plus metapodial segment has exact synonym pedal digit VIII plus metapodial segment { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: pectinate line

• Deleted
  • - pectinate line comment FMA also has FMA:29321 but it’s not clear how this differs
• Added
  • + pectinate line comment AO notes: FMA also has FMA:29321 but it’s not clear how this differs

Changes for: seminal fluid

• Deleted
  • - seminal fluid comment . Note that ths intology contains a number of subtypes of seminal fluid, defined according to glands (which are more taxonomically restricted)
• Added
  • + seminal fluid comment Usage notes: this ontology contains a number of subtypes of seminal fluid, defined according to glands (which are more taxonomically restricted)

Changes for: vagal neural crest

• Deleted
  • - vagal neural crest comment In chicken fate mapping studies it was found to originate from neural crest residing between Somite 1-7 (S1-7); In mouse it is considered to be derived from rhombencephalic (post otic) neural crest cells and trunk neural crest cells (anterior to S5)[filemaps.com]
• Added
  • + vagal neural crest taxon notes In chicken fate mapping studies it was found to originate from neural crest residing between Somite 1-7 (S1-7); In mouse it is considered to be derived from rhombencephalic (post otic) neural crest cells and trunk neural crest cells (anterior to S5)[filemaps.com]

Changes for: bony otic capsule

• Deleted
  • - bony otic capsule comment in elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)
• Added
  • + bony otic capsule taxon notes In elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)

Changes for: cartilaginous otic capsule

• Deleted
  • - cartilaginous otic capsule comment in elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans). todo - check EMAPA
• Added
  • + cartilaginous otic capsule taxon notes In elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans). todo - check EMAPA

Changes for: perirenal fat

• Deleted
  • - perirenal fat comment TODO - split perinephric / perirenal
• Added
  • + perirenal fat editor note TODO - split perinephric / perirenal

Changes for: pararenal fat

• Deleted
  • - pararenal fat comment TODO - split paranephric / pararenal
• Added
  • + pararenal fat editor note TODO - split paranephric / pararenal

Changes for: hippocampus granule cell layer

• Deleted
  • - hippocampus granule cell layer comment todo - check
• Added
  • + hippocampus granule cell layer editor note TODO - check

Changes for: spinal cord dorsal column

• Deleted
  • - spinal cord dorsal column comment TODO - relationship with dorsal horn?
• Added
  • + spinal cord dorsal column editor note TODO - relationship with dorsal horn?

Changes for: spinal cord lateral column

• Deleted
  • - spinal cord lateral column comment TODO - check relationship between column and funiculus. Also check white vs grey matter. See ventral column. Note also ZFA term ‘lateral column’ is part of reticular formation
• Added
  • + spinal cord lateral column editor note TODO - check relationship between column and funiculus. Also check white vs grey matter. See ventral column. Note also ZFA term ‘lateral column’ is part of reticular formation

Changes for: spinal cord ventral column

• Deleted
  • - spinal cord ventral column comment in MA, this is a subclass of white matter, but in WP/Gray’s, the anterior column is a synonym of the grey matter section. is this the same as funiculus? See lateral column.
• Added
  • + spinal cord ventral column external ontology notes in MA, this is a subclass of white matter, but in WP/Gray’s, the anterior column is a synonym of the grey matter section. is this the same as funiculus? See lateral column. { external ontology=MA }

Changes for: spleen perifollicular zone

• Deleted
  • - spleen perifollicular zone comment todo - check spleen marginal sinus
• Added
  • + spleen perifollicular zone editor note TODO - check spleen marginal sinus

Changes for: spinal cord ependyma

• Deleted
  • - spinal cord ependyma comment in FMA this is treated as part of the ependyma, but here we treat ependyma as a portion
• Added
  • + spinal cord ependyma external ontology notes in FMA this is treated as part of the ependyma, but here we treat ependyma as a portion { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: brain ependyma

• Deleted
  • - brain ependyma comment in FMA this is treated as part of the ependyma, but here we treat ependyma as a portion
• Added
  • + brain ependyma external ontology notes in FMA this is treated as part of the ependyma, but here we treat ependyma as a portion { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: frontalis muscle belly

• Deleted
  • - frontalis SubClassOf has muscle origin some epicranial aponeurosis
  • - frontalis SubClassOf innervated by some facial nerve
  • - frontalis definition The frontalis muscle is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color. It is located on the front of the head. It has no bony attachments. Its medial fibers are continuous with those of the Procerus; its immediate fibers blend with the Corrugator and Orbicularis oculi, thus attached to the skin of the eyebrows; and its lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. In the eyebrows, its primary function is to lift them (thus opposing the orbital portion of the orbicularis), especially when looking up. It also acts when a view is too distant or dim. From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture. The medial margins of the Frontales are joined together for some distance above the root of the nose; but between the Occipitales there is a considerable, though variable, interval, occupied by the galea aponeurotica. It could be part of occipitofrontalis muscle. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontalis_muscle }
  • - frontalis label frontalis
• Added
  • + frontalis muscle belly definition A belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle that is near the frontal bone { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipitofrontalis_muscle }
  • + frontalis muscle belly has exact synonym frontalis muscke { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontalis_muscle }
  • + frontalis muscle belly has exact synonym frontalis { database cross reference=FMA:46757 }
  • + frontalis muscle belly label frontalis muscle belly

Changes for: arytenoid muscle

• Deleted
  • - arytenoid muscle comment todo - check child relationships
• Added
  • + arytenoid muscle editor note TODO - check child relationships

Changes for: occipitofrontalis muscle

• Deleted
  • - occipitofrontalis muscle comment zone of muscle in FMA
  • - occipitofrontalis muscle definition The occipitofrontalis or epicranius is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: The occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. Some sources consider the occipitofrontalis to be a structure consisting of two distinct muscles, the Frontalis and the occipitalis. However, Terminologia Anatomica currently classifies it as a single muscle. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipitofrontalis_muscle }
• Added
  • + occipitofrontalis muscle SubClassOf part of some head
  • + occipitofrontalis muscle comment AO notes: A zone of muscle in FMA
  • + occipitofrontalis muscle definition The occipitofrontalis or epicranius is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: The occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipitofrontalis_muscle }
  • + occipitofrontalis muscle has related synonym occipito-frontalis

Changes for: occipitalis

• Added
  • + occipitalis definition A belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle that is near the occipital bone { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipitofrontalis_muscle }

Changes for: interhyoideus

• Deleted
  • - interhyoideus comment . most extant actinopterygians part of the interhyoideus separates into a distinct muscle during development, the hyohyoideus - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/
• Added
  • + interhyoideus taxon notes most extant actinopterygians part of the interhyoideus separates into a distinct muscle during development, the hyohyoideus - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/

Changes for: vertebral element

• Deleted
  • - vertebral element comment Usage Notes: we include a distinct subclass for bony vertebra
• Added
  • + vertebral element curator notes we include a distinct subclass for bony vertebra

Changes for: electric organ

• Deleted
  • - electric organ comment todo - request go term for function assignment; todo - add CL term for electrocyte // modified muscle or nerve cells, which became specialized for producing bioelectric fields stronger than those that normal nerves or muscles produce (Albert and Crampton, 2006)
• Added
  • + electric organ comment modified muscle or nerve cells, which became specialized for producing bioelectric fields stronger than those that normal nerves or muscles produce (Albert and Crampton, 2006)
  • + electric organ editor note TODO - request go term for function assignment; todo - add CL term for electrocyte

Changes for: lymphatic capillary

• Deleted
  • - lymphatic capillary comment todo - check superclass
• Added
  • + lymphatic capillary editor note TODO - check superclass

Changes for: nucleus of lateral lemniscus

• Deleted
  • - nucleus of lateral lemniscus comment not clear if the ZFA class denotes the same entity; check relationship to midbrain tegmentum - this leads to inconsistency with ABA. The FMA class should represnet the grouping, but there is no FMA class for the singular at the moment
• Added
  • + nucleus of lateral lemniscus external ontology notes not clear if the ZFA class denotes the same entity; check relationship to midbrain tegmentum - this leads to inconsistency with ABA. The FMA class should represnet the grouping, but there is no FMA class for the singular at the moment { external ontology=ZFA }

Changes for: tegmen tympani

• Deleted
  • - tegmen tympani comment todo - check AAO; grouping is made on basis of related synonym. Crista parotica: seems to be the same as the crista prootica. However, since this lateral ridge of the otic capsule is frequently formed by the opisthotic, rather than the prootic, this may be a better name.; Crista prootica: a ledge or ridge which elaborates the dorsal surface of the prootic or, more generally, the roof of the otic capsule, laterally. The crista may extend posteriorly & laterally, continuous with the paroccipital process, and/or anteriorly or anteroventrally to protect cranial nerve foramina and form part of the fenestra ovalis/vestibuli. In basal tetrapodomorphs and tetrapods, the crista prootica forms the floor of the posttemporal fenestra. See The Prootic. In many tetrapods, the crista prootica is not ossified, or incompletely ossified. However, in frogs, the crista is the main strut joining the skull roofing bones (frontoparietals) with the squamosals. The crista prootica has a similarly expanded role in mammals where it forms an important part of the epitympanic recess and anchors the tympanohyal.[http://www.palaeos.com]
• Added
  • + tegmen tympani editor note TODO - check AAO; grouping is made on basis of related synonym. Crista parotica: seems to be the same as the crista prootica. However, since this lateral ridge of the otic capsule is frequently formed by the opisthotic, rather than the prootic, this may be a better name.; Crista prootica: a ledge or ridge which elaborates the dorsal surface of the prootic or, more generally, the roof of the otic capsule, laterally. The crista may extend posteriorly & laterally, continuous with the paroccipital process, and/or anteriorly or anteroventrally to protect cranial nerve foramina and form part of the fenestra ovalis/vestibuli. In basal tetrapodomorphs and tetrapods, the crista prootica forms the floor of the posttemporal fenestra. See The Prootic. In many tetrapods, the crista prootica is not ossified, or incompletely ossified. However, in frogs, the crista is the main strut joining the skull roofing bones (frontoparietals) with the squamosals. The crista prootica has a similarly expanded role in mammals where it forms an important part of the epitympanic recess and anchors the tympanohyal.[http://www.palaeos.com]

Changes for: dorsal ramus of spinal nerve

• Deleted
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve SubClassOf part of some spinal nerve
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve axiom lost from external ontology relationship loss: subclass posterior lateral line nerve (PLLN) (AAO:0010115)[AAO] { date retrieved=2012-06-20 , external class=AAO:0010800 , ontology=AAO }
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve database cross reference AAO:0010800
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve definition The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. They are also referred to as the dorsal rami. They are directed backward, and, with the exceptions of those of the first cervical, the fourth and fifth sacral, and the coccygeal, divide into medial and lateral branches for the supply of the muscles and skin of the posterior part of the trunk. Shortly after a spinal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen, it branches into the dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and rami communicantes. Each of these latter three structures carries both sensory and motor information. Because each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, spinal nerves are referred to as bmixed nerves. b Dorsal rami carry visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the skin and muscles of the back. Dorsal rami remain distinct from each other, and each innervates a narrow strip of skin and muscle along the back, more or less at the level from which the ramus leaves the spinal nerve. The smaller, posteriorly-directed major terminal branch (with the ventral primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen and turning abruptly posteriorly to divide into lateral and medial branches, both of which will supply the deep (true) muscles of the back. The medial branch (rami medialis) of the dorsal primary ramus also supplies articular branches to the zygopophyseal joints and the periosteum of the vertebral arch. In the neck and upper back, the medial branch continues through the deep and superficial back muscles to supply overlying skin; in the lower back, the lateral branch does this. Nomina Anatomica lists dorsal primary rami as ‘rami dorsales’ for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium), and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei). Synonyms: ramus dorsalis nervorum spinalium, ramus dorsalis, rami posteriores nervorum spinalium, dorsal branch, posterior primary division. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve }
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve external definition A thin ramus which branches from the common trunk of the PLLN when it separates from the postotic ganglionic complex. It turns dorsally and extends over the trunk and dorsal fin innervating the dorsal line of neuromasts.[AAO] { date retrieved=2012-06-20 , external class=AAO:0010800 , ontology=AAO , source=AAO:SIQ }
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve has exact synonym dorsal ramus of spinal nerve { database cross reference=FMA:5983 }
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve has exact synonym dorsal ramus { database cross reference=FMA:5983 }
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve has related synonym ramus posterior nervi spinalis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve , has synonym type=latin term }
  • - posterior ramus of spinal nerve label posterior ramus of spinal nerve
• Added
  • + dorsal ramus of spinal nerve EquivalentTo nerve and innervates some epaxial musclulature and branching part of some spinal nerve trunk
  • + dorsal ramus of spinal nerve SubClassOf innervates some epaxial musclulature
  • + dorsal ramus of spinal nerve definition Branch of spinal nerve that innervates the epaxial muscles { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_nerve , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + dorsal ramus of spinal nerve has broad synonym dorsal ramus { database cross reference=FMA:5983 }
  • + dorsal ramus of spinal nerve has exact synonym posterior ramus of spinal nerve { database cross reference=FMA:5983 }
  • + dorsal ramus of spinal nerve has exact synonym ramus posterior nervi spinalis { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve , has synonym type=latin term }
  • + dorsal ramus of spinal nerve label dorsal ramus of spinal nerve

Changes for: ventral ramus of spinal nerve

• Deleted
  • - anterior ramus of spinal nerve SubClassOf part of some spinal nerve
  • - anterior ramus of spinal nerve definition The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. In the thoracic region they remain distinct from each other and each innervates a narrow strip of muscle and skin along the sides, chest, ribs, and abdominal wall. These rami are called the intercostal nerves. In regions other than the thoracic, ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called nerve plexuses. Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and become redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several different spinal nerves. One advantage to having plexuses is that damage to a single spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb. There are four main plexuses formed by the ventral rami: The cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1-C5. Branches of the cervical plexus, which include the phrenic nerve, innervate muscles of the neck, the diaphragm, and the skin of the neck and upper chest. The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1. This plexus innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L4. The sacral plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L4-S4. The lumbar and sacral plexuses innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. The Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments and joints other spinal nerves to form the lumbo-sacral plexus. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve }
  • - anterior ramus of spinal nerve label anterior ramus of spinal nerve
• Added
  • + ventral ramus of spinal nerve EquivalentTo nerve and innervates some hypaxial musclulature and branching part of some spinal nerve trunk
  • + ventral ramus of spinal nerve SubClassOf innervates some hypaxial musclulature
  • + ventral ramus of spinal nerve definition Branch of spinal nerve that innervates the hypaxial muscles { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_nerve , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + ventral ramus of spinal nerve has broad synonym ventral ramus
  • + ventral ramus of spinal nerve has exact synonym anterior ramus of spinal nerve { database cross reference=FMA:5982 }
  • + ventral ramus of spinal nerve label ventral ramus of spinal nerve

Changes for: remnant of left anterior vena cava

• Deleted
  • - remnant of left anterior vena cava comment The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003).
• Added
  • + remnant of left anterior vena cava taxon notes The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003).

Changes for: trabecula carnea of atrium

• Deleted
  • - trabecula carnea of atrium comment Dubious: Not present in any AO. Note that WP states that trabecular carnea are ventricular and ‘They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right[1] and left atria only’
• Added
  • + trabecula carnea of atrium editor note Not present in any AO. Note that WP states that trabecular carnea are ventricular and ‘They should not be confused with the pectinate muscles, which are present in the right and left atria only’

Changes for: capillary layer of choroid

• Deleted
  • - capillary layer of choroid SubClassOf ectoderm-derived structure
• Added
  • + capillary layer of choroid SubClassOf neural crest-derived structure

Changes for: mesonephric glomerulus

• Deleted
  • - mesonephric glomerulus comment AN notes: XAO/AAO class belongs here, as it refers to mesonephric structure
• Added
  • + mesonephric glomerulus comment AO notes: XAO/AAO class belongs here, as it refers to mesonephric structure

Changes for: mammary placode

• Deleted
  • - mammary placode comment TODO develops_from
• Added
  • + mammary placode editor note TODO develops_from

Changes for: alveolar secondary septum

• Deleted
  • - alveolar secondary septum comment TODO - check UBERON:0004893 interalveolar septum
• Added
  • + alveolar secondary septum editor note TODO - check UBERON:0004893 interalveolar septum

Changes for: alveolar primary septum

• Deleted
  • - alveolar primary septum comment TODO - check UBERON:0004893 interalveolar septum
• Added
  • + alveolar primary septum editor note TODO - check UBERON:0004893 interalveolar septum

Changes for: male preputial gland

• Deleted
  • - male preputial gland comment FMA:19653 was previously placed here, but ISBN10:0123813611 states that no true equivalent in humans. See also https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3588536&group_id=76834&atid=1109502
• Added
  • + male preputial gland comment AO notes: FMA:19653 was previously placed here, but ISBN10:0123813611 states that no true equivalent in humans. See also https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3588536&group_id=76834&atid=1109502

Changes for: blastema

• Deleted
  • - blastema comment Note the ZFA class called ‘blastema’ belongs with the subclass, blastema of regenerating fin/limb
• Added
  • + blastema external ontology notes the ZFA class called ‘blastema’ belongs with the subclass, blastema of regenerating fin/limb { external ontology=ZFA }

Changes for: vibrissa hair bulb

• Deleted
  • - vibrissa hair bulb comment see https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3213510&group_id=76834&atid=1205376
• Added
  • + vibrissa hair bulb see also https://sourceforge.net/p/obo/mouse-anatomy-requests/42/

Changes for: interventricular septum endocardium

• Deleted
  • - interventricular septum endocardium comment todo - split?
• Added
  • + interventricular septum endocardium editor note TODO - split?

Changes for: pedal digit mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - pedal digit mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + pedal digit mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing toe [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: trunk mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - trunk mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a trunk. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + trunk mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: manual digit mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - manual digit mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + manual digit mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing finger [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: upper arm mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - upper arm mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + upper arm mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: lower leg mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - lower leg mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + lower leg mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower leg [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: yolk sac cavity

• Deleted
  • - yolk sac cavity comment In mammals, the yolk sac cavity contains fluid rather than platelets[Kardong] AO notes: in EHDAA2, there are separate primary and secondary yolk sac cavities
• Added
  • + yolk sac cavity comment AO notes: in EHDAA2, there are separate primary and secondary yolk sac cavities
  • + yolk sac cavity taxon notes In mammals, the yolk sac cavity contains fluid rather than platelets[Kardong]

Changes for: upper leg mesenchyme

• Deleted
  • - upper leg mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }
• Added
  • + upper leg mesenchyme definition Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. { database cross reference=OBOL:automatic }

Changes for: ventricular system of central nervous system

• Deleted
  • - ventricular system of central nervous system comment todo - resolve space vs structure conflation. We follow FMA in making this and the various ventricles a structure - it follows from this that strutures such as the tela choroidea and choroid plexuses can be part of the ventricles and ventricular system. Note: see also the class ‘neuraxis cavity’
• Added
  • + ventricular system of central nervous system editor note TODO - resolve space vs structure conflation. We follow FMA in making this and the various ventricles a structure - it follows from this that strutures such as the tela choroidea and choroid plexuses can be part of the ventricles and ventricular system. Note: see also the class ‘neuraxis cavity’

Changes for: articular capsule of glenohumeral joint

• Deleted
  • - articular capsule of glenohumeral joint definition The articular capsule of the humerus is the articular capsule of the shoulder joint. It completely encircles the joint, being attached, above, to the circumference of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum; below, to the anatomical neck of the humerus, approaching nearer to the articular cartilage above than in the rest of its extent. It is thicker above and below than elsewhere, and is so remarkably loose and lax, that it has no action in keeping the bones in contact, but allows them to be separated from each other more than 2.5 cm. , an evident provision for that extreme freedom of movement which is peculiar to this articulation. It is strengthened, above, by the Supraspinatus; below, by the long head of the Triceps brachii; behind, by the tendons of the Infraspinatus and Teres minor; and in front, by the tendon of the Subscapularis.[WP,unvetted] { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articular_capsule_of_the_humerus }
• Added
  • + articular capsule of glenohumeral joint SubClassOf surrounds some glenohumeral joint
  • + articular capsule of glenohumeral joint definition An articular capsule that is part of the glenohumeral joint. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: articular capsule of hip joint

• Deleted
  • - articular capsule of hip joint definition The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is strong and dense. Above, it is attached to the margin of the acetabulum 5 to 6 mm. beyond the glenoidal labrum behind; but in front, it is attached to the outer margin of the labrum, and, opposite to the notch where the margin of the cavity is deficient, it is connected to the transverse ligament, and by a few fibers to the edge of the obturator foramen. It surrounds the neck of the femur, and is attached, in front, to the intertrochanteric line; above, to the base of the neck; behind, to the neck, about 1.25 cm. above the intertrochanteric crest; below, to the lower part of the neck, close to the lesser trochanter. From its femoral attachment some of the fibers are reflected upward along the neck as longitudinal bands, termed retinacula. The capsule is much thicker at the upper and forepart of the joint, where the greatest amount of resistance is required; behind and below, it is thin and loose. It consists of two sets of fibers, circular and longitudinal. The circular fibers, zona orbicularis, are most abundant at the lower and back part of the capsule, and form a sling or collar around the neck of the femur. Anteriorly they blend with the deep surface of the iliofemoral ligament, and gain an attachment to the anterior inferior iliac spine. The longitudinal fibers are greatest in amount at the upper and front part of the capsule, where they are reinforced by distinct bands, or accessory ligaments, of which the most important is the iliofemoral ligament. The other accessory bands are known as the pubocapsular and the ischiocapsular ligaments. The external surface of the capsule is rough, covered by numerous muscles, and separated in front from the Psoas major and Iliacus by a bursa, which not infrequently communicates by a circular aperture with the cavity of the joint. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_of_hip_joint }
• Added
  • + articular capsule of hip joint SubClassOf surrounds some hip joint
  • + articular capsule of hip joint definition An articular capsule that is part of the hip joint. { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: genital ridge

• Deleted
  • - genital ridge comment TODO - check developmental relationships. merge with urogenital ridge?
• Added
  • + genital ridge editor note TODO - check developmental relationships. merge with urogenital ridge?

Changes for: ovary sex cord

• Deleted
  • - ovary sex cord comment TODO check secondary vs cortical vs ovary
• Added
  • + ovary sex cord editor note TODO check secondary vs cortical vs ovary

Changes for: testis sex cord

• Deleted
  • - testis sex cord comment check primary vs testis
• Added
  • + testis sex cord editor note TODO - check primary vs testis

Changes for: prepuce of clitoris

• Deleted
  • - prepuce of clitoris comment Taxon Notes: FMA has FMA:27886 skin of prepuce of clitoris
• Added
  • + prepuce of clitoris taxon notes FMA has FMA:27886 skin of prepuce of clitoris

Changes for: propatagium

• Deleted
  • - propatagium comment In birds: The triangular fold of skin on leading edge of the wing[http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]
• Added
  • + propatagium taxon notes In birds: The triangular fold of skin on leading edge of the wing[http://caiquesite.com/glossary.htm]

Changes for: pedal digit 6

• Added
  • + pedal digit 6 has exact synonym pedal digit VI { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: capitulum of humerus

• Deleted
  • - capitulum of humerus comment TODO - check AAO. Taxon notes: In birds, where forelimb anatomy has adaptation for flight, its functional if not ontogenetic equivalent is the dorsal condyle of the humerus[WP]
• Added
  • + capitulum of humerus editor note TODO - check AAO. Taxon notes: In birds, where forelimb anatomy has adaptation for flight, its functional if not ontogenetic equivalent is the dorsal condyle of the humerus[WP]

Changes for: manual digit 8

• Added
  • + manual digit 8 has exact synonym manual digit VIII { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 7

• Added
  • + manual digit 7 has exact synonym manual digit VII { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: manual digit 6

• Added
  • + manual digit 6 has exact synonym manual digit VI { database cross reference=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/458 , has synonym type=preferred term in the context of comparative anatomy }

Changes for: clavicle cartilage element

• Deleted
  • - clavicle cartilage element comment In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
• Added
  • + clavicle cartilage element taxon notes In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]

Changes for: clavicle pre-cartilage condensation

• Deleted
  • - clavicle pre-cartilage condensation comment In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
• Added
  • + clavicle pre-cartilage condensation taxon notes In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]

Changes for: left anterior vena cava

• Added
  • + left anterior vena cava has exact synonym left superior vena cava { database cross reference=EMAPA:18418 }
  • + left anterior vena cava taxon notes The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right.

Changes for: right anterior vena cava

• Deleted
  • - right anterior vena cava comment The mouse has both left and right anterior vena cava. adult humans only have a right. Postnatally the left regresses and becomes non-functional (Wessels and Sedmera 2003). Note that FMA:4720 is equivalent to both anterior vena cava and right anterior vena cava
• Added
  • + right anterior vena cava has exact synonym right superior vena cava { database cross reference=EMAPA:18419 }

Changes for: heart

• Deleted
  • - heart comment note that we use the term ‘primary circulatory organ’ for the generic class. Taxon notes:” the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers….The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepi- thelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium…. The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates… all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)” http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1485706
  • - heart definition a myogenic muscular organ found in the cardiovascular system. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The vertebrate heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. Primitive fish have a four-chambered heart; however, the chambers are arranged sequentially so that this primitive heart is quite unlike the four-chambered hearts of mammals and birds. The first chamber is the sinus venosus, which collects de-oxygenated blood, from the body, through the hepatic and cardinal veins. From here, blood flows into the atrium and then to the powerful muscular ventricle where the main pumping action takes place. The fourth and final chamber is the conus arteriosus which contains several valves and sends blood to the ventral aorta. The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the dorsal aorta, into the rest of the body. (In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary artery. In the adult fish, the four chambers are not arranged in a straight row but, instead, form an S-shape with the latter two chambers lying above the former two. This relatively simpler pattern is found in cartilaginous fish and in the more primitive ray-finned fish. In teleosts, the conus arteriosus is very small and can more accurately be described as part of the aorta rather than of the heart proper. The conus arteriosus is not present in any amniotes which presumably having been absorbed into the ventricles over the course of evolution. Similarly, while the sinus venosus is present as a vestigial structure in some reptiles and birds, it is otherwise absorbed into the right atrium and is no longer distinguishable[WP]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart }
• Added
  • + heart comment Taxon notes:” the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers….The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium…. The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates… all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)” http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1485706
  • + heart definition A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart , database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }

Changes for: proctodeum

• Deleted
  • - proctodeum comment removed WBbt:0006795 - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male.
• Added
  • + proctodeum editor note removed WBbt:0006795 ‘proctodeum’ - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male.

Changes for: calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation

• Added
  • + calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation SubClassOf developing mesenchymal structure

Changes for: lamina

• Deleted
  • - lamina comment TODO - merge with cell layer?
• Added
  • + lamina editor note TODO - merge with cell layer?

Changes for: annular epiphysis

• Deleted
  • - annular epiphysis comment Usage notes: here epiphysis means deriving from a separate ossification center
• Added
  • + annular epiphysis curator notes here epiphysis means deriving from a separate ossification center

Changes for: alisphenoid bone

• Deleted
  • - alisphenoid bone comment .

Changes for: foramen cecum of frontal bone

• Deleted
  • - foramen cecum of frontal bone comment todo - check if this is what the FMA ID really denotes
• Added
  • + foramen cecum of frontal bone editor note TODO - check if this is what the FMA ID really denotes

Changes for: penis

• Deleted
  • - penis comment Most male birds (e.g., roosters and turkeys) have a cloaca (also present on the female), but not a penis. Among bird species with a penis are paleognathes (tinamous and ratites), Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans), and a very few other species (such as flamingoes). A bird penis is different in structure from mammal penises, being an erectile expansion of the cloacal wall and being erected by lymph, not blood. It is usually partially feathered and in some species features spines and brush-like filaments, and in flaccid state curls up inside the cloaca[WP]
  • - penis definition The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external sexual organ of certain biologically male organisms, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The penis is a reproductive organ, technically an intromittent organ, and for placental mammals, additionally serves as the external organ of urination. The penis is generally found on mammals and reptiles. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis }
• Added
  • + penis definition The penis is an external sexual organ of certain biologically male organisms. The penis is a reproductive organ, technically an intromittent organ, and for placental mammals, additionally serves as the external organ of urination. The penis is generally found on mammals and reptiles. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis }
  • + penis has related synonym penes { has synonym type=plural term }
  • + penis taxon notes Most male birds (e.g., roosters and turkeys) have a cloaca (also present on the female), but not a penis. Among bird species with a penis are paleognathes (tinamous and ratites), Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans), and a very few other species (such as flamingoes). A bird penis is different in structure from mammal penises, being an erectile expansion of the cloacal wall and being erected by lymph, not blood. It is usually partially feathered and in some species features spines and brush-like filaments, and in flaccid state curls up inside the cloaca[WP]

Changes for: pons

• Deleted
  • - pons comment The pons is not present in zebrafish. In this ontology we currently have some structures which are applicable to zebrafish appearing as parts of the pons. Currently we only include the weaker dubious_for_taxon relationship ubtil this is resolved
• Added
  • + pons editor note The pons is not present in zebrafish. In this ontology we currently have some structures which are applicable to zebrafish appearing as parts of the pons. Currently we only include the weaker dubious_for_taxon relationship ubtil this is resolved

Changes for: axillary vein

• Deleted
  • - axillary vein comment This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
  • - axillary vein definition In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein. Its tributaries include the basilic vein and cephalic vein, which are both superficial veins. It terminates at the lateral margin of the first rib, at which it becomes the subclavian vein. It is accompanied along its course by a similarly named artery, the axillary artery. [WP,unvetted]. { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_vein }
  • - axillary vein has related synonym vena axillaris { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_vein , has synonym type=latin term }
• Added
  • + axillary vein EquivalentTo vein and drains some axilla
  • + axillary vein SubClassOf drains some axilla
  • + axillary vein definition Vein that drains the axilla { database cross reference=UBERON:cjm }
  • + axillary vein has exact synonym vena axillaris { database cross reference=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_vein , has synonym type=latin term }
  • + axillary vein taxon notes In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein. Its tributaries include the basilic vein and cephalic vein, which are both superficial veins. It terminates at the lateral margin of the first rib, at which it becomes the subclavian vein. It is accompanied along its course by a similarly named artery, the axillary artery[WP]

Changes for: imaginal disc-derived wing

• Deleted
  • - imaginal disc-derived wing comment TODO: review. hymenoptera thorax = fusion of thorax and mesosoma/metasoma
• Added
  • + imaginal disc-derived wing editor note TODO - review. hymenoptera thorax = fusion of thorax and mesosoma/metasoma

Changes for: femur

• Added
  • + femur database cross reference AAO:0000887

Changes for: pleura

• Deleted
  • - pleura comment In mouse, is_a cavity lining. In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term ‘pleura’ is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86
• Added
  • + pleura taxon notes In mouse, is_a cavity lining. In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term ‘pleura’ is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/tracker/86

Changes for: vagina

• Deleted
  • - vagina comment Taxon notes (via vHOG): “The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.” Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.688
• Added
  • + vagina development notes ‘The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.’ Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.688

Changes for: uterus

• Deleted
  • - uterus comment Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle “vagina” which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline “placenta” (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a “true” placenta), in which the egg’s yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo’s nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother’s bloodstream.
• Added
  • + uterus taxon notes Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle ‘vagina’ which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline ‘placenta’ (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a ‘true’ placenta), in which the egg’s yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo’s nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother’s bloodstream.

Changes for: distal straight tubule macula densa

• Deleted
  • - distal straight tubule macula densa comment todo - unify terminology - check DST = TAL? Note EMAPA class appears to refer to this segment
• Added
  • + distal straight tubule macula densa editor note TODO - unify terminology - check DST = TAL? Note EMAPA class appears to refer to this segment

Changes for: gonad

• Deleted
  • - gonad comment FMA xref is a ‘general anatomical term’
• Added
  • + gonad external ontology notes FMA xref is a ‘general anatomical term’ { external ontology=FMA }

Changes for: female gonad

• Deleted
  • - female gonad comment Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[WP].
• Added
  • + female gonad comment .
  • + female gonad taxon notes Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo[WP]

Report for properties

ObjectProperty objects lost from source: 0

ObjectProperty objects new in target: 0

Changed ObjectProperty objects: 0